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Leksika s pomenskega polja »gospodarska poslopja, kmečko dvorišče in kmečka opravila« v vzhodnem slovenskogoriškem podnarečju
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Leksika s pomenskega polja »gospodarska poslopja, kmečko dvorišče in kmečka opravila« v vzhodnem slovenskogoriškem podnarečju

Author(s): Mihaela Koletnik / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2013

In this paper, the author analyzes lexical items defined by a questionnaire of the Slovene Linguistic Atlas (SLA) and used for outbuildings, farmyard as well as farm chores in the eastern Slovenske gorice sub-dialect, which belongs to the Pannonian dialectal group. In the SLA questionnaire, the above-mentioned lexical items are gathered in no less than seven sections, including the questionnaire’s grammar part. For that reason, the Dialectological Section of the Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian Language ZRC SAZU divided the lexical items into meaningful parts, namely, “outbuildings and farmyard”, “farm chores”, and “other”. The data collected from six local dialects (only two are included into the research points’ network for SLA) show that in the eastern Slovenske gorice sub-dialect, eighty-six lexemes are used for the items analyzed in the article. Two thirds of the lexemes are of Slavonic origin and hardly one third was overtaken from neighbouring Germanic (84%) and Romance (15%) languages in different periods. The dialectal vocabulary of Slovenske gorice sub-dialect analyzed in the paper is almost forgotten by the middle-aged and younger generations, so the research is a tiny but important contribution to the preservation of the Slovene linguistic cultural heritage.

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Ungarischer Einfluss auf die kroatischen Lexeme im fünfsprachigen Wörterbuch von Faust Vrančić
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Ungarischer Einfluss auf die kroatischen Lexeme im fünfsprachigen Wörterbuch von Faust Vrančić

Author(s): István Vig / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2013

This paper analyzes Hungarian–Croatian equivalents in Vrančić’s dictionary. It concludes that Vrančić did not know the Croatian equivalents of some of the Latin words, so he created new words on the pattern of the corresponding Hungarian lexemes. His expressions can be classified as various types of loanshifts. It is only his loan translations that prove to be correct, his suggestions are usually wrong either in semantic or functional aspects. The given examples also cast light on the fact that Vrančić is confident, he does not hesitate to create new words and he is ready to ignore some of the rules of word formation as well.

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Maďarské lexikálne prvky v českom slovníku Juraja Palkoviča
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Maďarské lexikálne prvky v českom slovníku Juraja Palkoviča

Author(s): Péter Király / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2011

The Slovak evangelical priest Juraj Palkovič (Georg Palkowitsch), who worked as a professor in Bratislava, collected 240 loanwords borrowed from Hungarian or through Hungarian mediation in his two-volume dictionary published in 1820 and 1821 as a Czech language edition. His work reflects the language situation of Slovak evangelical people living in Hungary in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Zuverlässigkeit älterer mehrsprachiger Wörterbücher am Beispiel des fünfsprachigen Dictionariums von Faust Vrančić
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Zuverlässigkeit älterer mehrsprachiger Wörterbücher am Beispiel des fünfsprachigen Dictionariums von Faust Vrančić

Author(s): István Vig / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2012

Historical lexicography and history of words fail to examine the validity of the words in old dictionaries. This gap is attempted to be filled up with this present study on the five-language dictionary (Latin, Italian, German, Croatian, and Hungarian) compiled by Faust Vrančić, a Croatian author, published in 1595, which is analyzed by seven criteria. The words analyzed are equivalent to Latin nouns and adjectives. The Latin lexemes comprise more than half of the entries, which is a substantial sample to draw general conclusions. It is pointed out in the study that the dictionary provided help primarily in understanding Latin texts. It may have been to the greatest use of speakers of the four (non-Latin) vulgar languages at mother tongue competence or those who were familiar with them. The dictionary seems not to have been adequate in all cases for those interested in these languages to enlarge their vocabulary.

