Albansko-srpskohrvatske jezičke studije

Author(s): Idriz Ajeti / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 8/1970

Même actuellement, les études concernant les rapports albano-slaves ne font pas l’objet d’une synthèse, elles n’amorcent toujours que le début. Dans les rangs, d’ailleurs restreints, de ceux qui s’occupent des rechercher concernant les rapports albano-slaves, se trouve aussi l’auteur de ce travail qui publia ces dernières années les études suivantes: «Les rapports linguistiques entre l’albanais et le serbe«, Bulletin des études scientifiques de la Faculté des lettres de Prishtina, (1963); »Contribution à l’étude des rapports linguistiques entre l’albanais et le serbe«. Recherches albanologiques (2 Prishtinë 1965); «Études lexicologiques albano- -slaves». Recherches albanologiques- (2, 1968) etc... Cette fois-ci, l’auteur a pour l’objet de ses études quelques résultats auquels il est parvenu les derniers temps. Il parle d’une expression balkanique particulièrement discutable; il s’agit du mot magar que l’on rencontre dans la langue albanaise aussi bien que dans les autres langues balkaniques. Le mot en question apporte un nouveau matériel qui concerne en particulier la langue albanaise. L’auteur tâche d’illustrer et de parvenir à l’origine du mot Ber; c’est le nom d’ un village dans la région de Leshan du Monténégro; le mot en question l’auteur le met en rapport avec l’appellatif du mot albanais b e r r (mounton ou brébis, bouc ou chèvre). Ensuite l’auteur traite le toponyme Brinje qu’on rencontre si souvent dans de différentes zones du Monténégro. Dans le domaine de la toponymie du Monténégro, l’auteur traite surtout le toponyme Shaljeza que l’on rencontre également dans le territoire de l’Albanie Shalë - z a ; l’auteur mentionne les mots Štek, Steci, Zaštek; ensuite le nom Rogami ; Suka, Gropa: il remarque ensuite le toponyme Shestan. L’objet de ses études est ici particulièrement quelques appellatifs propres à l’albanais aussi qu’au langage serbe des parlers monténégrins: djekalica, djekarica, djekna, djekati, djekanje correspondant à l’albanais gjëkim, gjëkoj . On étudie ensuite le mot djola = vrtača, en albanais gjollë = «où l’on donne à manger le sel aux bêtes». Dans la zone de la Kosovo le verbe êknuti = frapper, taper, battre, heurter, lancer violemment, que l’on rencontre dans les dialectes serbes se rapporte aux verbes albanais hjek, hek, me hjekë. Dans le domaine de la terminologie pastorale l’auteur indique l’appellatif përc, serb. prë. On traite le mot dega. tise, degam se = svadjati se, glasno se prepirati , alb. degatem ; degame . On fait la recherche du verbe dešati se, prés dešam se qui veut dire se rencontrer avec qqn.; sresti se, naći se; en albanais on rencontre: ndesh, meundeshë . L’auteur s’occupe de l’origine du mot kërcu - ri, kërcu - niet du roum. et serbocr. cräciun, kraëun.

Algirdo Landsbergio kritika: lietuvių–lenkų kultūrų dialogas

Author(s): Laimute Adomaviciene / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 35(40)/2019

Algirdas Landsbergis (1924–2004) was one of the few critics whose erudition, creative intentions, comparative education, language proficiency and international competence and activities, provided opportunities to transcend the boundaries of the Lithuanian literature, avoiding the “provinciality” of literature. The article analyses the critique of Landsbergis literature and theatre-related to Polish culture. The chosen research of this part of the criticism texts is innovative because it has not been studied in more detail. The critic’s mission – to evaluate the Polish and Lithuanian literature in the context of Central-Eastern Europe – is highlighted in the criticism articles, reviews and annotations published in 1969–1998. The analysis of criticism texts allowed to highlight the dialogue between Lithuanian and Polish literature and cultures. In criticism relating to Polish culture, here viewed the latest works by Polish-speaking writers, mostly their translations, in order to evaluate the aesthetic value, structure, style of the work, to describe the writer’s growth, the place of his work in the context of peer-reviewed author’s creative works or in Polish literature (the basis of comparison is the Lithuanian literature or literature of other Middle East European countries). In this way, the critic performed an educational mission – introducing the addressee (a Lithuanian emigrant and Lithuanian behind the Iron Curtain) to the situation of the Middle East European region or the world culture, and literature; encouraged to resist the Soviet regime.

