КОМПАРАТИВНА АНАЛИЗА СРПСКИХ И ШПАНСКИХ ПАРЕМИЈА СА ЛЕКСЕМОМ "СРЦЕ"

Author(s): Ivana Georgijev / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

This article presents a comparative analysis of Serbian and Spanish prov- erbs and sayings containing the lexeme heart, in order to discover and compare how these two cultural and linguistic communities experience and interpret the world that surrounds them. The aim of this paper is to extract proverbs containing the lexeme heart and then to classify them using a qualitative and descriptive method of analysis according to the ideas they contain when defining and portraying the concept of heart. Accordingly, the research questions in this paper are: In what way(s) do Serbian and Spanish proverbs and sayings containing the lexeme heart conceptualize this concept and, therefore, how is this organ represented in the cultures and languages of these two communities? What similarities and differences do Serbian and Spanish proverbs and sayings portray at the level of ideas? The analysis has shown that both Serbian and Spanish proverbs illustrate the same or similar ideas, revealing similarities rather than differences in the ways of understanding and conceptualizing the concept of heart. This does not come as a surprise, bearing in mind that these two communities share the Indo-European language heritage and belong to similar socio-historical and cultural contexts. The heart is perceived as the most important organ in the human body, crucial for its functioning. At the same time, it is the central place for one’s feel- ings and therefore a vital element in the functioning of one’s emotional life. Love is perceived as the most important feeling that causes happiness: a heart that is happy is a heart filled with love, and it affects people and their health positively. The heart also helps us to cope with troubles and overcome adverse life circumstances. It has the need and desire to approach the object of love: if the object of love is not physically present, love weakens, and the emotional bond between two people can be interrupted. When it comes to differences, Spanish language offers more proverbs and sayings, while Serbian language lacks examples in which the concept of heart is connected with the body temperature (heat and cold), food, intuition, honesty and loyalty.

ПРОТОТИПНИ ФРАНЦУСКИ ПАРАФРАСТИЧНИ КОНЕКТОР "C’EST-À-DIRE" И ЊЕГОВИ СРПСКИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ

Author(s): Anđela D. Vasiljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

Les études contrastives des connecteurs textuels constituent un champ d’investigation très vaste et intéressant sur plusieurs points de vue: morphosyntaxique, sémantique, pragmatique et stylistique. Les divers domaines de la linguistique appli- quée, tels que la didactique des langues étrangères et la traductologie peuvent profiter des conclusions précieuses issues des résultats obtenus par ce type de recherches contrastives. En basant notre travail sur la typologie de C. Rossari, membre distinguée de l’École de la pragmatique intégrée, développée à l’Université de Genève, d’après laquelle il existe deux types des opérations de reformulation – paraphrastique et non paraphrastique –, nous avons opté pour l’analyse du connecteur français c’est-à-dire, considéré comme marqueur prototypique de la reformulation paraphrastique. Le but principal d’un tel travail consiste à proposer plusieurs possibilités de traduction du connecteur donné en serbe, tout en signalant ses différentes valeurs sémantiques. Tout d’abord, nous proposons une ouverture théorique portant sur le cadre métho- dologique dans lequel cette étude évolue. Ensuite, la partie appliquée est consacrée à l’analyse des exemples tirés des corpus monolingues et parallèles du français et du serbe. Ce faisant, nous tâchons d’analyser les différents degrés de correspondances existant entre les structures des connecteurs de reformulation en français et en serbe.

ПРИДЕВИ ЗА БОЈЕ СА ИМЕНИЦОМ КАО ПРВИМ КОНСТИТУЕНТОМ У НЕМАЧКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ И ЊИХОВИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

Author(s): Sofija I. Mijović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Adjektive als Farbbezeichnungen mit substantivischem Erstglied im Deustchen untersucht, mit dem Ziel ihre Äquivalente im Serbischen festzustellen und systematisch zu beschreiben. Diese Klasse von Adjektiven, in der Literatur als Vergleichsbildungen bekannt, stellt ein hochproduktives Wortbildungsmuster im Deutschen, wobei Erstglieder die semantische Funktion „Vergleichsgröße” spielen. Mit Hilfe von dem als Nomen realisierten Erstglied werden die Farbnuancen durch die Vergleichs- bildung sprachlich verbalisiert. Die durchgeführte Korpusanalyse hat zwei Unterklassen von Adjektiven erbracht, deren Struktur folgendermaßen dargestellt werden kann Typ 1. Nomen+ Adjektiv und Typ 2. Nomen + Konfix -farben. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung liegt hauptsächlich in der Analyse der Äquivalenzrelationen zwischen den sprachlichen Einheiten des Deutschen als Ausgangssprache und des Serbischen als Zielsprache.

О ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЈИ АНТРОПОНИМИЈСКЕ КАТЕГОРИЈЕ "ЛИЧНО ИМЕ" У УЏБЕНИЦИМА СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ЗА СТРАНЦЕ

Author(s): Mirjana R. Obradović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

The paper considers personal names in the textbooks for learning Ser- bian as a foreign language. The corpus consists of the names from A1 and A2 level textbooks. The paradigms of personal names in the textbooks are considered, and it is checked whether linguistic and cultural comments on personal names are given in the textbooks. Analytical-synthetic, descriptive, and statistical methods are applied in the study. The result confirms the hypothesis that there are no precise criteria for using personal names in Serbian language textbooks for foreign learners. In both textbooks analyzed, morphological forms of personal names rarely vary (the most commonly used case form is nominative, and none of the names is changed in all cases). Personal names are not viewed as a lexicon characterized by high cultural potential. Suggestions are proposed for improving the presentation of personal names in Ser- bian language textbooks for foreign learners. The arbitrariness associated with the selection and presentation of anthroponyms in textbooks can be eliminated if: (a) we choose common Serbian names of Christian origin; (b) we consider the personal name as a culture-bound item and (c) we choose personal names that are illustra- tive for different grammatical exercises. It is interesting to view personal names as a material for the development of grammatical and cultural competences. Namely, at the beginner level, it is essential to completely master the grammatical categories of common personal names in Serbian. Furthermore, personal names are a good starting point for the cultural framework of beginner level teaching.

Die rumäniendeutsche Standardvarietät – ein „Viertelzentrum“ des Deutschen?

Author(s): Brunhilde Böhls / Language(s): German Issue: _/2019

Das Deutsche ist eine plurizentrische Sprache wie Französisch und Englisch. Die nationalen Voll- und Halbzentren der deutschen Standardsprache in den drei heutigen Staaten Österreich, Schweiz und Deutschland sowie in Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Ostbelgien und Südtirol haben mit ihren sprachlichen Besonderheiten erstmalig gemeinsam Eingang gefunden in das Variantenwörterbuch des Deutschen von 2004. In dessen zweite, völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage wurden neben den genannten Staaten und Regionen zusätzlich die sogenannten „Viertelzentren“ Rumänien, Namibia sowie die Mennonitensiedlungen mit ihren lexikalischen Spezifika aufgenommen. Zum ersten Mal bekommt damit die deutsche Hochsprache der deutschen Minderheit in Rumänien einen gebührenden Platz in einem Lexikon der deutschen Sprache neben den anderen Voll- und Halbzentren. Verantwortlich für die rumäniendeutschen Spezifika, die in die Neuauflage des Variantenwörterbuchs aufgenommen wurden, war der namhafte rumänische Lexikologe Ioan Lăzărescu. Aufgrund von Platzmangel entschied er sich für lediglich rund 80 Rumänismen. Bereits 2008 brachte Lăzărescu gemeinsam mit dem Regensburger Linguisten Hermann Scheuringer ein weiteres Nachschlagewerk heraus, in dem die historisch bedingten Gemeinsamkeiten mit dem Österreichischen aufgeführt und ins Rumänische übersetzt sind.

„ONU SUZ ETTİRMEK İÇİN BİR ZANAAT VEREİM” - NEKA ZAPAŽANJA O LEKSIKU LATINIČNIH TEKSTOVA NA TURSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Ekrem Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2000

In the article entitled "Onu suz ettirmek ićin bir zanaat vereim" - Some Observations on the Lexis of the Texts in the Turkish Language Written in Latin Script, the author observes the lexis of the so-called Bosnian Turkish language, i.e. of the idiom used in the Ottoman period (i) in the territory of the present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lexis of the idiom has been analyzed on the basis of the texts written in Latin script (dictionaries and grammar books) in Turkish from the 19th century, whose authors were the Franciscan priests of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In these texts the following lexical features have been noted: 1) frequent shift of semantic field of general- Ottoman words [e.g. the word (h)ayvan is used to mean "horse"]; 2) "terming" the Turkish appellatives [e.g. the word nur meaning "God's order"]; 3) overuse of foreign words [religious terms from Armenian and Greek]; 4) the use of words of Slavic origin, dialect words, regional words, ete., i.e. of the words whose etymology is difficult to determine. One of them is the "Bosnian" verb suz ~ süz ol- "keep silent", suz ettir- "shut somebody up", which is not recorded in dictionaries of the Ottoman/Turkish language, i.e. in glossaries of modern west-Rumelian dialects available to me.

