Synonimia w XVII-wiecznych poradnikach rolniczych Jakuba Kazimierza Haura (rzeczowniki)

Author(s): Cecylia Galilej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The article discusses the problem of noun synonyms in the seventeenth-centuryagricultural guidebooks by Jakub Kazimierz Haur. The research focused on two importantaspects: 1) similarity of meaning between synonyms (the semantic criterion), and 2)interchangeability of synonyms (the criterion of context). A detailed analysis shows thatin addition to the basic distinction between full and partial synonyms there are severalvarious combinations of synonyms that were created on the basis of two main criteria,which are used in a description of synonymy.

Przymiotnikowy formant -asy (-̓asy) jako przykład słowotwórczego archaizmu peryferycznego

Author(s): Irena Jaros / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The author presents a formant -asy (-‘asy) creating names of colours, e.g. białasy,czerwonasy, szarasy, żółtasy, that existed in the old Polish language until the second part ofthe 18th century. These are adjectival derivatives whose meaning is related to a partial orweakened feature defined in the word-formation base. In the Polish dialects derivatives wereformed with the help of a formant -asy not only from adjectives naming colours e.g. burasy,modrasy, posiwasy, but also from those naming flavours e.g. słodkasy, physical characteristicsof objects e.g. mokrasy, przydługasy, and negative features of living beings e.g. głuptasy,ubogasy, starasy. The author indicates their geographical range - north, south and insulareastern peripheries of Polish lingual area – on the basis of the data taken from publishedsources. The appearance of derivatives with a morpheme -as- created from an adjectivebiały, that originate from other Slavonic languages, suggest that the morpheme was knownin the whole Slavic territory. The persistence of the formant -asy in the old Polish languageand Polish dialects makes our ethno-lingual area the example of peripheral territory wherethe innovation occurred in the connectivity of the mentioned suffix with basic adjectivesof various meaning.

Przezwiska i pseudonimy sportowców

Author(s): Marcin Kojder,Mariusz Koper / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The authors present a selection of sportspersons’ nicknames and pseudonyms used in the Polish and European media. The onomastic material was excerpted from the press, radio, television and the Internet. Dozens of personal names of Polish and world sportspersons were collected and analysed. The material was taken from the texts in, among others, Polish, English, German and Spanish. This paper aims at a typology of sportspersons’ nicknames and pseudonyms and it constitutes an attempt to unveil the primary onomastic and language-systemic mechanisms behind such formations. Also, their semantic as well as structural-grammatical motivation is discussed.

Same swoje onimy filmowe – analiza wybranych nazw własnych pierwszej części trylogii Sylwestra Chęcińskiego i Andrzeja Mularczyka

Author(s): Monika Kresa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The article has aimed to present the history and determinants of a few proper nouns used in Polish comedy Sami swoi. The title of the movie, the name of the place that Kargul and Pawlak come from, the name of the place where the action of the comedy takes place and the name of the main character have been analyzed. The analysis was based on archive materials (screenplay, radio drama, shorthand records) which helped the author to investigate changes in film onomastics, and to point out some extra-linguistic factors which influenced the model of film onomastics. Likewise, a connection between the proper nouns used in the film, its plot and its general reception was established.

„Świat na talerzu” i „Masterchef” – nazewnicza onomastyka medialna w zakresie kulinariów

Author(s): Joanna Szczęk,Marcelina Kałasznik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The aim of our analysis is to present the names of television programs about culinary issues and magazines of this type. The collected corpus will be used to draw conclusions about the motivations of medionyms of this type, their semantics and pragmatics.Słowa kluczowe: onomastyka medialna, kulinaria, kulinarne nazwy medialne

Analiza dyskursywno-genologiczna nazw telewizyjnych programów publicystycznych w Polsce (2005–2015)

Author(s): Ewa Szkudlarek-Śmiechowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The aim of the article is a discursive and genealogical analysis of proper names of television current affairs programmes. The linguistic characteristics (structural, semantic and functional) of television broadcasts’ titles are related mostly to their self-presentation strategies and self-promotional functions. By naming, a television broadcaster creates, above all, the television’s image as an institution which safeguards freedom of speech, which is objective, pluralistic, truth-revealing and which brings a univocal resolution to socially important issues

Słownictwo dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Dwa pokolenia – dwa światy

Author(s): Halina Zgółkowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2016