Alternatiivseid etümoloogiaid I

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 60/2014

The article presents alternative etymologies for the Estonian words koost ‘(wooden) spoon’ and kaugas ‘men’s shirt breast with a double waist, used as a pocket; wallet’ and the Northern Finnic word represented by Finnish kaukalo ‘trough’. The word koost is found primarily on the western Estonian islands. Julius Mägiste has proposed a Russian etymology for it, as a borrowing based on *kopusta ‘mixing tool’. Mägiste’s Russian etymology presumes the phonological development chain *kopusta > *koβusta > *kovosta > koost, proposed specifically for this case, which is implausible. Koost is most likely of Baltic origin, from a loan base the successors of which are lithuanian kaũstė / kaustė̃ ‘vessel hollowed out from a tree trunk, drinking horn’, latvian kaũšķins ‘ladle’ etc. Upon its borrowing, the Baltic au was replaced by ou, which later developed into a long ō. this kind of substitution and phonological development is characteristic of livonian, where vowels are in quantitative and mostly also qualitative paradigmatic alternation, including ou : ō. The borrowing has presumably come to Estonian via Livonian, where it is no (longer) recorded. Although the presumed Baltic loan base lacks phonological features of diagnostic value, the word’s geographical distribution indicates that it could have been borrowed from Curonian. The proposed connection between kaugas ‘men’s shirt breast with a double waist, used as a pocket; wallet’ and latvian kabata ‘pocket’ requires a remarkably complicated phonological adaptation for a relatively recent borrowing and is unconvincing. kaugas is most likely an older Baltic loan, having originated from the stem *kauk-, the possible Indo-European archetype of which is *(s)keu- / *kou- ‘to make curved, curved, hollow, cavity’ and/or *(s)keu- ‘to cover (up), wrap (up)’. The members of this large and diverse Baltic word family include Lithuanian káukė ‘mask, face cover, gas mask’, kiáuklas / kiáukutas ‘cover, shell’, káukė ‘mortar, wooden ladle, dish, basin etc.’, kaukẽlė ‘wooden dish’ and others. kaugas does not denote a pocket on a garment in today’s meaning. A pocket woven/sewn into a piece of clothing is a sufficiently new phenomenon that the Baltic loan base could not possibly have carried that meaning. Among the oldest forerunners of pockets was a piece of skin, which could be pulled with the aid of a sheep-split into the shape of a small round bag or purse. In this context, derivations of the *kauk- stem such as káukė and kiáuklas / kiáukutas can be seen to fit in the semantic field of the loan base. Estonian words for ‘pocket’ such as tasku, vikk, 231 kalits, kulit etc. have been borrowed into estonian on the basis of words in other languages denoting pockets. Kaugas is not among them, as it belongs to a much earlier loanword stratum. The Baltic loan base *kaukāl- / *kaukōl- ‘vessel hollowed out from a tree trunk’, the successor of which is e.g. lithuanian kaukẽlė ‘wooden dish’ has been borrowed into Finnic as *kaukal-: Salaca livonian kougil, Karelian koùgõl ‘kneading trough’, votic kaukalo / kaukolo ‘trough hollowed out of wood’, Finnish kaukalo ‘trough’ etc. the sequence -Vl in these Finnic words is the representation of the loan base’s productive deverbal affix *āl- / *ōl-, one of the essential meanings of which is conveying the result of an action. An earlier explanation held kaukalo and its equivalents to be derived from the stem kauka-‘distant, far, for a long time’, on the basis of the fact that kaukalo denotes an oblong vessel. This is, however, merely a folk etymology. The Baltic loan base contains a reference to the way in which such vessels were made.