ORTOGRAFSKE KARAKTERISTIKE LJETOPISA MULA MUSTAFE BAŠESKIJE

Author(s): Kerima Filan / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2000

The paper deals with the orthographic features of The Chronicle written in the second part of the 18th century by the Bosniak Mula Mustafa Bašeskija in Turkish. Examples of lexical and grammatical morphemes noted down in a graphic picture different from the accepted Ottoman-Turkish orthography of the time are analyzed. Departures from the orthography in marking Arabic and Persian lexemes are relatively rare in The Chronicle. In this lexical layer, the mixing of different graphies is noticed in some places that in Turkish have the same phonic value. In marking Turkish lexemes and suffixes, in some places we can trace departures from the orthography of the time. The reasons behind this are various. In some examples, a double way of spelling is noted as a result of the mixing up of the graphemes having the same phonic value. This type of departure is easily noticed and does not affect the determination of the phonetic picture of the analyzed linguistic element. In some examples, the graphic differences are the result of mixing traditional orthography and spoken language. Such departures are interesting from the point of linguistic research because they reflect the real status of the language at that time. The spelling of some of the lexemes and suffixes reflect their phonetic picture in the Turkish language as spoken in Bosnia. Such examples are relevant for getting to know the dialect features of that speech. In the spelling of some lexical and grammatical morphemes, we can notice that the writer used the graphies being in use in the local Aljamiado literacy. So some of the phonemes were written down in the graphies having originally other phonetic values. Such departures are only of graphic nature and do not reflect real pronunciation.

SUFIKSI ORIJENTALNOG PORIJEKLA U BOSANSKOME JEZIKU - ADAPTACIJA, FUNKCIONALNOST, ZNAČENJE, FREKVENCIJA, PLODNOST-

Author(s): Hanka Vajzović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 46/1997

The paper deals partly with a contrastive analysis of suffixes of Oriental origins in the Bosnian language, among which in terms of number, productivity and fertility, as well as in terms of their strikingness (which in a way marks the Bosnian language vis-a-vis other varieties of the South Slavonic languages) štand out suffixes of Turkish origin. In contrast to the Arabic language, which did not leave any remarkable traces in our formation system, Persian suffixes are not infrequent, but compared to Turkish formation morphemes, they are less productive and less fertile; therefore, they have been paid less attention in the paper. Naturally, not ali suffixes of Turkish origin have the same status in our language, so that the most frequent ones {-luk, -čijaf-džija, -li, and -lija) have been given the most space, which štand out indeed by their productivity, fertility and integration into our formation system, therefore by their usage frequency/ topicality, too. Besides these, dealt with have also been less productive Oriental suffixes which are, nevertheless, recognizable and fertile whether they are of Turkish {-džik, -suz, -ile) or of Persian origins {-ana/-hana, -dar/-tar, -ćar/-ćer), while other suffixes of Oriental origins - which were taken over into our language, but did not separate from their stems they had been imported with, therefore they did not become independent, and thus did not become topical as formation morphemes (we do not even recognize or record them as such) - have not been specifically analyzed (Tur. -ki/-gi, Ar. -i, etc.).