The main subject area of this study is intergenerational confrontation of the lexical resource of pre- school children. The two generations in question are “parents”, that is people who were children in the period 1980– 1983, and “children”, which is the generation of pre- schoolers in the period 2010– 2015. Frequency dictionaries were developed for both generations on the basis of corpora of spontaneous utterances of children. A comparative overview of both lists permits identification of strictly quantitative changes (the dictionary of 2015 contains ca. 1,000 entries more than the previous one) as well as ones related to social conventions and development of civilization, which are useful in thorough linguistic and psycholinguistic research. This is the basis for indication of two children’s worlds separated from each other with a thirty years’ generational caesura, detection of (lexical and grammatical) linguistic creation areas. What is common for both frequency lists is the regularity consisting in the fact that the list of ten most frequent entries (usually synsemantic words) constitutes ca. 25% of all that were used in samples of 100 thousand, which is the so- called text coverage percentage.

O godzinie siódmej wieczorem w całym mieście zgasło światło – modelowe zdanie inicjalne

Author(s): Marek Ruszkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2016

The sentence cited in the title begins the novel Zazdrość i medycyna (Jealousy and Medicine) by Michał Choromański, which was published in 1933. This paper aims at demonstrating that this initial statement can be considered a model one, that is a very good beginning to an epic work. Having studied the characteristics desired in an initial sentence (enumerated in both theoretical studies and style guides) and carried out stylistic and semantic analysis, the author found M. Choromański’s statement a model one. The contributing elements are as follows: 1. euphonic (the melody of the sentence manifested in a clear caesura nearly exactly in the middle in terms of the number of syllables and in classical proportions between vowels and consonants); 2. syntactic (word order and the related distribution of individual parts of the sentence, dynamism of the statement); 3. semantic (introducing the reader to the centre of extraordinary events, drawing their attention and enforcing their refl ection); 4. graphic (isolating the initial statement in a paragraph). Only the lexis of the examined sentence remains neutral.

Leksem wykon

Author(s): Zofia Smuga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2016

Przemysław Fałowski, Sposoby wzbogacania leksyki potocznej w języku czeskim i chorwackim, Kraków 2015

Author(s): Agnieszka Kołodziej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2017

A Book Review

Тракийските експлозивни съгласни 1. Ономастичният материал

Author(s): Svetlana Yanakieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 20/2012

