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METİNDİLBİLİMSEL BİR ÇÖZÜMLEME: 12 EYLÜL 1980 DARBE BİLDİRİSİ

Author(s): Hasan SEFER / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 08/2016

Military coups (coup d’état) have an important position in Turkish political history. Many military coups or coup attempts have been made from the proclamation of the republic until today and each government or candidate for government has created written texts or oral texts so as to explain their objectives i.e. why they are devoted. Those political texts offer an important resource for researches in all fields. Military coup texts are not randomly prepared ones; rather, they are generated with a rational and logical reasoning. The prepared texts require appropriate editing according to the target audience and conditions of those specific periods for they reach to a large number of people via mass media. Thus, approval of the target audience is taken into consideration. Political texts as well as other texts have its characteristic features and they are influenced by the periods in which they are created. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal how text creators form declaration texts using the linguistics tools. Accordingly, text of the 12 September 1980 military coup speech delivered by Kenan Evren will be analysed based on the textlinguistics methods. Knowledge on the text, textlinguistics and corpus will be given, and then a textual analysis will be made. It is aimed to show how the text in question was arranged for the reader at that time by means of considering conditions for the text production. Sentence connections constituting intratextual meaning will be examined. How the text in question was constituted and how the constituted textual structures were associated with the function of the text will be determined and revealed. Therefore, what the text aimed to tell will be much easily conveyed by means of the parts constituting the whole text.

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Напомене о „мађаризмима” у Стеријиним „Родољупцима”

Author(s): Jovan Jerković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1(2)/2007

Jovan Sterija Popović (1806–1856) is considered to be the creator of original Serbian comedy. All his life Sterija remained faithful to tradition and to his Vojvodinian speech—Serbian language coloured with localisms and words of foreign origin. He even publicly opposed Vuk Karadzić’s insisting on east hercegovinian dialect becoming the base of Serbian literature language. In his comedy Rodoljupci that depicts the period of the Hungarian revolution in Vojvodina 1848, people of Serbian nationality use plenty of Hungarian words adopting them into Serbian with often comic changes of their phonetic or morphemic characteristic, and using rules which are in use to this date. Serbian surnames can be found as translated literally into Hungarian, even whole Serbian sentences into that language. Therefore, considering the popularity of J. St. Popović’s work to these days, one can claim that he has without doubt played an important role in establishing the practise of borrowing and adjusting the words from Hungarian into Serbian language.

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Komunikatywność języka prawnego w świetle tekstów prawnych i prawniczych w języku polskim, węgierskim i angielskim

Author(s): Karolina Kaczmarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1(2)/2007

Legal texts are formulated in a specific language called the language of the law. It is a language for special purposes which may be further divided into several sub-languages. In Poland lawyers, as a rule, differentiate (i) statutory language which is the language of statutory instruments and (ii) legal language used by lawyers. The language of legal texts is often more complex than a colloquial one and thus often difficult to follow for common people. The fact that the language of the law is often misunderstood by citizens leads to many discussions concerning the reform of the language. The question is how such texts should be formulated to meet the following criteria: (i) the language of the law should be understood by text recipients and (ii) at the same time the language of the law should be precise. Some ambiguity, however, may be intentional and may serve certain purposes. Consequently, legal texts are subject to standardization process as a result of which one may observe the increased number of forms introduced to facilitate legal communication in a broad sense.

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Der auf Herrschaft und Staat bezogene Wortschatz im „Entwurf“ des Ilija Garašanin

Author(s): Radoslav Katičić / Language(s): German Issue: 1(2)/2007

The paper intends to determine Garašanin’s position between Vernacular Serbian and Old Church Slavonic vocabulary and his contribution to the standardization of Serbian literary language.

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Uloga koncepta ‘otvorenosti’ u strukturiranju turskog i hrvatskog vokabulara: kontrastivna analiza

Author(s): Barbara Kerovec / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 13/2016

The paper explores the role of the concept ‘openness’ in structuring of Turkish and Croatian vocabulary by analyzing different meanings of lexemes which primarily denote concrete, physical openness. The analysis aims to show how different meanings of these lexemes are interrelated and which experiential domains they are related to. Being guided by one of the fundamental thesis of Cognitive Linguistics according to which polysemy reflects the way we categorize our knowledge and conceptualize the world we live in, the paper points to similarities and differences between the two languages with respect to the importance that the concept ‘openness’ has in conceptualizing of other, less concrete and abstract experiences. It also addresses the ways these experiences are lexicalized by taking into account typological differences between the two languages.