NEKA ZAPAŽANJA O PRENOŠENJU TURSKIH USTALJENIH KOLOKACIJA NA BOSANSKI JEZIK

Author(s): Amina Šiljak-Jesenković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 46/1997

On the basis of different examples of set collocations known of in the Bosnian and Turkish languages, this paper tries to bring some observations on the transfer of the meaning of Turkish set collocations into the Bosnian language. Introđuction, in addition to definitions of idioms and other set collocations, deals with the issues encountered when transferring them from one linguistic system into the other. Although definitions of such idioms point out the fact that they are untranslatable into other languages, given here are numerous examples of Turkish set collocations taken over by the Bosnian language and adapted phonetically and phonologically, adapted partially or in kalk. Phonetically-phonologically adapted Turkish collocations in the Bosnian language are marked as a characteristic of a speech community. The example of the expression bašum sagosum points to its use in this form, and to develop new meanings in its kalk in the Bosnian language. The author gives some notes , too, about possible translations of some Turkish set collocations from everyday communication, drawing attention to different possibilities of interpretation o f the same collocation, depending on the speech situation. Also, some curses and blessings in the Turkish language can be called idioms. Some of them, if literally translated, lose their meaning, while in the description of the meaning they lose their metaphoricalness. There are also examples that show possibilities of kalking these idioms, as well as transferring their meanings by stylistically and semantically close forms in the Bosnian language. Here have been recorded examples of Bosnian idioms with Turkish lexical corpus constituents, motivated by social relations, general experience or belief. On the basis of a large number of examples of synonymous Bosnian and Turkish idioms expressed with the same lexical and grammatical means within the two language systems, the author advances a hypothesis that those kalks are products of languages in contact, and parallel in the Turkish and the Bosnian languages he examines possibilities of varying those idioms within their firm structure. With regard to this, he defines some similarities. He also points out the metaphoricalness of the idioms as their feature.

Aspects Of Media Presentations On Russians: Yet Another Spy Story In The Media

Author(s): Desislava Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The paper presents some aspects of media presentations on a particular ethnic group which in the western psyche brings up associations with Socialism, Cold War Era, wealth, as well as of criminals, and last but not least, as the deadliest secret agents. In particular, the paper dwells on the cases of poisoning of Russian ex-spies in the UK as reflected in the media. The focus is on the way a Bulgarian, a British and a Russian newspaper present the case of the attempted murder of Sergey and Yulia Skripal with Novichok in Salisbury paying attention to the main topics put forward in the media discourse on spies. Some of the coverage of the Bulgarian trace, i.e. Emilian Gebrev, in the case is also analysed.Using CDA as the main method of analysis, the paper looks into the language used to present the whole case, the voices that get heard on the case, the focus of presentation of each media discourse along with the effect all these have on the general population. The paper argues that although articles on the topic are mostly informative and familiarize the general public with the life of spies with all its enchantment, setbacks, and negative or positive consequences, they also reveal the ongoing struggle for political dominance between today’s super powers, the existing ethnic/ national and social stereotypes, and finally stir panic, as despite some overt activities the whole activity remains largely clandestine and spies look just like normal people.

Authority Legitimation In Campaign Discourse Of American Presidential Candidates

Author(s): Boryana Kostova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This article addresses legitimation in discourse seen as a complex and multifaceted concept. The specific focus is on authority legitimization which is understood not simply as ethos construction but rather as a claim to rightness, i.e. the claim to be normatively right to perform the speech act. Building upon work on legitimation by van Leeuwen and van Dijk, the article studies intertextuality as one aspect of authority legitimation. The presence of elements of one text in other texts can take various forms and degree of visibility and intensity. Therefore the main purpose of the article is to identify the types and functions of intertextuality. A framework within the scope of Critical Discourse Studies is proposed by which a small corpus of acceptance speeches of contemporary American political leaders is analyzed. The results from the quantitative and qualitative analysis have shown that speakers of different political backgrounds use intertextuality similarly. It is revealed that the most common source of intertextuality is the voice of the political opponent. The main functions of intertextuality in the analyzed speeches are solidarity and credibility building as well as downgrading opposing points of view.

The Lımıts Of Translatıng Postcolonıal Experıence Into A Foreıgn Culture

Author(s): Berrin N. Aksoy / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 2/2020

In this twofold study, I will focus on the exilic/ diasporic Nigerian-born black British author Ben Okri as a postcolonial author reflecting the issues of postcolonial literature in his novel The Famished Road from a translational point of view. I will first discuss the qualities of the exilic/diasporic experience in postcolonial literature in terms of theme, style and language use; language is the key element in postcolonial literature which reflects the hybridity of cultures and the hybridity of the language used in postcolonial texts, which is closely associated with the translation challenges of a postcolonial text into a culture which is alien to postcolonial experience. My aim in this study firstly will be to discuss whether the novel The Famished Road which displays the characteristics of a postcolonial text in terms of style, themes and the hybrid language use avails itself with all its generic qualities in the Turkish translation and creates the same effect and impressions on the Turkish reader in terms of voicing the postcolonial experience as it has on the English reader and, secondly, how the generic qualities are transferred into the language of a culture which does not possess a similar literary or cultural medium.

