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Новият литературен жанр „Транслит“

Author(s): Madeleine Danova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

The article looks at the way the new hybrid genre of the biofiction functions in the postmodern age. It examines this new genre against the background of such notions as Coupland’s “TransLit” and Hutcheon’s “historiographic metafiction”, as well as Bauman’s “liquid modernity”. It also traces the development of the genre of biography and its use in the subtle play between fact and fiction in contemporary literature. A specific attention is paid to the biographical fictions based on the life and the works of Henry James, one of the canonical figures in Anglo-American literature and in particular to one of the less known biofictions, Liebmann-Smith’s The James Boys: A Novel Account of Four Desperate Brothers (2008). The article reaches a conclusion that the “TransLit” of today destroys the temporal and the spatial boundaries creating a patchwork of fragments united by the power of the writer’s imagination.

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Новые типы словарей как источники лингвокультурологической информации

Author(s): Valeriy Efremov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2016

The modern Russian-language lexicography provides vast material for national and cultural research of the Russian language. The article describes unique dictionaries of different genres and different scientific schools; each of these dictionaries includes important linguistic-cultural component. Special mention is made of associative dictionary usage for explicating such cognitive and cultural units as gender stereotypes

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Номинативне реченице у руском језику на материјалу пословица (и њихови еквиваленти у српском језику)

Author(s): Milica Šević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 9/2014

In the paper, the author deals with nominal sentences in Russian and their structure observed within the corpus of proverbs. The main corpus material are examples from Serbo-Croatian – Russian Paremiological Dictionary by J.Z., and this material is extended by the examples from the collection of Proverbs of Russian People by V.I. and the collection of Serbian Folk Proverbs by V. S. Karadzic. The aim of the paper is to explain nominal sentences in Russian from the aspects of structure and semantics within the proverbs, present those sentences that are similar to nominal sentences in form, yet not the real simple sentences, and then focus the attention on the issue of whether the nominal sentence is simple or not.

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Номинация ароматного растения душица обыкновенная (Origanum vulgare L.) в русском и болгарском языках

Author(s): Ganna Angelova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

The article examines the origin of the nomination of the herbaceous plant oregano (Rus. душица обыкновeнная). The main object of analysis are the linguistic manifestations of specific and functional signs as the basis of name, and the ways of their expression. Based on this are determined the models of nominative row in Russian and Bulgarian languages. The study of nominative rows of the plant oregano entering the thematic group of phytonyms „Medicinal herbaceous plants of the family Lamiaceae,“ is the most acceptable method for the study of the principles and ways of nomination of objects possessing common properties. This method facilitates the study to focus on the many names and identify the current relations between marked objects and their names, as well as to reveal the systemic organization of thematic vocabulary groups. Furthermore, comparison of current models of nominative rows in the system of the two languages (Russian and Bulgarian) provides an opportunity to indicate the integrity of nominations of the studied thematic group.

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НОРМАТИВНИ ПРЕДПОСТАВКИ ОТНОСНО УПОТРЕБАТА НА БЕЗПРЕДЛОЖНИ ФОРМИ НА РОДИТЕЛЕН ПАДЕЖ НА ИМЕНАТА И ПРЕДЛОЖНИ КОНСТРУКЦИИ С ОТЪ В СТАРОБЪЛГАРСКАТА И СРЕДНОБЪЛГАРСКАТА ПИСМЕНОСТ

Author(s): Cvetanka Yanakieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 13/2013

The article discusses the choice between genitive forms without prepositions and prepositional genitives with „отъ” denoting the object in the verbs “be afraid/ scared of” with ablative relations between the object and the subject found in the Old-Bulgarian Psalter of Sinai, and the Middle-Bulgarian Psalter of Bologna and Tomic Psalter. An attempt is made to define some normative prerequisites as well as some formal semantic factors for their use in the Slavonic tradition of Psalter as compared to the Greek Protograph. The author suggests a new interpretation of a group of prepositional phrases with „отъ” in the verbs of the Old-Bulgarian Codek Suprasliensis and the Manasi Chronicle, which are traditionally viewed as exceptions.

