„Doch diese Zeit haben wir noch nicht gefunden“: Zeit(lichkeit) in Todesanzeigen

Author(s): Cristina Mihail / Language(s): German / Issue: 62/2019

Besides the primary information referring to the passing away of a human being, death notices offer insights into (cultural) concepts and worldviews that are typical of the environment in which the deceased used to be active or of that in which their immediate family operate. The article explores the way time – as a physical dimension of our human existence – is conceptualized in death notices emerging from the Romanian respectively the German funeral culture. Biographical data, the temporal imprint of one’s professional life and of his health condition (including ageing symptomatology), concepts referring to temporality after death and the coping with grief are depicted from an intercultural perspective.

Темпоралната система на румънския език

Author(s): Bilyana Mihaylova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 104/2019

This study was carried out within the framework of the research project “Balkan languages as an emanation of the ethno-cultural community on the Balkans (verb typology)”. Its purpose is to elaborate a description of the tense system of the Romanian verb in the indicative mood. This description will serve as the basis for a contrastive study of the verbal systems of the languages of the Balkan Linguistic Union, which will be developed by a team of linguists in the next stages of the project.

ТЕМПОРАЛНОСТ И АСПЕКТУАЛНОСТ ЕНГЛЕСКОГ ПРОШЛОГ ПЕРФЕКТА И ЊЕГОВИХ СРПСКИХ ПРЕВОДНИХ ЕКВИВАЛЕНАТА

Author(s): Anica V. Glodovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 66/2018

This paper applies contemporary interpretations of tenses and aspects in English and Serbian in order to define temporal and aspectual relations between English Past Perfect Tense and its Serbian verbal translation equivalents. Since finite verbal forms in English are characterized by the combination of temporal and aspectual distinctions, these features were analysed (quantitatively and qualitatively) on the Past Perfect Tense corpus excerpted from а modern British novel. Subsequently, their Serbian translation equivalents were identified and statistically processed in order to contribute the further interpretations of tense and aspectual relations within the verbal systems of these two languages.

Теоријске поставке истраживања традиционалне пољопривредне лексике (ратарске и повртарске лексике војвођанских Русина)

Author(s): Aleksandar Mudri / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2017

This paper presents theoretical aspects of researching traditional material culture (crop science lexicon) of Ruthenians in Vojvodina, Serbia. The corpus was gathered through field research method. Presenting methodology of a fieldwork researching and analizing crop science lexicon as a part of Ruthenian traditional material culture could contribut to development of future researching in this field.

Теорията на лексикалните функции на И. Мелчук и прилагането є за изучаване на съчетаемостта в съпоставителен план

Author(s): Palmira Legurska / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2016

The paper discusses the application of the semantic parameter ‘abstract general sense’. This parameter can have various verbal materialization depending on the head of the phrase. Contrastive exemplifications from Russian and Bulgarian are applied. The methodology is particularly relevant for the active command of languages.

ТЕРМІНИ КОМП’ЮТЕРНОЇ СФЕРИ В РІЗНИХ МОВАХ: ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНІ ПРОЦЕСИ

Author(s): Olena HAVRYLOVA / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 7/2019

The influence of world globalization processes in the field of computer technologies on different languages has been considered in the article. The methods of replenishing the languages terminology due to the borrowings from the English language and creating computer terms with the help of translation have been shown. The influence of the globalization process on the Ukrainian language has been analyzed. The assessment of the other languages influences especially Russian and English on the Ukrainian language has been given in the article.

Толковые словари лингвистической терминологии в восточнославянских странах: сравнительный анализ

Author(s): Vyacheslav Shcherbin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 21/2014

Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian dictionaries of linguistic terms (DLT) are considered in the article. General and specific elements in register, micro-, macro-, and megastructural characteristics of the most significant explanatory DLT of Eastern Slavic languages are singled out. The perspectives of further development of Eastern Slavic explanatory lexicography of linguistic terminology are defined. It is concluded that a much higher informational level of analysis of the metalanguage of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian linguistics can only be reached if a combined explanatory dictionary of Eastern Slavic linguistic terminology is created by mutual efforts of lexicographers and terminologists of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.

ТРАКИЯ И ИНДОЕВРОПЕЙСКИТЕ МИГРАЦИОННИ ХИПОТЕЗИ (ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕН АСПЕКТ)

Author(s): Svetlana Yanakieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

The genetic link between the different groups of languages in the Indo-European linguistic family ever since the dawn of comparative linguistics generated the search for the Indo-European original homeland and for the migration itineraries of the tribes, which resulted in the situation whereby the Indo-European languages and peoples occupied its present huge territory. The paper notes briefly the four main hypotheses on the localisation of the Indo-European original homeland and their corresponding migration paths. In all those hypotheses the Balkan Peninsula is either the focus of the migrational processes, or an important element in them. Therefore, the available data on the Thracian linguistic space, which will be examined, should be taken into consideration in spite of their scarcity (predominantly onomastic evidence) in the ongoing attempts to find a solution to the issue.