Exploring Smell From A Cognitive Perspective In English And Bulgarian (A Corpus Study)

Author(s): Svetlana Nedelcheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Perception is universal for human beings but linguists are interested whether it is conceptualized the same way in different languages. The focus of this article is the concept of smell and how it is linguistically coded in English and Bulgarian. Such cross-linguistic meanings have not been systematically investigated when they appear in context. This study is corpus-based to capture, on the one hand, the conceptual organization of smell and, on the other hand, the structure of more abstract concepts. The study applies the cognitive perspective to interpret the conceptual metaphors in the domain of smell. The interplay of senses is used to enhance the “linguistic codability” of perceptions. Smell, which is on the whole understudied, together with touch and taste, offers a wide variety of metaphoric interpretations not only within one language but also across languages. The range of usage that is readily observable in the corpus reveals that this type of data must form the basis for empirically grounded studies of semantics. Moreover, these data suggest that cross-linguistic analogy in polysemous meanings may rely not only on universal cognition, but also on the universal experiences of social interaction.

Mastering second language humour

Author(s): Laurence Vincent-Durroux,Kerry Mullan,Caroline David,Christine Béal,Cécile Poussard / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

This small-scale study on verbal humour takes place within a larger project entitled “From perception to oral production”, which aims to identify the links between comprehension and production processes and the sources of difficulty for French learners of English. The data consist of three comparable corpora of filmed semi-structured interviews with first (L1) and second (L2) language students: French-French L1; English-English L1; and English L1 with L2. The interviews revolve around the same extract of an American romantic comedy, which the students were asked to describe and comment upon. Instances of spontaneous humour were found to occur in all corpora and were analysed using the cross-cultural comparative model previously used for French-English comparative studies of verbal humour (Béal & Mullan 2013; 2017a; Mullan & Béal 2018a). The humour used by the native speakers of French (N=7) and English (N=7) served as the initial basis for comparison with the L2 English speakers (N=34). It was found that the humour and laughter in the L1 interviews were employed by both parties to achieve certain pragmatic functions related to this particular institutional setting: the participants used humour primarily to create a connection with the interviewer (often through implicit references, and especially where both participants were female). The French students speaking English as L2 tended to use self-oriented humour as a face-saving device to deflect from their production or comprehension difficulties.The use of humour by all L1 and L2 participants nevertheless reflected specific cultural tendencies outlined in Béal & Mullan (2013; 2017a) and Mullan & Béal (2018a), such as the prevalence of third-party oriented humour in French interactions and of self-deprecating humour in English. In sum, and perhaps unsurprisingly, we show that the French learners of English have mastered some aspects of humour in their L2, but still exhibit most of the characteristics of verbal humour from their native French.

Проблемы выявления и анализа межъязыковых параллелей в русской и болгарской юридической терминологии (на материале уголовного законодательства России и Болгарии)

Author(s): Ol’ga Barabash,Antonia Pencheva,Maxim Mitrokhin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2020

The article argues the need for systematization and complex description of formally matching interlanguage correspondences of Slavic and non-Slavic origin, in which at least one lexical unit belongs to the legal terminology of the Russian or Bulgarian language. Identified are the main theoretical and methodological problematic issues associated with the study of this phenomenon, proposed are ways for overcoming them - also using automated methods of processing natural language. The analysis of the formally coincident units, identified in the criminal legislation of Russia and Bulgaria, allows drawing preliminary conclusions about the types of interlanguage parallels in Russian and Bulgarian legal terminology and outlining prospects for their study in future.

PRILOG PROUČAVANJU KONVERBÂ I KVAZIKONVERBÂ U DJELU KUTADGU BILIG I SAVREMENOME TURSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Mirza Bašić,Edina Solak / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 69/2020

The primary objective of this paper is to analyze adverbial groups in Kutadgu Bilig written in Karakhanid Turkish. The semantic structures of the adverbial groups in the poem Kutadgu Bilig are compared to the semantically close adverbial groups in modern Turkish language. An analysis like this represents a very significant contribution to the study of Turkish language from a diachronical perspective. Besides, the paper compares the semantic structures of the converbial and quasi-converbial groups in the poem Kutadgu Bilig with the translation equivalents in Bosnian language, of thus contributing to better comprehension and understanding of the grammatical and semantic structures of Turkish and Bosnian language, which are genetically and typologically different languages. The original language in the paper is Turkish, which implies the fact that the semantic structures of Turkish converbial and quasi-converbial groups are compared to the semantically close adverbial clauses in Bosnian language.