Alternatiivseid etümoloogiaid II

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 61/2015

The article presents alternative etymologies for the estonian words hangeldama ‘to traffic in, speculate’ and nurg : nuru ‘blicca bjoerkna’. In Estonian etymological literature, it is claimed that the German borrowing hangeldama ‘to buy up and sell at a profit, to traffic in, speculate’ (< German handeln ‘to trade’) has undergone a phonological replacement likely on the example of hankima ‘to procure, obtain’. However, the secondary -ng- in the place of the expected -nd- is observed in a number of other borrowings, which suggests that this is a widespread optional replacement. the article gives examples of this replacement in other borrowings, such as angel ‘part of the wheel and axle of an anchor, a well, or similar, around which the wheel and axle is rotated’ – andel(i) id., cf. Low German, Dutch handel ‘handhold’, German Hantel ‘handhold’ etc. the ng / nd variation appears in native stems with a particular phonological structure, with overlapping or very similar fields of meaning, e.g. kangla : kan´gla, kangli: kan´gli – kandla : kan´dla / kandle, kandli : kan´dli ‘armpit’ and others. the nk / ng : nt / nd variation is typical of onomatopoetic/descriptive stems with over- lapping or very similar fields of meaning, e.g. põngerjas – põnder / põnderjas / põnderlas ‘brat, small child’: põng(e)- and others. In Estonian etymological literature, it is claimed that the origin of the fish nurg : nuru ‘blicca bjoerkna’ is unclear. this name is quite widespread. Also recorded is the variant stem nurr, nurra- : nurrakala. Wiedemann’s dictionary also gives the variant nuuru-k[ala], which has not been recorded in later collections of dialect data. the article draws attention to the Latvian name ņura for the loach (Nemachilus barbatus), which Latvian fish name researcher Benita Laumane regards as a borrowing, from Estonian nurg. in many languages, the names for loaches include numerous variants deriving from the notion of “beard”, in reference to the barbels around the fish’s mouth. There is no doubt that the Latvian nura, of estonian origin, also has its roots in this idea, assuming an etymological connection between estonian nurg and the word family nurrud, nurru-, nurri-, nuru- and nuri/karvad ‘whiskers, moustache’. This Estonian word family derives from the German loan base Schnurr, which appears in e.g. the compound word Schnurrbart ‘whiskers, moustache’. German Schnurrbart also denotes the fish Enchelyopus cimbrius or Gadus cimbricus, belonging to the cod family. In the Latvian name ņura ‘loach’, the word-initial consonant cluster has been reduced to a single consonant, indicating that this is an indirect loan via Estonian, not a direct loan from German. This loanword is interesting, because it demonstrates that Estonian nurr / nurg could at some point have been used to refer to the loach or some other type of fish with “whiskers”. The article also draws attention to the fact that the -g in the variant nurg is non-etymological, having developed by way of proportional analogy, e.g. urg : uru = x : nuru. Non-etymological -g after r is found in Estonian in e.g. kiirg : kiira ‘crown (of the head); nape; frontal bone’, neerg ‘kidney’, suhkarg ‘dried bread, rusk’.