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Нулти члан у италијанским пословицама

Author(s): Aleksandra R. Blatešić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 5/2012

Research of this work was carried out on Italian proverbs, which have all the features of the sentence, and some special features that make them different from the usual sentence in everyday communication. The bare nouns in the initial part of the proverbs occur because of the relocation of the informative focus into the initial position regardless of the function that later they carry out. Furthermore the omission of the article is due to various changes in syntactic structure, permutation or omission of sentence constituents, such as verbs and conjunctions. Realizing the most important principles of these changes led us to a better understanding of this phenomenon in Italian proverbs, but also to significant variety of their syntactic structures.

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Някои особени лексеми в старобългарския превод на Иполитовото тълкувание на Книга на пророк Даниил

Author(s): Ivan I. Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 16/2016

The object of the current research is Talkovanie na Kniga na propok Daniil – the Slavonic version of the Commentaries on the Book of Prophet Daniel (Commentarii in Danielem, CPG 1873) by Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170–235), the earliest and most profound commentaries on this Old Testament book. They were written round 204 and their translation into Old Bulgarian can be counted among the earliest works of Bulgarian literature. The time of the Commentaries’ translation is under discussion, its dating ranging from the last decades of the ninth to the middle of the tenth century. Some linguistic facts of the Commentaries have sporadically been compared with the partial translation of the Book of the Prophet Daniel, included in the Prophetologion. Also, some comparisons have been made between the Slavonic translation of the Commentaries and the so-called Talkovni proroci – a translation of Old Testament books of prophets with commentaries. The analysis is based on a 1519 manuscript of the Commentaries (No. 486 from the Volokolamsk Collection, Russian State Library, Moscow), which follows the tradition of the earlier copies and most profoundly keeps the content of the Commentaries. In addition to morphological particularities, in the text there are many lexical idiosyncrasies, which can facilitate the dating and localization of the translation. Among these lexical markers can be singled out which show more interesting data. Many lexemes can be found which are particular to the early written codices and testify to the antiquity of the translation. For instance, some specific lexemes match with words, used in the Codex Suprasliensis and the First Miscellany of Tsar Simeon (Izbornik of 1073), which shows that the Commentaries are one of the earliest translated works of the Old Bulgarian literature.

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О двоякой роли письменности Великого княжества Литовского в межславянских языковых контактах

Author(s): Ludmila Harbul / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2017

The paper deals with the twofold role of the written language of the Great Duchy of Lithuania in inter-Slavonic, mainly Polish–Russian language contacts, based on the material of diplomatic correspondence of Muscovy. The author summarizes the research data proving that the written language of the Great Duchy of Lithuania played the role of an active mediator in the 15th–17th centuries in Polish–Russian language contacts and it was a source of lexical and semantic borrowings in the Russian written language and in the Polish written language. What is more, the paper examines anew some lexical borrowings from the written language of the Great Duchy of Lithuania in the Russian Chancery language of the 17th century as well as in the Polish language: golosovati /galasovati ‘cry, make a noise; make a hubbub’, navyklyj ‘accustomed to, habitual’ and futor /chutor ‘small settlement; khutor (separated farm)’.

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О ДВУХ ПЕРИФЕРИЙНЫХ МИКРОСИСТЕМАХ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ГНЕВА В РУССКОМ, ПОЛЬСКОМ И ЧЕШСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Eugeniusz Stefański / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 125/2009

The article analyzes two groups of words, which mean different kinds of anger in Russian, Polish and Czech. The author pays special attention to the etymology of these words and reveals peculiarities of these emotion experiences by the Russian, Polish and Czech linguistic personality.

