Ako vníma materinský jazyk slovenská mládež v Maďarsku a na Slovensku? (Etnolingvistická reflexia)

Author(s): Mária Homišinová / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2015

The intention of this paper is to present the empirical research results of the Slovak youth lingual-communication behavior in Slovakia and Hungary, whereas this research work was performed in both countries in the year 2010. Expressions of a spoken form of the Slovak language were investigated in surroundings which are typical for the application of the written language as a form of a social contact in school: with friends, peers, and in the family. The referential framework of this paper consists of three levels of analysis: 1. the analysis of communication skills in Slovak and Hungarian; 2. the analysis of the evaluation of life values; 3. the correlation of these parameters: language communication skills versus the perception of ethnic values (mother tongue).

Aktywność słowotwórcza a zjawisko zapożyczeń na przykładzie czasowników dwuaspektowych (w ujęciu polsko-słowackim)

Author(s): Halina Mieczkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 50/2015

The conducted analysis of dual aspect verbs (based on selected linguistic material) and contrasting them with the state observed a quarter or half century ago do not show interdependencies between the existence of the group of genetically foreign dual aspect verbs – which are very limited and virtually relic in Polish but definitely more frequent in Slovakian – and a strong trend for word borrowing. On the contrary, the observed linguistic increase in prefixed oppositional units of perfective aspect indicates that more significant impact on their development and functioning is exerted by the established word formation technique as well as the lexical and grammatical structure of the native language.

Akvizityviniai veiksmažodžiai gauti ir tekti senuosiuose XVI–XVII a. lietuvių kalbos raštuose

Author(s): Erika Jasionytė-Mikučionienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 67/2015

The present paper deals with the verbs gauti ‘get’ and tekti ‘be gotten’ as a means of acquisitive modality in the 16th–17th century texts of Old Lithuanian. The realizations of acquisitive modality in Old Lithuanian have not been examined yet. Thus, the aim of the paper is to explore the use of the verbs gauti ‘get’ and tekti ‘be gotten’ in the selected Old Lithuanian texts and to discuss the potential direction of the development of their modal meanings. The study of the Old Lithuanian writings shows that both verbs gauti ‘get’ and tekti ‘be gotten’ are most frequently used as non-modal verbs in Old Lithuanian. The verb gauti ‘get’ typically comes in personal constructions, while the verb tekti ‘be gotten’ appears in impersonal as well as personal constructions. The Lithuanian verbs under consideration denote acquisition in the constructional patterns with NP as their grammatical object. However, the thorough analysis of the verbs in the selected texts also reveals evidence of their modal use. The modal meanings of the verbs under study are prominent in constructions with an infinitival complement. Both acquisitive verbs allow modal readings with transitive as well as intransitive verb complements. Gauti ‘get’ functions as a modal verb more frequently than tekti ‘be gotten’. The few modal instances of the latter have been found only in non-original texts. Moreover, the verb tekti ‘be gotten’ can express participant-external modality only (possibility or necessity). However, since the examples of modal tekti ‘be gotten’ come from the translations from Polish, the influence of the source language should not be overlooked. In contrast, the verb gauti ‘get’ functions as a modal verb in both original and non-original Lithuanian texts, and it expresses actualized possibility, participant-internal and participant-external possibility. It was noticed that the participant-external use is more frequent than the participant-internal one. Since in Contemporary Lithuanian gauti ‘get’ is specialized for expressing participant-external modality, we may assume that participant-internal possibility might have disappeared over time. It is also worth to note that in the texts under analysis gauti ‘get’ does not display the modal meaning of necessity, which is a frequent use of the verb in Contemporary Lithuanian. Thus, its meaning of modal necessity may have developed later than the meaning of possibility. Moreover, it has been observed that gauti ‘get’ typically occurs as a modal verb in the texts published in Minor Lithuania.

Albanian Etymological Notes (Balkan Etymologies 146—185)*

Author(s): Vladimir Orel / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/1996

Albanisch, Romanisch und Rumänisch

Author(s): Henrik Barić / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/1956

Seit der Wendung, die in den albanischen Sprachstudien dank Pedersens gründlicher Revision der Meyer’schen Auffassung, dass das Albanische eine halbromanische Sprache sei, eingetreten und der Leitsatz für das Albanische Erklärungsmöglichkeiten in erster Linie im Albanischen selbst zu suchen zum völligen Durchbruch gekommen ist, gilt die linguistische Erforschung auf diesem Gebiete in der Hauptsache seinem indogermanischen Grundstock. [...]