Alternatiivseid etümoloogiaid III nuuter ja pess

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 62/2016

The article presents an alternative etymology for the words nuuter ‘cabbage root inflammation’ and pess ‘tree sponge, tinder’. The word nuutra ~ nuutri and nuutõrn(as) ~ nuudõrna, denoting a root disease in cabbage, is a dialect word restricted to southeastern Estonia. It has been documented in lexicographical sources beginning with Wiedemann’s dictionary. Osmo Nikkilä has conjectured that nuutra is a Scandinavian loanword; however, this is implausible simply due to the fact that the word is only found in southeastern Estonia, not elsewhere in the country. The loan base is more likely the Russian dialect word нутерь, нутир resp. нутр ‘(human or animal) internal organs; disease of internal organs; heart, core (of the fruit of a tree or plant)’, compare also the derivation нутрéц ‘(human or animal) cryptorchidism; hernia; parasitic intestinal worm; caterpillar, maggot, larva (in the fruit of a plant)’. The form nuudõrna and other similar forms recorded in addition to nuutra in the etomaa region, point to a repeated borrowing from a synonymous loan base, the Russian dialect word нутри́на́. The phonological substitution is unproblematic even if the у in the loan base is unstressed, since an initially unstressed vowel may lengthen when the word is borowed and the stress moves to the first syllable of the word. The word nuuter denoting a root disease in cabbage was introduced into the terminology of plant protection most likely in the late 1920s. The word pess, found in South Estonian-speaking regions (including language islands), along with its phonological variant päss, denotes primarily a birch sponge and/or the flammable material prepared from it, i.e. tinder. The past hundred years have seen several different scholarly opinions regarding the origin of pess ~ päss, but no convincing etymology has yet been found. The Finnish researcher Heikki Ojansuu has supposed that pess is a South Estonian word, the original form of which was *peksä, from which have derived päks, -e ‘egg-shaped bone tumor, ringbone (disease in horses)’, luu-päks ‘anklebone’ and päss, -a ‘thicker end, button etc.; thumb’, Estonian päkk: päka ‘boletus’ and päkk : päka ‘bump, protuberance (in the palm near the thumb, on the inner side of the front of the foot, on the hoof) etc.; thumb’. Andrus Saareste, however, believed that the word shares a root with the South Estonian verb pesmä. Julius Mägiste has repeated the claims of previous researchers regarding the possible common origin of pess and South Estonian pesmä, which in his opinion would confirm the expression tuld peksma ‘to strike fire’ recorded on Saaremaa. More recently, the etymology of pess has been discussed by the Finnish etymologist Eino Koponen, who considers the relationship with the verb pesmä implausible, because pess denotes tinder growing on trees, which has not yet been prepared for use in lighting a fire. A more believable etymological explanation, offering a better semantic justification for the name, is that the word is related to the Baltic pinti word family. The possible loan base of South Estonian pess is the Eastern Latvian pìesa2, piêsis ‘tinder’, the older Baltic equivalents of which are (Eastern) Lithuanian péntis as well as pìntis, pintìs, pintė ‘gnarls growing on rotting trees, fungus, tinder (Fomes); water-dwelling sponge (Spongia)’ and oPr pintys ‘tinder’. This Baltic word is related to the Lithuanian verb pìnti (pẽna ~ pìnti, pýnė), Latvian pît (pin, pina) ‘to plait, braid, interlace’. A Latvian etymology presupposes the replacement of a diphthong with a monophthong; there are indeed some plausible examples of this in words borrowed into South Estonian from Baltic/Latvian. The phonological variant päss, with the vowel ä, represents a secondary development which took place in the Estonian language context, under the influence of e.g. päss : pässa ‘thicker end, button etc’. Latvian pese, pesis etc is therefore a boomerang loan. The re-borrowing back into Latvian must have occurred rather early, which would explain the word’s wide distribution in northern Latvia and beyond its borders.

ALTERNATIIVSEID ETÜMOLOOGIAID V PERU, VAIBUMA, VELBAS, VIDEVIK, VISTAR JA VÄNGE

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 64/2018

The article presents new or clarified etymological interpretations of the words peru ‘easily startled, skittish, given to bolting (of a horse)’, vaibuma ‘to grow weaker, fade away, die’, velbas ‘sly, crafty (person)’, videvik ‘twilight’, vistar ‘pimple, pustule’ and vänge ‘disgusting, foul (taste)’. Julius Mägiste speculated that Estonian peru : peru ‘easily startled, skittish, given to bolting’ (of a horse); unruly, boisterous, recalcitrant (of a person=’, Votic pero ‘recalcitrant, cunning (of a horse)’, Ingrian pero(i) id. is a derivation with the diminutive suffix *-oi̯ from the noun *perä ‘rear, back part’, which has presumably been abstractified into an adjective from the compound word *peroi̯-he̮poi̯, to “refer to a horse that jolts backward or bolts”.

Amurca, murga, murk во романските и балканските јазици. Од романската и балканската лингвистика, патронимика и топономастика

Author(s): G´org´i Šoptrajanov / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 1/1956

Dans cette étude les formes anturca, murga, murk et celles qui s’y apparentent, sont considérées dans le cadre du développement historique des formes de ce type dans toutes les langues où elles apparaissent, de sorte qu’elles représentent un élément très important dans la linguistique balkanique et dans la géographie linguistique. Elles ont des sens différents et s’emploient tantôt comme substantifs, adjectifs ou verbes, tantôt comme patronymes ou toponymes. Quelques-uns de ces morphèmes, en partie communs à toutes les langues balkaniques, ont développé sur le territoire lingustique macédonien de nouvelles formes morphologiques et ont passé par une transformation phonétique considérable. Ces morphèmes représentent un grand intérêt scientifique non seulement du point de vue phonétique et morphologique, mais aussi du point de vue sémantique. Ces formes, en dehors de leur importance linguistique, présentent aussi un intérêt documentaire , précisément à cause de leur développement sémantique. En effet, il est en rapport étroit avec l’histoire de la civilisation et, plus spécialement, avec l’histoire économique des peuples qui ont adopté leurs formes et leurs sens successifs. Au cours de leur développement, long et complexe, les formes en question, comme les langues qui les ont adoptées, ont passé par différentes phases, ont subi des influences diverses, se sont multipliées morphologiquement quand elles ont rencontré des éléments semblables dans les autres langues, se sont développées sémantiquement dans le cadre social.