РЕЧЕНИЧНА СТРУКТУРА У ПИСАНОМ ДИСКУРСУ СТУДЕНАТА НА ПОЧЕТНОМ НИВОУ УЧЕЊА СРПСКОГ КАО СТРАНОГ ЈЕЗИКА

Author(s): Marija S. Raković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2020

The subject of this work is to determine the ways in which students of Serbian as a foreign language, both philologists and non-philologists, construct sentences in written discourse at a beginner level. Our aim is to determine: (1) the sentence structure (simple, expanded, or compound sentences); (2) prepositional phrases of which they are comprised; (3) sentence informativeness; (4) types of word formation sentence constructions; (5) derivation of interrogative and negative sentence forms. The corpus consists of exit tests gathered at the end of the course Serbian as a foreign language at the Center for Serbian as a foreign language at the Faculty of Philology and Arts at the University of Kragujevac. The analysis of the corpus has shown that students of Serbian as a foreign language at a beginner level form simple, but informative sentences to the extent which enables them to complete basic communication processes. We will attempt to give methodical suggestions for the teaching practice which would contribute to the elimination of the errors made in the process of sentence formation, the usage of prepositional phrases, in the first place, and the process of the distribution of lexemes which comprise one sentence structure.

ЗНАЧАЈАН ПРИЛОГ СИНТАКСИ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛНОЈ СТИЛИСТИЦИ СРПСКОГА ЈЕЗИКА

Author(s): Jelena M. Pavlović Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2020

WYKŁADNIKI SARMATYZMU WE FRAZEOLOGII DAWNIEJ I DZIŚ – NA PRZYKŁADZIE UTWORÓW WACŁAWA POTOCKIEGO I FRAZEOLOGIZMÓW WSPÓŁCZESNYCH

Author(s): Katarzyna Sornat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2020

The insufficient number of studies dedicated to the phraseology of works by Wacław Potocki (1621–1696) encouraged the author to examine this area of the Sarmatian writer’s oeuvre. This paper presents the outcome of a lexical and semantic analysis of 40 idioms excerpted from three representative works by the poet: Ogród nie plewiony (Unweeded Garden), Moralia (Morals), and Transakcja wojny chocimskiej (Transaction of the Hotin War). Based on the adopted material sample, an attempt was made to identify the characteristics of Sarmatism, a cultural formation of the Commonwealth the main representative of which was W. Potocki. To this end, the collected expressions and phrases were classified by three thematic fields that were significant for the sociolect of the nobility (<everyday life>, <religion>, <war>). An important complementation of the analysis of the Baroque phraseology is tracking it until modern times. The conducted comparative research of the lexical resources of the Polish language in its two distant periods showed that, despite the over three hundred years between the examined materials, the sarmatisation of language has still been a significant component of the Polish culture.

O IMENIMA I NAZIVLJU IZ ORIJENTALNO-ISLAMSKE KULTURE U BOSANSKOME PRAVOPISU

Author(s): Ismail Palić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 41/2020

Names and terminology from Oriental-Islamic spirituality and culture are an important layer of the lexicon of the Bosnian language to which users mostly build a special relationship. That is why orthographic standardization of such words is a very challenging and responsible task. The expectations are always different. In the case of the names and terminology discussed in this article, Muslim theologians, intellectuals, imams, etc. have the greatest influence and the most significant role. They must first of all understand that the vocabulary in question has ceased to be Arabic by the act of borrowing and has become Bosnian, falling that way under the normative ‘jurisdiction’ of the Bosnian language. Only by incorporating all such words into the appropriate Bosnian spelling categories we show that they are fully accepted and domesticated in the Bosnian language. Likewise, as we wander around choosing different ways of writing them (especially those that are foreign to the Bosnian language and spelling), we are actually showing that these words are still a ‘problem’ for us, even after centuries of their presence in the Bosnian language. In doing so, one should know that every battle against natural laws, including linguistic ones, is lost in advance.