Albanische und Albanisch-Rumänische Wortstudien

Author(s): Henrik Barić / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/1961

Alb. akól »Diener, Knappe« kann bestimmt nicht mit G. Meyer , Wörterb. der alb. Spr. 6 zu anklingendem, aus dem südslav, okolo »ringsherum« entlehntem alb. akole, okol gestellt werden; mögen auch die beiden Bedeutungen durch die semantische Zwischenstufe in griech. »circumversans« vermitteln, entschieden spricht gegen diese Zusammenstellung der Unterschied in den l-Lauten: bei okol ein l, bei akól ein l-Laut. [...]

Albanistika u radovima jugoslovenskih naučnika i neki njeni problemi

Author(s): Idriz Ajeti / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 17/1978

Ovaj kratak pregled onoga što je postignuto u jugoslovenskoj albanistici obuhvata period od kraja prošlog veka do naših dana. A to je vreme kada indoevropske komparativne studije uzimaju snažan zamah po evropskim lingvističkim središtima. Interesovanje za albanološke lingvističke probleme može se pratiti u radovima pojedinih jugoslovenskih naučnika koji u svojim naučnim prilozima posebnu pažnju poklanjaju albanološkim problemima, ističući pri tom osobenosti arbanaškog jezika, koji igra značajnu ulogu u razrešavanju brojnih ključnih pitanja u balkanskoj lingvistici. [...]

Albansko-srpskohrvatske jezičke studije

Author(s): Idriz Ajeti / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 8/1970

Même actuellement, les études concernant les rapports albano-slaves ne font pas l’objet d’une synthèse, elles n’amorcent toujours que le début. Dans les rangs, d’ailleurs restreints, de ceux qui s’occupent des rechercher concernant les rapports albano-slaves, se trouve aussi l’auteur de ce travail qui publia ces dernières années les études suivantes: «Les rapports linguistiques entre l’albanais et le serbe«, Bulletin des études scientifiques de la Faculté des lettres de Prishtina, (1963); »Contribution à l’étude des rapports linguistiques entre l’albanais et le serbe«. Recherches albanologiques (2 Prishtinë 1965); «Études lexicologiques albano- -slaves». Recherches albanologiques- (2, 1968) etc... Cette fois-ci, l’auteur a pour l’objet de ses études quelques résultats auquels il est parvenu les derniers temps. Il parle d’une expression balkanique particulièrement discutable; il s’agit du mot magar que l’on rencontre dans la langue albanaise aussi bien que dans les autres langues balkaniques. Le mot en question apporte un nouveau matériel qui concerne en particulier la langue albanaise. L’auteur tâche d’illustrer et de parvenir à l’origine du mot Ber; c’est le nom d’ un village dans la région de Leshan du Monténégro; le mot en question l’auteur le met en rapport avec l’appellatif du mot albanais b e r r (mounton ou brébis, bouc ou chèvre). Ensuite l’auteur traite le toponyme Brinje qu’on rencontre si souvent dans de différentes zones du Monténégro. Dans le domaine de la toponymie du Monténégro, l’auteur traite surtout le toponyme Shaljeza que l’on rencontre également dans le territoire de l’Albanie Shalë - z a ; l’auteur mentionne les mots Štek, Steci, Zaštek; ensuite le nom Rogami ; Suka, Gropa: il remarque ensuite le toponyme Shestan. L’objet de ses études est ici particulièrement quelques appellatifs propres à l’albanais aussi qu’au langage serbe des parlers monténégrins: djekalica, djekarica, djekna, djekati, djekanje correspondant à l’albanais gjëkim, gjëkoj . On étudie ensuite le mot djola = vrtača, en albanais gjollë = «où l’on donne à manger le sel aux bêtes». Dans la zone de la Kosovo le verbe êknuti = frapper, taper, battre, heurter, lancer violemment, que l’on rencontre dans les dialectes serbes se rapporte aux verbes albanais hjek, hek, me hjekë. Dans le domaine de la terminologie pastorale l’auteur indique l’appellatif përc, serb. prë. On traite le mot dega. tise, degam se = svadjati se, glasno se prepirati , alb. degatem ; degame . On fait la recherche du verbe dešati se, prés dešam se qui veut dire se rencontrer avec qqn.; sresti se, naći se; en albanais on rencontre: ndesh, meundeshë . L’auteur s’occupe de l’origine du mot kërcu - ri, kërcu - niet du roum. et serbocr. cräciun, kraëun.