An approach to the translation of deontic modality in legal texts. The case of the Polish and English versions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Author(s): Maciej Pawel Jaskot,Agnieszka Wiltos / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2017

The co-existence of twenty-four legal languages in the European Union is guaranteed by the basic principles of EU language policy, stated in its founding treaty. Indeed, every EU citizen has the right to communicate with the EU in the official language of their choice, and to receive a reply in the same language. Such a situation is reflected in legal multilingualism, which presents challenges for both linguists and translators.One of these challenges is the translation of deontic modality. This article focuses on how deontic modality is expressed in the Polish and English versions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The form and usage of modal forms which express deontic possibility (i.e. permission) and deontic necessity (i.e. obligation) are highlighted, as well as the similarities and differences between the two parallel texts. The differences between the modal forms in the two versions of the text have consequences regarding the degree of both the subject’s and addressee’s commitment to norms and regulations.This article aspires to contribute to the study of deontic modal language, which is considered to be one of the central linguistic phenomena most in need of explanation.

An Investigation of Turkish Higher Education EFL Learners’ Linguistic and Lexical Errors

Author(s): Özkan Kirmizi,Birten Karci / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

The aim of the current study is to investigate Turkish EFL learners’ linguistic and lexical errors and their causes. The participants were 30 second year English Language and Literature level students at Karabuk University, Turkey. The students were asked to write an essay about “The Qualities of a Good Language Teacher” as an ordinary English language exercise in the class. As a next step, the essays were collected and analyzed based on the taxonomy of Wakkad (1980) and Tan (2007). Error analysis indicated that the five most common errors were articles, word choice, prepositions, word order and subject-verb agreement. The major causes of these errors were attributable to limited vocabulary, poor grammar knowledge and interference from first language. The analysis also revealed the most common cause of the errors as being L1 interference.

ANADISS

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Romania

The academic journal ANADISS is a biannual publication which comes out at Suceava University Press. On the initiative of the members of the "Discourse Analysis" Research Centre founded in 2005 within the Faculty of Letters and Communication Sciences from "Stefan cel Mare" University, Suceava, the articles and their abstracts are written in French, English, German, Spanish or Italian.

One of the fundamental components of the human existence's dimension is the linguistic one. Language defines the human presence as intensely as the human becoming stabilizes and affirms the language. In the contemporary world, this equilibrium is often fragile.

The present publication proposes the presentation of such contributions, which can sustain the aggrandizement and the establishment of the human-language relation. To this end, our journal's preoccupations gravitate around themes such as: political discourse, text and discursiveness, discourse and didacticism, inter-text - inter-discourse, discourse and society, linguistic imaginary and language dynamics, production and capture of specialty discourses, discursive perspectives and various cultural contexts, knowledge and discourse: discursive and non-discursive practices, inter-text and inter-speech, discourse and society, linguistic imaginary and language dynamics, discourse and identity. We illustrate through these the Saussurian principal according to which "la langue n'est faite qu'en vue du discours", without ignoring its materialization within the text.

Journal Policy: ANADISS is an international journal that accepts for publication reviewed original papers, short communications, reviews and conference proceedings on a broad range of topics of interest for Discourse Analysis, particularly, for Linguistics in general. There are no article processing charges (APC) or article submission charge.

Author's Ownership and Rights: The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retain publishing rights on their materials.

Open Access Policy: ANADISS Journal offers „open access” to published literature. ANADISS Journal assures has free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. ANADISS Journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Open access enables authors to reach a much broader audience, which has the potential to increase the impact of their research. The ANADISS issues are available online for free, without any charge to download or print each article.