In connection with the key issue in Thracian phonetics of the graphic variants with alternation of voiceless and voiceless aspirated plosive consonant and variants with alternation of voiced and voiceless consonant different kind of Thracian names have been examined in the paper: hydronyms (Ἄèсõò/ Iatrus/ Ieterus, Ἀèэсáò/ Atyras, Иéáгüëá/ Tiagula, Pathissus/ Parthiscus/ Πáсôßσêον, ФÝáсοò/ ИÝáéсοò, Utus/ Uthis, Timachus/ Timacum, *Óáëäοâõσσοò/ *Óáëôοâõσσοò, Pingus/ Pincus etc.); personal names (like Áěáäοêοò/ Amadochus, Áõëοõêåνèοò/ Aulucentus, Dentis/ Дåνèéò, Danda/ Дáνôù, Еπôησõ÷οò/ Еπôησõêοò, Еπôáêåνèοò/ Eftecentus, Zimarcus/ Жéěáс÷οò, Жåéπáò/ Жåéâáò, Кåôсéποсéò/ Кåäсéποëéò, ÓéôЬëêηò/ Sithalcus, Óπáсôáêοò/ Sparticus/ Óπáсôõ÷οò); settlement names (Ἀсгßäáõá/ Arcidava, Дßåсνá/ Tierna, Кэшåëá/ Chympsala, Мηêэâåсνá/ Мηêэπåсνá, Sparton/ Sparthon, ФЬсáνôοò/ ДЬсáνäοò, Фüěοé/ Thomi); tribal names (Всэгåò/ Всэêåò, Дüëοгêοé/ Dolongi, Ксησôῶνåò/ Γсáσôῶνåò, Фсáõσοß/ Thrausi); god epitheta (Кåνäсåéσοò, Кåνäсåéσåéá/ Кåνôсåéσåéá) etc. The usual explanation of this phenomenon is that it was due to the shifting of consonants in the Thracian language. The following view is substantiated in the paper: The occurrence of names with the variants aspirated/non-aspirated consonants was territorially spread from Dacia, Moesia and Scythia Minor (Pathissus, Ἄèсõò, Thomi, Amadochus) to the Propontis, the Aegean Sea and the islands (Ἀèэсáò, ἈèсõÀëáôοò). Consequently, this variation is not due to the different presence of the Indo-European consonant in two different languages or dialects. A look at the variation of aspirated/non-aspirated consonant shows that some forms with aspirated consonants are earlier than those with non-aspirated ones, as in Ἄèсõò and Timachus, whereas in others they are later (Amadochus, Breierophara, Sithalcus, Óπáсôõ÷οò); in a third category it is not possible to determine a chronological difference (Еπôησõ÷οò, Жéěáс÷οò). Hence, the phenomenon was not a result of any internal linguistic evolution either. In the light of these facts a more appropriate explanation of the cited graphic variants can be the following: the voiceless plosive consonants in Thracian, due to their different pronunciation compared to the Greek sounds (probably more tense), were also rendered by means of Greek aspirated consonants, which was possible because such consonants were absent in Thracian. There is also the possibility of dual use of the Greek aspirated consonants: on the one hand, for voiceless plosives, and on the other – for spirants. The rendering of a dental spirant can possibly be assumed for some rare cases of è/ σ alternation as in Дåνèåëῆôáé/ Denseletae, Жâåëèοõсäοò/ Жâåëσοõсäοò and Óåэèáò with the form of the genitive variant Óηõσá. In variants of names rendered in some cases by means of a voiced and in other cases – by a voiceless consonant, the explanation should probably be sought again in the imprecise correspondence between the Thracian and Greek or Latin voiced consonants, that is why voiceless consonants were also used in some cases for the graphic rendering of the Thracian ones. The examples of double writing with voiced and voiceless consonant are much fewer than those of alternation of voiceless and voiceless aspirated ones, which might be assumed as an indirect confirmation of the idea of absence of aspirated voiceless consonants in Thracian. I believe that for this reason the Greek aspirated consonants may have also been used to render simple voiceless consonants, whereas the presence of voiceless consonants limited the double transcriptions of the voiced consonants, in spite of their different (softer) pronunciation compared to the respective Greek sounds.

Sedat Veyis Örnek’in Etnoloji Sözlüğü ve Budunbilim Terimleri Sözlüğü’ne Terminolojik Açıdan Bir Bakış

Author(s): Hülya Uysal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 82/2015

Being a Turkish folklorist and scientist Sedat Veyis Örnek has studied on ethnology by adopting the principles of Turkish linguistic revolution and he has not only introduced Turkish terms to Turkish terminology but also contributed to Turcology with his scientific studies. In this article, the terms in Etnoloji Sözlüğü and Budunbilim Terimleri Sözlüğü of Sedat Veyis Örnek, who has contributed to purify foreign terms in Turkish scientific language with Turkish terms being headword in his dictionaries have been evaluated with derivational morphology and terminology. During the course of the study, the terms scanned in both of the dictionaries and the sample scanned terms were classified using the methods employed for the translation of foreign terms into Turkish. The methods which have been applied by Sedat Veyis Örnek are as follows: calque: Alm. Weisse Magie / Fr. magie blanche / İng. white magic > ak büyü; referring to derivational morphemes: Alm. Vervollstaendigung, Integration / Fr. Intégration / İng. Integration > bütünleşme; word combining: Alm. Volkskunde / Fr., İng. folklore / es.t. halkıyyat, folklor > halkbilim; referring to Turkish dialects: Alm. Regenboden / Fr. arc-en-ciel / İng. rainbow / es. t. alaimisema > alkım; referring to historical texts: Alm. Ekstase / Fr. extase / İng. ecstasy / es.t. vecde gelme > esrime. It has been concluded that lexical entry terms in the dictionaries are substantially Turkish though there are foreign terms which are derivated from Eastern and Western languages. These lexical entries indicate that Sedat Veyis Örnek has not only adopted and reflected the policy of Turkish Linguistic Revolution while translating foreign terms into Turkish but he also supported the studies conducted within the frame of this policy.

Lexical Peculiarities of Dialogical Genres of Chat, Blog and Forum in British and Ukrainian Internet Space: a Comparative Aspect

Author(s): Olexiy Borisov / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2016

The article is devoted to establishing of the influence peculiarities in the British and Ukrainian virtual dialogical communication on the material of such genres as chats, blogs and forums. The isomorphic and allomorphic features of the use of lexicon in interlocutors’ behavior as a significant instrument of communicative influence are established and analyzed. The lexicon is compared according to the strata of elevated and low vocabulary of the present-day English and Ukrainian languages. The percentage of the words is presented in every genre of a dialogue in the comparative view and a general statistic conclusion is made on the basis of the data of the whole virtual format of communication.