Algirdo Landsbergio kritika: lietuvių–lenkų kultūrų dialogas

Author(s): Laimutė Adomavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 35(40)/2019

Algirdas Landsbergis (1924–2004) was one of the few critics whose erudition, creative intentions, comparative education, language proficiency and international competence and activities, provided opportunities to transcend the boundaries of the Lithuanian literature, avoiding the “provinciality” of literature. The article analyses the critique of Landsbergis literature and theatre-related to Polish culture. The chosen research of this part of the criticism texts is innovative because it has not been studied in more detail. The critic’s mission – to evaluate the Polish and Lithuanian literature in the context of Central-Eastern Europe – is highlighted in the criticism articles, reviews and annotations published in 1969–1998. The analysis of criticism texts allowed to highlight the dialogue between Lithuanian and Polish literature and cultures. In criticism relating to Polish culture, here viewed the latest works by Polish-speaking writers, mostly their translations, in order to evaluate the aesthetic value, structure, style of the work, to describe the writer’s growth, the place of his work in the context of peer-reviewed author’s creative works or in Polish literature (the basis of comparison is the Lithuanian literature or literature of other Middle East European countries). In this way, the critic performed an educational mission – introducing the addressee (a Lithuanian emigrant and Lithuanian behind the Iron Curtain) to the situation of the Middle East European region or the world culture, and literature; encouraged to resist the Soviet regime.

Alternatiivseid etümoloogiaid I

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 60/2014

The article presents alternative etymologies for the Estonian words koost ‘(wooden) spoon’ and kaugas ‘men’s shirt breast with a double waist, used as a pocket; wallet’ and the Northern Finnic word represented by Finnish kaukalo ‘trough’. The word koost is found primarily on the western Estonian islands. Julius Mägiste has proposed a Russian etymology for it, as a borrowing based on *kopusta ‘mixing tool’. Mägiste’s Russian etymology presumes the phonological development chain *kopusta > *koβusta > *kovosta > koost, proposed specifically for this case, which is implausible. Koost is most likely of Baltic origin, from a loan base the successors of which are lithuanian kaũstė / kaustė̃ ‘vessel hollowed out from a tree trunk, drinking horn’, latvian kaũšķins ‘ladle’ etc. Upon its borrowing, the Baltic au was replaced by ou, which later developed into a long ō. this kind of substitution and phonological development is characteristic of livonian, where vowels are in quantitative and mostly also qualitative paradigmatic alternation, including ou : ō. The borrowing has presumably come to Estonian via Livonian, where it is no (longer) recorded. Although the presumed Baltic loan base lacks phonological features of diagnostic value, the word’s geographical distribution indicates that it could have been borrowed from Curonian. The proposed connection between kaugas ‘men’s shirt breast with a double waist, used as a pocket; wallet’ and latvian kabata ‘pocket’ requires a remarkably complicated phonological adaptation for a relatively recent borrowing and is unconvincing. kaugas is most likely an older Baltic loan, having originated from the stem *kauk-, the possible Indo-European archetype of which is *(s)keu- / *kou- ‘to make curved, curved, hollow, cavity’ and/or *(s)keu- ‘to cover (up), wrap (up)’. The members of this large and diverse Baltic word family include Lithuanian káukė ‘mask, face cover, gas mask’, kiáuklas / kiáukutas ‘cover, shell’, káukė ‘mortar, wooden ladle, dish, basin etc.’, kaukẽlė ‘wooden dish’ and others. kaugas does not denote a pocket on a garment in today’s meaning. A pocket woven/sewn into a piece of clothing is a sufficiently new phenomenon that the Baltic loan base could not possibly have carried that meaning. Among the oldest forerunners of pockets was a piece of skin, which could be pulled with the aid of a sheep-split into the shape of a small round bag or purse. In this context, derivations of the *kauk- stem such as káukė and kiáuklas / kiáukutas can be seen to fit in the semantic field of the loan base. Estonian words for ‘pocket’ such as tasku, vikk, 231 kalits, kulit etc. have been borrowed into estonian on the basis of words in other languages denoting pockets. Kaugas is not among them, as it belongs to a much earlier loanword stratum. The Baltic loan base *kaukāl- / *kaukōl- ‘vessel hollowed out from a tree trunk’, the successor of which is e.g. lithuanian kaukẽlė ‘wooden dish’ has been borrowed into Finnic as *kaukal-: Salaca livonian kougil, Karelian koùgõl ‘kneading trough’, votic kaukalo / kaukolo ‘trough hollowed out of wood’, Finnish kaukalo ‘trough’ etc. the sequence -Vl in these Finnic words is the representation of the loan base’s productive deverbal affix *āl- / *ōl-, one of the essential meanings of which is conveying the result of an action. An earlier explanation held kaukalo and its equivalents to be derived from the stem kauka-‘distant, far, for a long time’, on the basis of the fact that kaukalo denotes an oblong vessel. This is, however, merely a folk etymology. The Baltic loan base contains a reference to the way in which such vessels were made.