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Philologie als Schlüssel zu den nach morphologischen Prinzipien adaptierten Polonismen im Russischen

Author(s): Michael Moser / Language(s): German Issue: 1(2)/2007

Most typically, the integration of inter-Slavic loanwords functions on the morphological, not on the phonological level, provided that the morphemes are etymologically transparent from an inter-Slavic perspective. Therefore, a philological approach offers the most important criteria for establishing which words can most probably be regarded as interSlavic loans. If a word is testified for the first time exclusively in translations from another Slavic language or in texts that were written by authors who were well acquainted with Polish, Ukrainian, or Belarusian, it is most likely to be a loan. In this article, the words строгий ‘rigorous’, порядок ‘order’, причина ‘reason’ and гречный ‘kind’ are analyzed in order to demonstrate some typical characteristics of Polish loans in Russian.

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Klasyfikacja eponimów języka węgierskiego i polskiego

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Ráduly / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1(2)/2007

Juxtaposing Hungarian and Polish eponyms, the author establishes that they overlap to the great degree. Similarly, the europeanisms of cultural vocabulary, special terminology and phraseology are quite the same in the two languages. All these are manifestations of common European culture and spirituality.

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Die slavischen Bezeichnungen für den ‘Streik’

Author(s): Johannes Reinhart / Language(s): German Issue: 1(2)/2007

The languages of the world present either native designations for the notion of ‘strike (= ‘the organized refusal to work’)’ (e. g. Arab. iđra:b, Chin. bà gōng, Indon. pemogokan, Ivrit švita) or they have borrowed the term in question (Japan. sutoraiku < English, Turk. grev < French, Malag. grevy < French). In European languages a similar situation can be observed, although the English word strike has been borrowed in relatively numerous languages (Danish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish). Some European languages, however, preferred the French word grève (Albanian, Portuguese, Rumanian). The Slavic languages are no exception to the general European tendency: some borrowed the Anglicism—directly or via German—(Croatian/Serbian, Macedonian, Polish, Slovak, Ukrainian, Upper Sorbian), others resorted to native terms (Czech stávka, Russ. stačka). Altogether the Slavic languages have five different groups for the designation of the notion of ‘strike’. It is a peculiarity of Slavic languages that some of them have borrowed the designation of ‘strike’ from other Slavic languages (Bulgarian < Russian; Belorussian, Ukrainian < Russian; Slovene, Upper Sorbian < Czech).

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Ungarischer Einfluss im kroatischen Schriftsystem von Faust Vrančić

Author(s): István Vig / Language(s): German Issue: 1(2)/2007

The five-language dictionary of Faust Vrančić is the first one which includes separate Croatian word entries. As in the sixteenth century there was no standard Croatian orthography, that of Faust Vrančić is worth studying because the dictionaries influenced the orthography of their users. In the present article, the author examines eight letters signifying consonants. For these letters, there cannot be any precedent in the phonetic and orthographic system of Latin. First of all, the graphics of the letters is presented and the graphemes of Hungarian origin are identified. These latter can be divided into two groups: firstly, the letters loaned by Vrančić from Hungarian-language writings directly, and secondly, those which, although being of Hungarian origin, were taken from the Kaikavian Croatian books printed before the publication of the dictionary. Contrary to the opinion widespread in Croatian scholarly literature, for his work Vrančić did not invent any new letter but consciously selected graphemes extant in other languages.

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Slovenská terminológia liečenia v odborných slovníkoch konca 19. a začiatku 20. storočia

Author(s): Mária Žiláková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1(2)/2007

The paper describes the process of the crystallization of official medical terminology in Slovakian in Hungary on the basis of data collected from four dictionaries as well as its connections to folk medical terminology which formed a stable part of the vocabulary at the end of the 19th c. and at the beginning of the 20th c.

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Volodymyr Navroc’kyj - Beispiel eines engagierten Ukrainophilen aus den 1860ern

Author(s): Marina Höfinghoff / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2008

Galicia in the second half of the 19th century was home to two main groups which differed in their attitudes toward the composition of the Ukrainian literary language: one group (the West Ukrainian Russophiles) favoured the use of a standard language heavily influenced by Russian and Church Slavic elements, the second one took attempts to create a modem Ukrainian (“Ruthenian”) language prevalently on the basis of the folk language. Volodymyr Navroc’kyj, who was one of the founders of the Galician Ukrainian national movement and took an active part in the development of the national idea among the “narodovci”, realised the obligation of participating in the process of national building as well as in the formation of Ukrainian terminologies, particularly terminologies of natural sciences. A detailed analysis of his morphology, his grammar, and his lexical base, particularly his contribution to the development of Ukrainian terminologies, reflects the will to create the Galician variant of the Modem Ukrainian standard language and shows how this variant of the Ukrainian language was heterogeneous and complex.