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О диахроническом изучении истории русской беллетристики XIX века

Author(s): Alexey Evgenevich Kozlov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2017

Introduction. The article is devoted to the diachronic method of investigating fiction, which is considered as a debatable issue of modern literary history. Despite more than a century-long tradition of understanding this approach (A.N. Veselovsky, Yu. N. Tynyanov, V.B. Shklovsky, B.M. Eikenbaum, Yu. M. Lotman, B.V. Dubin), it still determines the prospects of linguistic research. The presumption of the author’s model and an inherent figure of the author are considered as typical for synchronic study of literature. The purpose of the article is to analyze the research operations which enable to consider fiction as a cultural phenomenon of axiological significance.Materials and methods. The so-called “stochastic” factors of the literary pro-cess are analyzed within the framework of such categories as replication and alter-nativeness. The research samples included works of the so-called "second literary layer" such as the novel "Country Roads" by D. Grigorovich, the novel "On the Way to Eternity" by V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, the story "Tamarin" by M. Avdeev and the stories "The Player" and "The Model" by N. Aksharumov. Results. The author formulates the following hypotheses based on the conducted analysis:a. Understanding the word classic / fiction / imitation, secondary / alternative as terms is significant for their terminological boundaries which can change the original idea of the literary reputation and place of “secondary” writers in the cultural space.b. Phenomenology of novelist’s creativity, taken in schematic perspective, can be present-ed as an act of the explicit force which is aimed at dialogue and debate and of the implicit force arising as a result of awareness of their inferiority. c. Contemporary perceptions of various figures of the literary process contributed to strengthening these opinions and assessments in later analytical criticism and popular research papers.d. The concepts of “secondary texts” and “texts of the classic” are phenomenological conventions. The author proves that texts by novelists as well as the texts by recognized Russian classical writers contain polyvalent meanings. Conclusions. The author concludes about the possibility of exploring alternative lines of literature, forming its alternative history. This approach will bring scientific philological knowledge to the postneoclassical type of understanding literature and literary process as a complexly organized, mobile and variable model.

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О значењу неких глагола говорења у њемачком и српском језику

Author(s): Kristina Mirnić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 6/2012

Given the fact that every language is subject to various historical trends, spiritual directions, and new social structures, one can assume it is the lexic of any given language that is influenced the most in this respect, by which contacts with other peoples and cultures play a major role. As a direct result of these processes, we witness both the emergence of new lexic and the disappearance of old forms, as well as changes in existing word sets. For that purpose, this paper analyses shifts in meaning and stylistic features of some verbs in the German and Serbian languages.

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О КОНТРАСТИВНОЈ АНАЛИЗИ

Author(s): Marija N. Vujović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 65/2018

This paper discusses the concept of contrastive analysis, its origin and development, and the position that this method occupies in linguistics particularly according to linguists Fries and Lado. Also we pay attention to its pragmatic aspect and we emphasize its pedagogical orientation, i.e. the significance of the results of the contrastive analysis for teaching foreign languages, the study of bilingualism, translation, language planning and the improvement of the quality of language teaching in general. Furthermore, we define the concept of interference, i.e. the idea that the students have a tendency to transfer phonetic, morphological, syntactic or lexical characteristics from their native language into the target language and we consider the influence that behaviorism and structuralism have had on a contrastive analysis. The paper also discusses Ronald Wardhaugh’s contrastive analysis hypothesis, both its weak and strong version, and Fred Eckman’s Markedness Differential Hypothesis as well and clarifies the way of understanding the error in this branch of general linguistics. Finally, a critique of contrastive analysis is summarized.

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О неким питањима српско-хрватске интерпункције (у поређењу са руским)

Author(s): Ira V. Ivanova / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 1/1990

In der Arbeit, wird das System der Interpunktion im Serbokroatischen erörtert, das in der Rechtschreibung aus dem Jahre 1960 im Vergleich mit der russischen Interpunktion aum Ausdruck gebracht worden ist. Man geht von der Tatsache aus, daß sich im Serbokroatischen um eine logische Interpunktion handelt. In der Arbeit wird die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Kommasetzung in einem zusammengesetzten Satz gelenkt. Es gibt Situationen, wo man ein Komma setzen muß. Parallel dazu wird in der serbokroatischen Sprache ein Komma oft als ein Zeichen zur Unterscheidung der Bedeutung in einem Satz gesetzt. Satzgefüge mit einem durch Kommas getrennten Ergänzungssatz haben eine Reihe formaler, semantischer und stilistischer Merkmale, die man in der russischen Übersetzung wegen des unterschiedlichen Gebrauchs von Interpunktionszeichen im Russischen nicht immer verfolgen kann.