Alternatiivseid etümoloogiaid II

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 61/2015

The article presents alternative etymologies for the estonian words hangeldama ‘to traffic in, speculate’ and nurg : nuru ‘blicca bjoerkna’. In Estonian etymological literature, it is claimed that the German borrowing hangeldama ‘to buy up and sell at a profit, to traffic in, speculate’ (< German handeln ‘to trade’) has undergone a phonological replacement likely on the example of hankima ‘to procure, obtain’. However, the secondary -ng- in the place of the expected -nd- is observed in a number of other borrowings, which suggests that this is a widespread optional replacement. the article gives examples of this replacement in other borrowings, such as angel ‘part of the wheel and axle of an anchor, a well, or similar, around which the wheel and axle is rotated’ – andel(i) id., cf. Low German, Dutch handel ‘handhold’, German Hantel ‘handhold’ etc. the ng / nd variation appears in native stems with a particular phonological structure, with overlapping or very similar fields of meaning, e.g. kangla : kan´gla, kangli: kan´gli – kandla : kan´dla / kandle, kandli : kan´dli ‘armpit’ and others. the nk / ng : nt / nd variation is typical of onomatopoetic/descriptive stems with over- lapping or very similar fields of meaning, e.g. põngerjas – põnder / põnderjas / põnderlas ‘brat, small child’: põng(e)- and others. In Estonian etymological literature, it is claimed that the origin of the fish nurg : nuru ‘blicca bjoerkna’ is unclear. this name is quite widespread. Also recorded is the variant stem nurr, nurra- : nurrakala. Wiedemann’s dictionary also gives the variant nuuru-k[ala], which has not been recorded in later collections of dialect data. the article draws attention to the Latvian name ņura for the loach (Nemachilus barbatus), which Latvian fish name researcher Benita Laumane regards as a borrowing, from Estonian nurg. in many languages, the names for loaches include numerous variants deriving from the notion of “beard”, in reference to the barbels around the fish’s mouth. There is no doubt that the Latvian nura, of estonian origin, also has its roots in this idea, assuming an etymological connection between estonian nurg and the word family nurrud, nurru-, nurri-, nuru- and nuri/karvad ‘whiskers, moustache’. This Estonian word family derives from the German loan base Schnurr, which appears in e.g. the compound word Schnurrbart ‘whiskers, moustache’. German Schnurrbart also denotes the fish Enchelyopus cimbrius or Gadus cimbricus, belonging to the cod family. In the Latvian name ņura ‘loach’, the word-initial consonant cluster has been reduced to a single consonant, indicating that this is an indirect loan via Estonian, not a direct loan from German. This loanword is interesting, because it demonstrates that Estonian nurr / nurg could at some point have been used to refer to the loach or some other type of fish with “whiskers”. The article also draws attention to the fact that the -g in the variant nurg is non-etymological, having developed by way of proportional analogy, e.g. urg : uru = x : nuru. Non-etymological -g after r is found in Estonian in e.g. kiirg : kiira ‘crown (of the head); nape; frontal bone’, neerg ‘kidney’, suhkarg ‘dried bread, rusk’.