Analele Universității ”Dunărea de Jos din Galați, Lexic comun / Lexic specializat

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Romania

Annals of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Fascicle XXIV General Lexicon / Specialized Lexicon is a refereed academic journal of humanities, focused on linguistics, language history, vocabulary and culture, language studies, philology, translation studies, communication studies, cultural history, cultural anthropology, terminology and didactics. The first issue of the journal was published in 2008 by the Faculty of Letters, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati. The journal also publishes the scientific papers which are communicated at the international conference Lexic comun / lexic specializat. General Lexicon / Specialized Lexicon. Lexique commun / Lexique spécialisé which has been hosted by the Faculty of Letters, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati ever since 2008. Even if we are a Romanian journal of linguistics, the editorial board has a wide perspective towards the lexical level of any language, the interest in the movement of ideas in the field of lexicology and lexicography, as well the in the international promotion of the Romanian contributions. For this purpose the paper publication languages should mainly be Romanian, English, French, but contributions in Spanish, German or Italian are also accepted.

Análisis comparativo de la colocación del pronombre átono de 3ª persona en gallego y en rumano.

Author(s): Sonia Sobral Vázquez / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 8/2017

Due to the lack of contrastive grammar studies between Galician and Romanian, with the first being the most western Romanic language ―along with Portuguese― and the second one the eastern one, we elaborated the thesis “Comparative study of the Galician and Romanian pronominal system: the personal pronoun in Os outros feirantes / Alţi tîrgoveţi by Álvaro Cunqueiro”. From the many conclusions that we extracted from this work, this article is born with the aim of showing the divergences and similarities in the placement of the 3rd person pronoun, both in singular and plural, in both languages, in the studied corpus.

Analiza konotacji leksemu miód w zasobach wybranych języków europejskich

Author(s): Joanna Szerszunowicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 17/2017

The aim of the paper is to conduct a contrastive analysis of the connotations of the lexeme HONEY in phraseological units from selected European languages. The units were excerpted from various lexicographic works. The cultural significance of honey is discussed briefly to shed light on its function in the Mediterranean cultures. The connotation of the name are divided into three categories: I – based on objective features, II – resulting from objective characteristics, mostly sweetness, III – further associations. The phraseological units are analyzed within the framework of this division, so that it could be determined which connotations are employed in particular languages.

Analiza pragmatyczna leksemu właśnie i jego odpowiedników w języku rosyjskim i angielskim

Author(s): Artur Czapiga / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 14/2014

The article presents the analysis of Polish lexeme właśnie and its Russian and English equivalents – the latter ones being excerpted on the basis of research conducted in bilingual dictionaries. The concept of speech acts remains the theoretical background of the survey, the lexemes are confronted on both – semantic and pragmatic levels in order to reveal their pragmatic functions. The material for pragmatic analysis comes from contemporary literary works – which on the level of text analysis are treated in the present paper as equal to the spoken discourse. It occurs that the lexemes under investigation form expanded material which despite its volume shows little diversity. Although only relatively small portion of utterances realise a pragmatic function (in terms of Awdiejew), due to their popularity one gets a considerable number of such examples. The most frequent types of those functions agree in all the three languages.

ANALYSE CONTRASTIVE DE LA RÉDUPLICATION EN FRANÇAIS STANDARD ET EN FRANÇAIS DE CÔTE D’IVOIRE

Author(s): Maurice Ludovic Assemou / Language(s): French / Issue: 30/2018

À l’image du français standard dont il est dérivé, le français de Côte d’Ivoire exploite la réduplication, un phénomène morphologique dont l’usage dans la plupart des langues est loin d’être fortuit. Ainsi, tout comme dans la langue standard, en français de Côte d’Ivoire la réduplication contribue à la construction de sens que les formes simples des lexèmes n’ont pas. Mais, de nombreuses différences surgissent entre la langue standard et sa variété locale utilisée comme langue véhiculaire, dès lors qu’il s’agit d’analyser les différentes catégories concernées par la réduplication, les valeurs construites et les contraintes qui s’appliquent à ce phénomène. L’analyse révèle, par ailleurs, que la réduplication en français de Côte d’Ivoire est moins le fait d’une similitude avec la langue standard que d’une marque symptomatique de l’influence des langues du substrat.