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KÖNYVISMERTETÉS

Author(s): Miklós Szabó,Zsolt Visy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2005

Review of: 1. K. Gehrig: Die Greifenprotomen aus dem Heraion von Samos. (Samos IX.) Bonn 2004. XI + 354 oldal, 13 szövegközi kép, 130 tábla by: Szabó Miklós 2. Tulok M.–Makkay J.: Angol–magyar és magyar–angol régészeti kifejezések szótára. English–Hungarian and Hungarian–English dictionary of archaeological terms. Enciklopédia Kiadó, Budapest 2004 by: Visy Zsolt

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Бессонница

Author(s): Mihály Péter / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2005

The рарег attempts а comparative analysis of five poems about insomnia written bу eminent Russian poets through the interval of 125 years. Performed on the rhythmic, phonic, syntactic, lexical and stylistic 1evels, the analysis displays the “narrowness of poetic space”: over and above their individual character, аll the five poems аrе based upon the Puškinian poetic principles, i.е. on the functional synthesis of different stylistic layers, the “architectonic” arrangement of phonic devices, and others. At the same time, the peculiar mental state of insomnia bringing to the surface some essential (mostly harassing or anxious) thoughts and feelings of the sleepless subject, the poems reveal deep-rooted elements of the authors’ vision of the world.

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COLOR NAMES AND THEIR SUFFIXES A STUDY ON THE HISTORY OF MONGOLIAN WORD FORMATION

Author(s): Bayarma Khabtagaeva-Kempf / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2001

Mongolian word formation and Mongolian color names are considered a neglected field of study in Mongolistic literature. The aim of this paper is to find out if there is an affinity between certain lexical groups and specific word-forming suffixes. In order to answer this question, the author collected material on Mongolian word formation connected with color names. Of the 108 suffixes examined, 49 are used with color names and other lexical groups, and 59 are restricted to color names, that is, they show special affinity to a specific lexical group, namely, to color names.

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MATERIALS OF THE TUVINIAN LANGUAGE IN CHINA

Author(s): Geng Shimin / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2000

The author collected linguistic materials among the Tuvinians living in China. The language of the Tuva in China is basically the same as that spoken in Russia and shows only small local differences. The texts are given in transcription with translation and commentaries. A list of suffixes and a glossary are added.

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NEW LIGHT ON THE VERSE 112 OF THE KRSIPARÄSARA

Author(s): Gyula Wojtilla / Language(s): English Issue: 2-3/2001

The description of the plough in the Krsiparasara has been a puzzle for generations of Sanskrit philologists. What especially pained me was the disfunctional character of this description: among the eight essential parts the ploughshare was missing. The turning up of an until now unknown manuscript from The Library of Congress has brought a basic change: it contains the expected reading phalika “ploughshare” for pasika an otherwise meaningful term “rope” that could have been adjusted to the context only by rather strained explanations.

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NOTE ON SOME OLD TURKIC WORDS

Author(s): Geng Shimin / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2002

As a Turkolog of having studied the Qazaq language for more than 20 years (1952-1975), in the following I will give some notes on several Old Turkic wor connected with the Qazaq language.

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TRACES OF THE PEAR-TREE CULT IN THE CAUCASUS

Author(s): Éva Csáki / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2002

Tree cult of the Turks has been practised for centuries, but cult under fruit trees like pear-tree has not been noticed. In this article traces of the pear-tree cult in the Caucasus is outlined. The Karachay-Balkar Turks living in the Caucasus denote pear with the word kertme, while it is not so in the majority of Turkic languages. This word was borrowed by Hungarians most probably around the Kuban river north to the Caucasus before the conquest of the Carpathian Basin, their later homeland. Hungarians might also have acquired the worship of the pear-tree that time and in that area, because already in the first written sources (in the form of family- and place names) it is well documented. Hints of the pear cult can also be seen in the children’s songs in connection with the ‘pear-tree’. We can state that the pear-tree cult was known in the Kuban region before 680-700 A.D., for the Hungarians left for Etelköz in those years and did not return there ever after.

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SOME MIDDLE BULGARIAN LOAN WORDS IN THE VOLGA KIPCHAK LANGUAGES

Author(s): Klára Agyagási / Language(s): English Issue: 1-3/2002

The author has shortly surveyed the history of the widening of the term “Bulgar Turkic phonological criteria”. The last summary of the results of research on the Bulgar-Turkic criteria and their chronological validity was made by Lajos Ligeti in his monograph on Turkic-Hungarian linguistic interrelations (1986). In the paper the author has presented several recent Middle Bulgar-Turkic loans of the Volga Kipchak dialects, following Ligeti’s criteria: (1) the prothetic y-; (2) the initial ! < si/sï; (3) Ancient Turkic -n ~ Chuvash -m.

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OLD TURKIC LOAN WORDS IN HUNGARIAN

Author(s): András Róna-Tas,Adrián Berta / Language(s): English Issue: 1-3/2002

The paper gives an overview of earlier research on the Turkic loan words in Hungarian from the Middle Ages until the work of L. Ligeti. It discusses the main achievements of Ligeti, who would be a hundred years old this year. Finally the paper outlines the main aims and methods according to which the authors work on a new etymological dictionary of the Old Turkic elements in the Hungarian language. Three sample articles close the paper.

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