Alternatiivseid etümoloogiaid III nuuter ja pess

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 62/2016

The article presents an alternative etymology for the words nuuter ‘cabbage root inflammation’ and pess ‘tree sponge, tinder’. The word nuutra ~ nuutri and nuutõrn(as) ~ nuudõrna, denoting a root disease in cabbage, is a dialect word restricted to southeastern Estonia. It has been documented in lexicographical sources beginning with Wiedemann’s dictionary. Osmo Nikkilä has conjectured that nuutra is a Scandinavian loanword; however, this is implausible simply due to the fact that the word is only found in southeastern Estonia, not elsewhere in the country. The loan base is more likely the Russian dialect word нутерь, нутир resp. нутр ‘(human or animal) internal organs; disease of internal organs; heart, core (of the fruit of a tree or plant)’, compare also the derivation нутрéц ‘(human or animal) cryptorchidism; hernia; parasitic intestinal worm; caterpillar, maggot, larva (in the fruit of a plant)’. The form nuudõrna and other similar forms recorded in addition to nuutra in the etomaa region, point to a repeated borrowing from a synonymous loan base, the Russian dialect word нутри́на́. The phonological substitution is unproblematic even if the у in the loan base is unstressed, since an initially unstressed vowel may lengthen when the word is borowed and the stress moves to the first syllable of the word. The word nuuter denoting a root disease in cabbage was introduced into the terminology of plant protection most likely in the late 1920s. The word pess, found in South Estonian-speaking regions (including language islands), along with its phonological variant päss, denotes primarily a birch sponge and/or the flammable material prepared from it, i.e. tinder. The past hundred years have seen several different scholarly opinions regarding the origin of pess ~ päss, but no convincing etymology has yet been found. The Finnish researcher Heikki Ojansuu has supposed that pess is a South Estonian word, the original form of which was *peksä, from which have derived päks, -e ‘egg-shaped bone tumor, ringbone (disease in horses)’, luu-päks ‘anklebone’ and päss, -a ‘thicker end, button etc.; thumb’, Estonian päkk: päka ‘boletus’ and päkk : päka ‘bump, protuberance (in the palm near the thumb, on the inner side of the front of the foot, on the hoof) etc.; thumb’. Andrus Saareste, however, believed that the word shares a root with the South Estonian verb pesmä. Julius Mägiste has repeated the claims of previous researchers regarding the possible common origin of pess and South Estonian pesmä, which in his opinion would confirm the expression tuld peksma ‘to strike fire’ recorded on Saaremaa. More recently, the etymology of pess has been discussed by the Finnish etymologist Eino Koponen, who considers the relationship with the verb pesmä implausible, because pess denotes tinder growing on trees, which has not yet been prepared for use in lighting a fire. A more believable etymological explanation, offering a better semantic justification for the name, is that the word is related to the Baltic pinti word family. The possible loan base of South Estonian pess is the Eastern Latvian pìesa2, piêsis ‘tinder’, the older Baltic equivalents of which are (Eastern) Lithuanian péntis as well as pìntis, pintìs, pintė ‘gnarls growing on rotting trees, fungus, tinder (Fomes); water-dwelling sponge (Spongia)’ and oPr pintys ‘tinder’. This Baltic word is related to the Lithuanian verb pìnti (pẽna ~ pìnti, pýnė), Latvian pît (pin, pina) ‘to plait, braid, interlace’. A Latvian etymology presupposes the replacement of a diphthong with a monophthong; there are indeed some plausible examples of this in words borrowed into South Estonian from Baltic/Latvian. The phonological variant päss, with the vowel ä, represents a secondary development which took place in the Estonian language context, under the influence of e.g. päss : pässa ‘thicker end, button etc’. Latvian pese, pesis etc is therefore a boomerang loan. The re-borrowing back into Latvian must have occurred rather early, which would explain the word’s wide distribution in northern Latvia and beyond its borders.

ALTERNATIIVSEID ETÜMOLOOGIAID V PERU, VAIBUMA, VELBAS, VIDEVIK, VISTAR JA VÄNGE

Author(s): Lembit Vaba / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 64/2018

The article presents new or clarified etymological interpretations of the words peru ‘easily startled, skittish, given to bolting (of a horse)’, vaibuma ‘to grow weaker, fade away, die’, velbas ‘sly, crafty (person)’, videvik ‘twilight’, vistar ‘pimple, pustule’ and vänge ‘disgusting, foul (taste)’. Julius Mägiste speculated that Estonian peru : peru ‘easily startled, skittish, given to bolting’ (of a horse); unruly, boisterous, recalcitrant (of a person=’, Votic pero ‘recalcitrant, cunning (of a horse)’, Ingrian pero(i) id. is a derivation with the diminutive suffix *-oi̯ from the noun *perä ‘rear, back part’, which has presumably been abstractified into an adjective from the compound word *peroi̯-he̮poi̯, to “refer to a horse that jolts backward or bolts”.