ANALYSE CONTRASTIVE FLE/ TACHELHIT : LE CAS DES PREPOSITIONS DIAGNOSTIC DES DIFFICULTÉS ET REMÉDIATIONS DIDACTIQUES

Author(s): Moulay Mohamed Tarnaoui / Language(s): French / Issue: 30/2018

Le Maroc demeure un pays de la diversité, de l’ouverture et de l’interculturel. Le champ de la production symbolique est marqué par une pluralité de codes linguistiques et culturels qui se sont succédé depuis belle lurette. Partant de la situation linguistique et culturelle qui caractérise le pays, les chercheurs explorent la dimension plurilinguistique et pluriculturelle. Dans cette hétérogénéité linguistique, les interférences restent un phénomène incontournable. L’intérêt de cet article est de mettre en relief la déviation interférentielle relative aux prépositions qui peut être considérée en milieu institutionnel comme stratégie d’apprentissage grâce à l’approche contrastive entre le français, première langue étrangère au Maroc et le tachelhit, langue maternelle des apprenants.

ANALYSE DES INTERFÉRENCES LINGUISTIQUES CHEZ DES APPRENANTS GAMBIENS DE FRANÇAIS LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE (FLE) : POUR UNE APPROCHE DE LA LINGUISTIQUE CONTRASTIVE

Author(s): Ndèye Maty Paye / Language(s): French / Issue: 29/2018

Les interférences constituent les premières hypothèses émises par l’apprenant dans son appropriation d`un nouveau système linguistique. Elles sont réalisées par analogie et /ou habitude prise en langue source. Elles révèlent ainsi le degré de maîtrise de la compétence en langue cible. A cet effet, notre contribution examine les interférences produites par des apprenants gambiens du français langue étrangère en analysant leurs productions écrites pour assurer une meilleure pédagogie de l`erreur, armer l`enseignant de stratégies d`intervention de prévention et d`anticipation des coquilles. Les questions posées par notre travail sont les suivantes : quelles sont les types d’erreurs commises par nos apprenants ? L’analyse des erreurs est-elle positive ou négative pour la didactique du français langue étrangère ? Nous tenterons de répondre à ces questions en interpellant les concepts de : Linguistique contrastive, erreurs, fautes, interférence, interlangue, norme, insécurité linguistique, au cours de notre développement.

Analysis of the Concept of cmpax // fear and Associated Actions in Russian and their Translation into Spanish

Author(s): Irina V. VOTYAKOVA,Enrique Federico Quero Gervilla / Language(s): English / Issue: 34/2019

Translation in cognitive linguistics is a point of intersection and a means of communication and interpretation between cultures. Currently, the studies which are carried out in the sphere of cognitive linguistics acquire significance due to their interdisciplinary character. This is because of the fact that their results are applicable to diverse fields, particularly in research on translation, as they present the issue of concept transfer, which construes complex mental categories. In this article, we are going to carry out a parallel analysis of the concepts страх // fear in Russian and miedo // fear in Spanish with a view to addressing two issues: 1) the translation of the noun страх into Spanish, and 2) the translation of actions associated with this noun.

Anaphores argumentatives. Entre l’axe sémantico-pragmatique et l’axe rhétorico-discursif

Author(s): Françoise Collinet / Language(s): French / Issue: 28/2016

This paper focuses on two questions. Firstly, how the use of argumentative anaphora to express an opinion / truth dissociation (Perelman) should be described in terms of grammatical / lexical resources. The other question has a methodological dimension: in which aspects could this approach distinguish itself from linguistic or discursive studies?

Anglų kalbos tekstų kompiuterinio vertimo į lietuvių kalbą technologijos

Author(s): Marius Žemaitis,Bronius Tamulynas,Gediminas Misevicius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2002

The article gives short overview of language processing technology and focuses on developing the computer-based translation (CBT) from English to Lithuanian. Details of direct, transfer and interlingua translation principles and its application for English-Lithuanian translation problem are discussed. Common machine translation models are presented and conceptual hierarchical model for CBT system from English to Lithuanian is proposed. According to the CBT model paradigm a system for specialized English translation into Lithuanian is created. It includes user interface, virtual dictionary, text prasing, translation engine and several modules of knowledge sources. Direct translation strategy with some transfer elements of syntactic sentence groups is used. It allows implementing better translation quality for more complicated sources. The features of the first version of CBT is presented .