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О неким српским и бугарским поредбеним фраземама са зоонимима, фитонимима и етницима

Author(s): Darka Herbez / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 12/2015

This paper reviewed Serbian and Bulgarian comparative phrases of animals, plants and ethnics, where we explored similarities and differences in the domain of form and meaning. In analysing these idioms, we discovered phrases which were characterised by a complete equivalence, partial equivalence and zero equivalence. The analysis points out the positive and negative linguistic transfer, which makes it either easier or more difficult to adopt a foreign language.

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О некоторых особенностях турецкой версии Мирадж-наме в китабе Ивана Луцкевича

Author(s): Hüseyin Durgut / Language(s): Russian / Issue: -/2015

Kitab manuscripts are one of the most important parts of the surviving fund of manuscripts of Lithuanian Tatars. Lithuanian Tatars lost their mother tongue for various reasons in 16th–17th centuries, but have preserved their faith and Tatar identity until nowadays. Languages, spoken by ethnic groups living alongside Tatars, replaced the Tatar language. Lithuanian Tatars felt the need for translations in order to fulfill their religious needs. This gave birth to the tradition of Lithuanian Tatar manuscripts, written in Slavic languages using Arabic script. These Arabo-graphic manuscripts preserved texts concerning such languages as Arabic, Chagatai Turkic, old Turkey Turkish, Belarussian and Polish. In this study, several problematic words in the Turkish text of Miracname found in the Kitab of Ivan Lutskevich, were analysed. The author tried to compare these faulty words with their equivalents in Mirajname texts written in old Turkey Turkish and to show their correct versions.

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О некоторых ценностях и антиценностях в русской и литовской коммуникативных культурах

Author(s): Alla Likhachiova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: -/2017

This article explores certain features of the Russian and Lithuanian communicative cultures and analyzes the opposite – from the axiological perspective – communicative manifestations in each of the compared cultures. The comparison of Russian and Lithuanian communicative cultures shows that both communicative cultures are contradictory, and that the national characters of the representatives of these cultures combine paradoxical features. Communicative values that are usually assigned to Russians are openness, close contact, cordiality, emotionality, but these are accompanied by harshness, assertiveness, an aspiration to correct another’s behavior and a lack of tolerance. Lithuanians value the following communicative qualities: moderateness, kindliness, friendliness and a compliance to the standards of decency, but they acknowledge their communicative closedness, jealousy, pessimism, mistrust. Discrepancies between the reflexive communicative categories (which are understood to represent the ideal or norm) and those found in everyday life (which reflect how things are in real communication) make obvious the difference between the values a nd antivalues in both communicative cultures.

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О односу генитива и акузатива директног објекта у Роману о Троји

Author(s): Aleksandra L. Colić Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 20/2019

The topic of this paper is the relationship between the genitive and the accusative of direct object in the Old Serbian Novel About Troy (XV century). The competition of two cases is attested in the following categories: 1) after verbs of certain semantic classes (verbs of perception and verbs of striving after a goal), 2) after the infinitive which replaced the supine and 3) in negative constructions. In the oldest stages of the Balto-Slavic branch, the genitive government was most likely the only possible, which later gradually started to be replaced with accusative forms. The syntactic, semantic and statistical analysis was provided. After certain verbs and after the infinitive in the primary supine position the genitive is preserved only in traces. In negative constructions, the percentage ratio (55,56% accusative : 44,44% genitive) indicates a strong competition of two forms, with a slight advantage of the accusative, while the selection of case seems to be determined by hierarchies such as referentiality, the force of negation and morphological distinction of cases. In later stages of the Serbian language, the process of replacing the genitive with the accusative goes on, which is probably caused by the intensive development of syntactic transitivity.