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REVIEWS

Author(s): Gyula Káldy-Nagy,Alice Sárközi,Sándor Csúcs / Language(s): English,German Issue: 4/2011

Review of: 1. KATE FLEET (ed.): The Cambridge History of Turkey. Volume 1: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071– 1453. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009, XVI, 522 pp., 3 maps. ISBN 978-0521-62093-2. by: Gyula Káldy-Nagy 2. Dictionary of Sonom Gara’s Erdeni-yin Sang. A Middle Mongol Version of the Tibetan Sa skya Legs bshad. Mongol–English–Tibetan by GYÖRGY KARA. With the assistance of MARTA KIRIPOLSKÁ. Leiden–Boston, Brill, 2009 (Brill’s Inner Asian Library, vol. 23. Editors: N. di Cosmo, D. Deweese, C. Humphrey.) 337 pp. ISSN 1566-7162, ISBN 978 90 04 17579 2 by: Alice Sárközi 3. GERHARD FRIEDRICH MÜLLER: Ethnographische Schriften I. Bearbeitet von WIELAND HINTZSCHE und ALEKSANDR CHRISTIANOVIČ ĖLERT, unter Mitarbeit von HEIKE HEKLAU. Halle, Verlag der Franckeschen Stiftungen zu Halle, 2010. (Quellen zur Geschichte Sibiriens und Alaskas aus russischen Archiven VIII.) by: Sándor Csúcs

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SOGDIAN ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES

Author(s): Ilya Yakubovich / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

The paper addresses meanings and etymologies of several problematic Sogdian lexemes. Sogd. ’ps’ynk- ‘motley’ is compared with Ved. piśánga- ‘red, red-brown’, Sogd. ’pt’r- ‘to pluck’ is analysed as a derivative of Ir. *dar ‘to tear’, ’rw’št(’)k ‘fixed, established’ is argued to represent an etymological participle of IE *(ə1)werĝ ‘to lock’, Sogd. ’rwynt- is assigned the meaning ‘to massage’ and linked to Av. varəduua- ‘soft’, Sogd. (’)sty(y)w ‘although, even (if)’ is traced back to the phrase *’sty yw, approximately ‘be it (that)’, Sogd. ’ynδ(’y) is assigned a general meaning ‘female attendant’ and reconstructed as Ir. *yaunī dāhī ‘young female slave’. Sogd. βrk’yr- ‘to neglect’ is compared with YAv. kāraiia- ‘to celebrate, praise’, on the assumption that the semantic pejoration in the Sogdian lexeme is due to the prefix *fra-. The proposed original meaning of Sogd. ptfr’w- ‘to float up in memory’ is argued to point to its connection with Ir. *fraw ‘to swim, float’. Sogd. θrβ- ‘to tremble’ is analysed as an irregular derivative of *θrap/tarp ‘to be unsteady, to move unsteadily’.

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BETWEEN ARABIC AND COPTIC IN A BILINGUAL MANUSCRIPT OF THE PENTATEUCH: THE CASE OF LA‘ALLA لعل

Author(s): Ofer Livne-Kafri / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

The Arabic version of the Pentateuch in MS Paris BN copte 1 (14th century) was basically translated from the Bohairic Coptic version which is set in parallel columns to it. The comparison of the two versions is sometimes very instructive regarding the transition period in which the main language for the Copts in Egypt was Arabic, but Coptic was not completely forgotten. The translation choices of the Arabic word لعل are examples of changes in meanings, connotations and functions of that word in Middle Arabic in general, and under the influence of Coptic in particular. The studies of Joshua Blau on Christian-Arabic and Judaeo-Arabic of the Middle Ages, and of Ariel Shisha-Halevy on the Bohairic dialect are extremely important for establishing any study of this kind.