Трансфер и интерференция при изучаването на български език като чужд от славяни

Author(s): Elena Krejcová / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2017

The linguistic phenomena we encounter in teaching Bulgarian as a foreign language are focused not only on the field of psycholinguistics, but also to the vast field of applied linguistics and linguistic pragmatics. Having on mind the genetic proximity between Slavic languages and the specific difficulties in studying them, we focus our attention on a not so typical linguistic interference, namely between very close – Slavic – languages, one of them is a mother, first language. In the proces of teaching of Bulgarian as a foreign language of Slavs even greater role has the comparative and confrontational analysis, because the aim is to highlight the differences between Bulgarian and other closely related languages that can be a prerequisite for any errors, distortions arising from language contacts observed by us in this specific psycholinguistic situation. The text reflects the problems of tranfer and interference between Czech and Bulgarian in the proces of their study. There are some defenitions of the proces of transfer and interference from psycholinguistical point of view and then language material with examples of the interference in the process of translation.

У ПОШУКАХ ВЛАСНОГО ЧАСОПРОСТОРУ. ХРОНОТОП ПОДОРОЖІ У ТВОРЧОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ І ПОЛЬСЬКИХ ПИСЬМЕННИЦЬ

Author(s): Myroslava Krupka / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2014

Comparative analysis of novels Field Work in Ukrainian Sex by Oxana Zabuzhko and Runners by Olga Tokarchuk is within the scope of the reseacher’s interest in the article. The theme of a journey is in the centre of study; interpreted in the categories of existential search and revealed through the concepts of language, history, motherland, nation, family and home. The conclusion is related to the similarity of using of the image of a journey as a pattern of self-identification in contemporary Ukrainian and Polish literature.

Убери руки, а то протянешь ноги: свободные словосочетания vs идиомы

Author(s): Pavel Dronov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2016

The article deals with a corpus-based case study of two somatic/gesture/movement idioms containing the constituent legs, namely Russian protânut’ nogi (to die) and English to stretch one’s legs (to walk around and loosen one’s leg muscles after sitting down or lying down for a time). Using the Russian National Corpus, the Corpus of Contemporary American English, and British National Corpora, the author has studied the idiom modifications, variations of their figurative meanings, as well as has raised the question of cultural specificity regarding the choice of their underlying metaphors. The author has arrived at a number of conclusions, most notably at the following: the more transparent and obvious the connection between the two and the original gesture is, the more often homonymous free wordgroups occur, being virtually identical for the two languages in spite of the differences between the original metaphors. One has to bear in mind, however, that despite the presence of a connection between a somatic/ gesture/movement idiom and its original gesture or movement, this connection sometimes may not seem obvious to a speaker. The data of text corpora have revealed that the idiom to stretch one’s legs is more common in British English rather than in its American counterpart; however, the homonymous free word-group is more frequent in the corpora regardless of the language variety.

Увод в славянския партоцентризъм

Отражение на буржоазната партийност в сръбската и българската литература от края на ХIХ до началото на ХХ век

Author(s): Panayot Karagyozov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

This article defines the term “partocentrism” and offers an overview of the depictions of the political parties in Bulgarian and Serbian literature at the turn of the 20th century. As Bulgaria and Serbia regained their political independence in the 19th century, they transitioned from Ottoman absolutism to constitutional monarchy. This transition switched the Bulgarian and Serbian people’s focus from the ethnic group to the political party system and thus created new communal loyalties that divided the Bulgarian and Serbian societies. The new parties took a central place not only in political, but also in literary life. The Bulgarian and Serbian writers promptly recognized the importance of the emerging partocentrism and subjected the bourgeois political parties and partisanship to scrutinizing critique.

УКРАЇНСЬКЕ ПОРІВНЯЛЬНЕ ЛІТЕРАТУРОЗНАВСТВО 20-х РОКІВ: МІЖ РЕЛІКТАМИ ПОЗИТИВІСТСЬКИХ УЯВЛЕНЬ І ТИПОЛОГІЄЮ

Author(s): Ljudmyla Grycyk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2014

In the article on the basis of the researches by Kolessa, Fylypovych and Krymskyj the main trends in the development of comparative literature in the 1920s are examined. Those scientists represent different directions and methods of comparative literature. The most important of them have contributed to the development of this literary discipline in the 20th century.

Универсальные представления о человеке и мире в семантике соматических фразеологизмов с компонентом рус. нога, лтш. kāja, лит. koja

Author(s): Tatjana Stoikova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 74/2016

Based on the comparative-typological analysis, the article considers the ideas of Russians and Balts about the person and the world imprinted in the semantics of phraseological units with the somatizm foot in the Russian, Latvian and Lithuanian languages. The results of the research show that these cultural ideas of the world and the person first cover different aspects of the person’s life (physical and emotional states, character, behavior, the relation to the world and so on) as well as the main categories of the world (space and its organization, time, movement, etc.); secondly, a considerable part of these representations is universal for Russians and Balts. The majority of these universal ideas about the person and the world are structured by a certain set of universal oppositions into which fit equivalent Russian and Baltic somatic phraseological units.