Amurca, murga, murk во романските и балканските јазици. Од романската и балканската лингвистика, патронимика и топономастика

Author(s): Ǵorǵi Šoptrajanov / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 1/1956

Dans cette étude les formes anturca, murga, murk et celles qui s’y apparentent, sont considérées dans le cadre du développement historique des formes de ce type dans toutes les langues où elles apparaissent, de sorte qu’elles représentent un élément très important dans la linguistique balkanique et dans la géographie linguistique. Elles ont des sens différents et s’emploient tantôt comme substantifs, adjectifs ou verbes, tantôt comme patronymes ou toponymes. Quelques-uns de ces morphèmes, en partie communs à toutes les langues balkaniques, ont développé sur le territoire lingustique macédonien de nouvelles formes morphologiques et ont passé par une transformation phonétique considérable. Ces morphèmes représentent un grand intérêt scientifique non seulement du point de vue phonétique et morphologique, mais aussi du point de vue sémantique. Ces formes, en dehors de leur importance linguistique, présentent aussi un intérêt documentaire , précisément à cause de leur développement sémantique. En effet, il est en rapport étroit avec l’histoire de la civilisation et, plus spécialement, avec l’histoire économique des peuples qui ont adopté leurs formes et leurs sens successifs. Au cours de leur développement, long et complexe, les formes en question, comme les langues qui les ont adoptées, ont passé par différentes phases, ont subi des influences diverses, se sont multipliées morphologiquement quand elles ont rencontré des éléments semblables dans les autres langues, se sont développées sémantiquement dans le cadre social.

An approach to the translation of deontic modality in legal texts. The case of the Polish and English versions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Author(s): Maciej Paweł Jaskot,Agnieszka Wiltos / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2017

The co-existence of twenty-four legal languages in the European Union is guaranteed by the basic principles of EU language policy, stated in its founding treaty. Indeed, every EU citizen has the right to communicate with the EU in the official language of their choice, and to receive a reply in the same language. Such a situation is reflected in legal multilingualism, which presents challenges for both linguists and translators.One of these challenges is the translation of deontic modality. This article focuses on how deontic modality is expressed in the Polish and English versions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The form and usage of modal forms which express deontic possibility (i.e. permission) and deontic necessity (i.e. obligation) are highlighted, as well as the similarities and differences between the two parallel texts. The differences between the modal forms in the two versions of the text have consequences regarding the degree of both the subject’s and addressee’s commitment to norms and regulations.This article aspires to contribute to the study of deontic modal language, which is considered to be one of the central linguistic phenomena most in need of explanation.

An Investigation of Turkish Higher Education EFL Learners’ Linguistic and Lexical Errors

Author(s): Özkan Kırmızı,Birten Karcı / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

The aim of the current study is to investigate Turkish EFL learners’ linguistic and lexical errors and their causes. The participants were 30 second year English Language and Literature level students at Karabuk University, Turkey. The students were asked to write an essay about “The Qualities of a Good Language Teacher” as an ordinary English language exercise in the class. As a next step, the essays were collected and analyzed based on the taxonomy of Wakkad (1980) and Tan (2007). Error analysis indicated that the five most common errors were articles, word choice, prepositions, word order and subject-verb agreement. The major causes of these errors were attributable to limited vocabulary, poor grammar knowledge and interference from first language. The analysis also revealed the most common cause of the errors as being L1 interference.

ANADISS

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Romania

The academic journal ANADISS is a biannual publication which comes out at Suceava University Press. On the initiative of the members of the "Discourse Analysis" Research Centre founded in 2005 within the Faculty of Letters and Communication Sciences from "Stefan cel Mare" University, Suceava, the articles and their abstracts are written in French, English, German, Spanish or Italian.

One of the fundamental components of the human existence's dimension is the linguistic one. Language defines the human presence as intensely as the human becoming stabilizes and affirms the language. In the contemporary world, this equilibrium is often fragile.

The present publication proposes the presentation of such contributions, which can sustain the aggrandizement and the establishment of the human-language relation. To this end, our journal's preoccupations gravitate around themes such as: political discourse, text and discursiveness, discourse and didacticism, inter-text - inter-discourse, discourse and society, linguistic imaginary and language dynamics, production and capture of specialty discourses, discursive perspectives and various cultural contexts, knowledge and discourse: discursive and non-discursive practices, inter-text and inter-speech, discourse and society, linguistic imaginary and language dynamics, discourse and identity. We illustrate through these the Saussurian principal according to which "la langue n'est faite qu'en vue du discours", without ignoring its materialization within the text.