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О плане венгерско-польского словаря Гиадора Стрипского

Author(s): István UDVARI / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1-2/2002

Hiador Sztripszky is known to the Hungarian scientific world as a bibliographer, as an ethnographer and as a literary historian. However, little is known about his linguistic and belletristic works. His interests for scientific work were formed in the Ferenc József University in Kolozsvár and later in the museum of this town. As a student of the Ferenc József University in Kolozsvár he spent the winter semester of 1897/98 in Lemberg (Lviv/Lwów/Lvov). Later he worked as a court interpreter of Russian, Rusyn, Slovak and Polish. Studying Hiador Sztripszky’s works about Ruthenian philology I ended up in Nagyszombat (Trnava) in the Literary archive of the St. Adalbert society where his posthumous papers are kept. In this collection, which unfortunately was kept for a long time under unsatisfactory conditions resulting in the loss of many manuscripts, I found an unfinished plan of a Hungarian-Polish dictionary which he started to write in the 1920s. Being an interpreter he must have felt the practical necessity of such a dictionary and as a philologist he fully understood that it would be a bridge between the two languages and cultures.

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О ПРЕВОДНОЈ ЕКВИВАЛЕНЦИЈИ НА ПРИМЕРУ МИМИЧКОГ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМА ОТВОРИТИ ОЧИ

Author(s): Aneta Trivić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 55/2014

Esta investigación pertenece al campo de la lingüística contrastiva y tiene como objetivo detectar las relaciones semánticas interlingüísticas que figuran entre los fraseologismos отворити очи (lit. ‘abrir los ojos’) y abrir los ojos. El método que utilizamos es el análisis contrastivo semántico y la equivalencia traductológica forma parte esencial del trabajo. Por equivalencia traductológica entendemos uno de los fenómenos más importantes en la resolución de los problemas de comparabilidad e ilustramos el grado de su realización en los fraseologismos serbios y españoles mediante los ejemplos somáticos. Luego representamos las realizaciones semánticas y los rasgos diasistemáticos en los fraseologismos de origen mímico отворити очи y abrir los ojos, explicando tambien el término fraseología de origen gestual o mímico. Advertimos que las unidades de tal origen son especialmente peculiares debido a su doble naturaleza semántica (literal e idiomática) y debido al hecho de que las lenguas y culturas diferentes imponen diferentes conceptualizaciones del mismo gesto y movimiento. Tomando como ejemplo отворити очи y abrir los ojos, demostramos que las relaciones interlingüísticas no siempre son fáciles de entender y caracterizar como la equivalencia absoluta, parcial, nula o aparente. Llegamos a la conlusión que estos fraseologismos tienen una polisemia muy desarrollada en el plano intralingual, por lo cual su relación se manifiesta como compleja en el plano interlingual. Ellos manifiestan una congruencia semántica general, pero difieren en la definición lexicográfica y en la distribución de los significados primarios y secundarios. De esto se desprende que la compresión correcta de su semántica y funcionamiento exige unа representación más amplia, dentro de los contextos reales.

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О родстве московской и кирилло-белозерской редакций Стишного пролога

Author(s): Marina Chistiakova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: -/2012

The Versed Synaxarion of the Kirillo-Belozersky collection 1.1240, created in Rostov diocese in 1452 and preserved at the Russian National Library, is the oldest copy of the Kirillo-Belozersky edition of the Versed Synaxarion. The comparison of its structure with the Moscow edition of the Versed Synaxarion (Russian State library, Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, no. 720, 721, 722) suggests there is a relationship between the two editions. Textual analysis was employed to reconstruct the common prototype of the two editions. The Tarnovo edition in this “proto-edition” has been supplemented with homilies for selected dates. These homilies are a common feature of the Kirillo-Belozersky and Moscow editions alone and are not commonly found in other Eastern Slavic editions of the Versed Synaxarion. Comparison of the structure of the Kirillo-Belozersky 1.1240 and the Moscow edition demonstrates that some texts in the copy 1.1240 have been either edited or deleted, and an additional comparison with the Simple Synaxarion has been made. The Moscow edition is less innovative and is not affected by these changes. Individual homilies in the Kirillo-Belozersky edition derive from the Alphabetical Jerusalem Paterikon, the Slavic Compilation Paterikon, and the Rome Paterikon as well as from some detailed versions of the lives of the saints; the Kirillo-Belozersky edition has little in common with the corpus of individual sermons of the Moscow edition, which includes the homilies of Isaac the Syrian, Nikita Stethatos, Ephrem the Syrian, Abba Dorotheus, and other authors

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