Упитне реченице фразеологизиране структуре у руском и српскохрватском језику

Author(s): Radovan Trajkovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/1989

В настоящей работе рассматриваются вопросительные предложении фразеологизированной структуры м их сербскохорватские эквиваленты. Исследование проведено на материале литературных произведений советских и югославских писателей, причём собрано 3650 вопросительных предложений. В работе особенное внимание уделяется вопросительным предложениям фразеологизировэнной структуры, в состав которых входят вопросительные слова: что, как, где и почему. Результаты исселдования показывают, что русские вопросительные предложения фразеологизированной структуры нельзя переводить на сербскохорватский язык дословно. Им в сербскохорватском языке соответствуют предложения свободной структуры.

Условное наклонение в “простой мове” Евангелия В. Тяпинского около 1580 г.

Author(s): Ekaterina Smirnova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 60/2015

This study traces the evolution of conditionals in the Ruthenian literary language basing on V. Tjapinski’s Gospel, printed around the year of 1580 (further on TG). The Ruthenian language evolves from a living language and changes together with it. Here I dwell upon the variation of the conditional. The article represents the reconstructed paradigms with different variants of the use of conditionals in TG. A table shows the use of language models, analogous to Polish, in the Ruthenian language. The verb forms that emerged under the Polish influence are rare in TG and the most distant from the Old Russian language

УСТНОЕ НАРОДНОЕ ТВОРЧЕСТВО КАК ВАЖНЫЙ ФАКТОР В OБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ И ВОСПИТАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ПОДРАСТАЮЩЕГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ

Author(s): Izzet Efendiyev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 07/2013

In this article, is defined types of oral folk creativity, the parallels between them in Russian, Turkish and Azerbaijani languages and distinguishing characteristics are determined; is emphasized the role and importance of folklore education and upbringing of the younger generation.

Устойчивите сравнения като стереотипни магически ситуации: водата като природна стихия

Author(s): Ekaterina Struganova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 17/2019

In this article I make a review of the proverbial comparisons from the semantic field “natural elements” and track their connections to the stereotypes in thinking. Stereotypes I define according to E. S. Kubryakova’s “Short dictionary of the cognitive terms”. I want to understand, how in the formation and functioning of the proverbial comparisons is represented folk culture, primarily, ritual and ritual comparison. A lot of in¬formation give us proverbial comparisons, connected with water. As an example here I can state a custom of making kurban near the river, so that the blood of the animal would flow into it. This is made so that the milk of other animals flows like water, to have it a lot (Sofijsko). We can also state the expression “let it go like with water” and the rituals to pour water in front of someone, so that everything goes right (especially in time of the initiation). Also, to clarify this topic I include analyses of the spells, where the analogy between the illness or the symptoms, or the curing process and the outer world is vivid. For example, if someone wants to get rid of the warts, he or she cuts the stick and places them in the river, so that it takes them away together with the warts (Sofijsko, Dolni Lozen).

Утицај европске културе на језичку слику света говорника српског, француског и италијанског језика (на примеру фразема са кулинарском компонентом)

Author(s): Jovana Marceta / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 48/2017

In this paper we analyse Serbian, French and Italian idioms comprising the culinary terminology as their component (lexemes that denote groceries (e.g. apple, egg), certain types of meals (e.g. goulash), meat products (e.g. sausage) and other culinary products (e.g. bread)). The aim is to observe the influence of the European culture on phraseolog ical meaning as well as to determine the lexical and semantic similarities and differences of the chosen idioms by using comparative-contrastive analysis. We classified the idioms into four groups according to their origin: 1) idioms of biblical origin, 2) idioms rooted in mythology, legends and anecdotes, 3) idioms originating from fables and 4) idioms of uncertain origin. We noticed that, despite the different national cultures and different lan guage groups (French and Italian are Romance languages, while Serbian is Slavic lan guage), the majority of the chosen idioms that were influenced by European culture are lexical and semantic equivalents in the three languages, which indicates the similar met aphorical manner of thinking of the three nations. However, the results of our research also show that certain idioms can be found in just one or two languages due to the influ ence of different historical and sociolinguistic factors on the observed languages. Addi tionally, some of the idioms are semantic, but not lexical equivalents.

Утицај енглеског језика на савремени француски језик

Author(s): Ana M. Vujovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 13/2016

The aim of the paper is to present the current influence English has on French, as well as the point to which the increasing use of English is superseding all other languages in daily scientific, economic and trade communication. The changes that are detected in contemporary French under the influence of English are illustrated through several examples. These changes mostly appear in the field of lexic, whereas morphosyntactic changes are slight. Research shows that English is used less in business communication than commonly believed, and that members of the middle class and those with a secondary education are more prone to be proud of their ability to speak English than the wealthier and highly educated ones respectively. Another idea discussed in the paper is that many speakers of French see this influence as an attack on their language and cultural identity, whereas others see it as a natural phase in the development of every language and an opportunity to enrich a language.