Journal Policy: ANADISS is an international journal that accepts for publication reviewed original papers, short communications, reviews and conference proceedings on a broad range of topics of interest for Discourse Analysis, particularly, for Linguistics in general. There are no article processing charges (APC) or article submission charge.

Author's Ownership and Rights: The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retain publishing rights on their materials.

Open Access Policy: ANADISS Journal offers „open access” to published literature. ANADISS Journal assures has free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. ANADISS Journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Open access enables authors to reach a much broader audience, which has the potential to increase the impact of their research. The ANADISS issues are available online for free, without any charge to download or print each article.

Analele Universității ”Dunărea de Jos din Galați, Lexic comun / Lexic specializat

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Romania

Annals of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Fascicle XXIV General Lexicon / Specialized Lexicon is a refereed academic journal of humanities, focused on linguistics, language history, vocabulary and culture, language studies, philology, translation studies, communication studies, cultural history, cultural anthropology, terminology and didactics. The first issue of the journal was published in 2008 by the Faculty of Letters, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati. The journal also publishes the scientific papers which are communicated at the international conference Lexic comun / lexic specializat. General Lexicon / Specialized Lexicon. Lexique commun / Lexique spécialisé which has been hosted by the Faculty of Letters, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati ever since 2008. Even if we are a Romanian journal of linguistics, the editorial board has a wide perspective towards the lexical level of any language, the interest in the movement of ideas in the field of lexicology and lexicography, as well the in the international promotion of the Romanian contributions. For this purpose the paper publication languages should mainly be Romanian, English, French, but contributions in Spanish, German or Italian are also accepted.

ANALISI CONTRASTIVA ITALIANO-CROATO-CECA NELLA FRASEOLOGIA ENTOMOLOGICA

Author(s): Irena Marković,Monika Berić / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 30/2020

Nella presente ricerca si è andati ad investigare in modo contrastivo quanto il comportamento e le caratteristiche degli insetti (in generale considerati universali) differiscano nelle tre lingue (italiano, croato e ceco) nelle espressioni idiomatiche. Si è partiti dalle espressioni idiomatiche italiane contenenti una componente entomologica (17 insetti), le quali cercano i loro equivalenti nel croato e nel ceco. Significa che l’analisi viene fatta soltanto unidirezionalmente dall’italiano al croato e ceco. Da un lato, la lingua croata e quella ceca, essendo della stessa origine (slava), dovrebbero accomunare equivalenti fraseologici totali (attraverso la variante protoslava), oppure attraverso i prestiti di terminologie religiose, ad esempio bibliche. D'altra parte, per via del diretto contatto italiano-croato, il croato dovrebbe avere più similarità fraseologica con l'italiano, a differenza del ceco. In base ai 4 passi della linguistica contrastiva e selezionando gli equivalenti totali, parziali e quelli diversi ci si è concentrati a spiegare (anche attraverso un’analisi concettuale) il perché delle diversità e quali siano le scelte linguistiche nei diversi equivalenti. Delle 72 espressioni in italiano, soltanto 9 (il 12%) sono equivalenti totali in tutte e tre le lingue. Differenziando le lingue, si nota un’affiliazione più stretta tra le lingue slave (24 equivalenze totali), che non tra il croato e l’italiano (15) e tra il ceco e l’italiano (11). L’analisi concettuale conferma questa affiliazione slava. Le lingue slave (croato e ceco), anche se storicamente e geograficamente più lontane, hanno conservato le loro specificità idiomatiche. D’altra parte l’italiano, essendo nell’ultimo millennio in stretto rapporto con il croato, ha sicuramente lasciato più repertorio idiomatico nel croato che nel ceco.

Análisis contrastivo de los verbos de movimiento en eslovaco y en español: el caso de los verbos ir/venir/llegar

Author(s): Mónica Sánchez Presa / Language(s): Spanish / Publication Year: 0

In this paper is analyzed from a contrastive approach the expression of motion in Spanish and Slovak putting emphasis on Spanish motion verbs ir, venir and llegar that cause great difficulties both to teachers and students of Spanish as to translators and interpreters. In this paper we mention the reasons why errors in using these three verbs occur and we explain the origin of them.