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RECENT TRENDS IN MONGOLIC STUDIES

Author(s): András Róna-Tas / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

Review of: 1. JANHUNEN, J. (ed.): The Mongolic Languages. Helsinki, 2003. 2. STAROSTIN, S. – DYBO, A. – MUDRAK, O.: Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages. Leiden–Boston, 2003. 3. SVANTESSON, J. O. – TSENDINA, A. – KARLSSON, A. M. – FRANZÉN, V.: The Phonology of Mongolian. Oxford, 2005. 4. RACHEWILTZ, I. DE – RYBATZKI, V.: Introduction to Altaic Philology. Turkic, Mongolian, Manchu. Leiden–Boston, 2010. 5. KANE, D.: The Kitan Language and Script. Leiden–Boston, 2009. by: András Róna-Tas

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THE SYSTEM OF KINSHIP AND AFFINITY TERMS IN MIDDLE MONGOLIAN

Author(s): Pavel Rykin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

This paper deals with the structural analysis of the system of kinship and affinity terms in Middle Mongolian based on all known lexicographical and narrative sources. The system of kinship and affinity terms is seen as a separate lexical group which is to be studied by methods of structural semantics, in particular by the method of componential analysis. This method is for the first time applied to the study of Middle Mongolian vocabulary. The meaning of each kinship or affinity term is defined in the meta-language of componential analysis in its two varieties, main structural features of the system are discovered and defined, the dialectal distribution, inter- and intradialectal lexical differences among the terms are described and presented in the form of tables. The morphological classification of the terms is given, the question of the polysemy of some of them is touched upon. The author comes to the conclusion that East Middle Mongolian dialects and their system of kinship and affinity terms could be in a more archaic stage of development than the language of West Middle Mongolian literary monuments. The results of the semantic analysis are compared with some historical and ethnographical data on the Mongolian social structure of the imperial period (in particular on kinship system and marriage rules).

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“Rare words” in classical Tamil literature: from the Uriyiyal to the Tivākaram

Author(s): Jean-Luc Chevillard / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2010

This article examines the organisation of the Uriyiyal, which is the 8th chapter inside the 2nd book of the Tolkāppiyam, the most ancient Tamil grammatical work preserved. That chapter, because it provides (approximate) synonyms for 120 “unfrequent words”, many of them polysemic, represents the earliest lexicographical attempt in Tamil. Those 120 words all belong to the category of uriccol, a residual lexical category, examined by the Tolkāppiyam once the nouns (peyarccol), the verbs (viṉaiccol) and the particles (iṭaiccol) have been dealt with in earlier chapters. The final section of the article examines the posterity of the Uriyiyal, which becomes a marginal section in grammatical literature, but finds its full development in the different scholarly landscape which is created with the composition of thesauri such as the Tivākaram and its successors.

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Humour as a tool in communicating proverbial wisdom in Polish graffiti
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Humour as a tool in communicating proverbial wisdom in Polish graffiti

Author(s): Grzegorz Szpila / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

The paper discusses the treatment of proverbial wisdom in Polish graffiti by drawing upon nearly 100 paremic structures collected on Polish Internet sites in the last decade. Proverbs in mural writing are classified as existential graffiti inscriptions due to their general rather than individualized reference. Graffiti writers challenge the potential of universal application of proverbs, paraphrazing the original forms, creating anti-proverbs in the process, with an eye to exposing the limited application of paremic wisdom or rejecting proverbs as entirely unsuitable in the context of modern Polish society. The paper explores the ways in which humour is employed in the use of proverbs in Polish murals.

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О семантике выражения синий как пуп

Author(s): Viktor Moiseenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2010

The paper is devoted to unfolding the hidden original meaning of the East Slavonic idiom синий как пуп, which has the meaning of colour.

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Слова и выражения, производные от имен литературных героев в венгерском и польском языках

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Ráduly / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2010

A special part of the lexicon of each language is formed by proper names that became common words, i.e. eponyms. The aim of this study is the presentation of eponyms that derive from the names of famous heroes in literature. These heroes usually have some characteristic attributes or accomplished a special deed, and the words deriving from their names symbolise the given attribute or deed.

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Küzmičev prevod Novega zakona v luči prevzemanja besed iz madžarščine

Author(s): Mária Bajzek / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2009

This paper analyzes the spiritual background of the Mura Region Slovenian priest Števan Küzmič’a (1723–1779) oeuvre, especially the circumstances and sources of his translation of the Bible, looking for the answer if he really translated the New Testament from Greek as it is stated in the title. Hungarian Calvinists were provided with two translations of the Bible when the Slovenian version was made, thanks to György Bárány and János Szabó Sartorius. The structure, content and message of the forewords written by József Torkos to Števan Küzmič’s Slovenian and András Torkos’s Hungarian translation of the Bible is similar. In Küzmič’s case the use of Hungarian patterns can be proved by borrowings from Hungarian, word formation based on Hungarian models as well as Hungarian governments and idioms. Števan Küzmič aimed at the purity of the Mura Region language but he had to borrow also from other languages to translate the complex Biblical text properly. He created a great work for Slovenians, raising the Mura Region Slovenian onto the level of a standard language.

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PHONISCHE MITTEL BEI NIEDERLÄNDISCHEN ANTISPRICHWÖRTERN IM INTERNET
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PHONISCHE MITTEL BEI NIEDERLÄNDISCHEN ANTISPRICHWÖRTERN IM INTERNET

Author(s): Stanisław PRĘDOTA / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2007

Traditional adages are nowadays treated as old-fashioned and met with opposition. As a result witty parodies of proverbs are being created for which a term has been coined by Wolfgang Mieder: anti-proverbs. Collections of such anti-proverbs appear not only in print but also more and more often on the Internet. In creating Dutch anti-proverbs phonic, morphological, syntactical or lexical means are used. To phonic means belong metatheses, substitutions, elisions and sound adjunctions.

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Adaptacije germanizama u međimurskom dijalektu

Author(s): Đuro Blažeka / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2009

In this paper the author analyzes a corpus of Germanisms that have been collected in field research of the dialect of Međimurje. The corpus is analyzed in terms of parts of speech, in terms of extralinguistic reality to which the words belong and in terms of their phonological, morphological and semantic adaptations. A special effort is made to include the variations of replicas at different local points of the dialect of Međimurje in terms of expression and contents. In the chapter on semantic adaptations, a special emphasis is made on the analysis of the seven different kinds of recent secondary semantic adaptations by means of which all the Germanism that have their equivalents in the standard Croatian prolong their presence in the active vocabulary of the speakers of the dialect of Međimurje.

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Калькирование как способ номинации в русском языке на переломе ХХ и ХХІ столетий

Author(s): Éva Fórián / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

The author’s aim is to draw attention to this implicit way of borrowings from English into Russian. After a brief introduction to modem loan-translation research (the notion of substitution and its verification), she proposes to explain this kind of lexical process with a great number of examples arranged according to J. Obara’s typology (first published in 1989).

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Несколько замечаний по поводу разного содержания видовой оппозиции русского глагола

Author(s): László Jászay / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

The first part of the paper studies the main types of aspectual pairs, while the second part examines the variants of aspectual oppositions which are distinguished within the same type of opposition, that is, regarding even one concrete aspectual pair. In the latter case, the author suggests that a distinction should be made between strong opposition as a lexico-grammatical one and weak opposition without any lexico-semantic modification. The weak opposition is further divided into the trivial type (corresponding completely to the lexical equivalence constraint of aspectual correlates) and the privative type.

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Еще раз об этимологии наименования цвета босый/бусов

Author(s): Viktor Moiseenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

The author of the article gives a comparative description of Russian and other Slavonic denominations of wild and domestic animals whose names derive from that of colour.

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What Can the Ŗgveda Tell Us on Agriculture?
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What Can the Ŗgveda Tell Us on Agriculture?

Author(s): Gyula Wojtilla / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2003

The study fills the gaps in the lingustical database bearing on agriculture in the age of the Ŗgveda. Several corrections of existing standpoints have been made concerning purely philological issues as well as the semantical field of certain agricultural terms. The unbiassed reassessment of etymology of some terms reveals that beside the terms of Indo-European origin there are terms from extinct languages while the number of items of Dravidian origin is meagre and the Austro-Asiatic influence can be excluded. Language contacts with the Bactria-Margiana Complex (BMAC) must be taken into consideration. The all-around analysis of lingustic data and archaeological evidence together with the observations of historical ethnography allows us to form a more balanced view of economic conditions: although pastoralism played a dominant part in the life of Indo-Aryan speakers in the Panjab in the second half of the second millennium B.C., agriculture including wheat production gained also an established position in the region. Both the negligence and the overestimation of agriculture in this system are erroneous viewpoints.

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