Karacaoğlan’in Şiirlerinde Sapmalar

Author(s): Yıldız Yenen Avcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 74/2013

Karacaoğlan is a leading figure in folk literature. His rising voice in Anatolian Geography since 16th century, sometimes a agreeable melody, sometimes was embroidered into hearts emotionally charged as a string. In this study, Karacaoğlan’s poems, were aggregated by Müjgân Cunbur, were examined in terms of linguistic deviations. As a result of this study created by description technique; It can be seen that the poet gravitated to some searches to provide the elements of harmony (rhyme, measure compliance) and gave a place solecistic vocable elements. Variations have been identified exemplary use of morphological, lexical, semantical, syntactic and local dialect in the studied poems. Sometimes it can be seen that the poet has reduced attachments (case suffixes of name, possessive suffix, tense and modality suffix) also sometimes used that language particles in accordance with the rules of language in the formal variations To about lexical variation, it is determined that the poet moves with artistic concerns and gives place to original or modified statements. Karacaoğlan tries hard linguistic harmony as well as to catch semantic integrity in his poems like all poets. But while sometimes this poetic concerns conductive to strong meaning, the emergence of a deep metaphor, sometimes leads to the emergence of obscure, vague expressions. In terms of syntactic, it can be seen that the poet hasn’t kept to depend on “determinant+determinated” rule in places, has created his verses with a specific post predicate constituents. In the case of local uses, the poet tries to give a very colorful image. In his poem not only one; but also more than one region’s air is breathed. The poet sometimes speaks local dialect and sometimes goes to alteration these word values. As a result, it is possible to say that these deviations which are caused by artistic concerns ruin linguistic integrity in the poems on the other hand contribute to the beauty of articulation.

Çifit Adina Dair

Author(s): Mustafa Oral / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 63/2010

In this article, we put forward entomological source of word çıfıt, a Persian origin, meant in different meanings, especially in the light of Ottoman topologic records in Medieval and Newage Islamic geography, to point out Jews or to show a Jews settlement. This word has been used in three ways: 1. castles and residential districts formed by Jews in ancient times, 2. Outdoors of Jews habited in Moslem urbans and residential places, 3. Strong castles and islands used by pirates and bandits households in a time.

KARAKTERISTIKE GOVORA PODGORIČKIH MUSLIMANA (NA OSNOVU STARIH RUKOPISA)

Author(s): Adnan Čirgić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 27-28/2004

Govor staropodgoričkih muslimana ulazi u sastav širega istočnocrnogorskog dijalekta, ali se po nizu svojih osobenosti izdvaja u poseban ogranak ovog dijalekta. Na njega je uticao kako govor pravoslavnih sugrađana, tako i albanski jezik kojim se govorilo (i govori) u neposrednom susjedstvu Podgorice. Zajednički život muslimanskog i pravoslavnog stanovništva doprinio je tome da jezički uticaji budu obostrani, ali su podgorički muslimani ipak zadržali neke osobine koje su tipične samo za njihov govor. Podgorica je za vrijeme turske uprave uglavnom pripadala Skadarskom vilajetu i muslimansko stanovništvo koje je tada bilo najbrojnije prirodno je izgradilo i očuvalo niz svojih jezičkih osobenosti koje se nijesu razvile kod drugih nacionalnih grupa njihovog okruženja. Te jezičke karakteristike razvijale su se, naravno, u okviru jezika koji im je bio zajednički sa pravoslavnom podgoričkom populacijom jer su oni uglavnom slovenskog porijekla, pa su tim jezikom govorili i prije dolaska Turaka. Alija Nametak, koji je od 1933. do 1935.godine radio u Podgorici kao profesor Državne trgovačke akademije, u svome članku o običajima i tradiciji podgoričkih muslimana zapisao je: "Iako je ovuda prolazio važan put iz Albanije za Hercegovinu, ipak se ne opaža u narodnom životu uticaj ni šiptarskog ni turskog koliko crnogorskog".

Yavaşça Acele Eden Metin: Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri

Author(s): Jale Özata Dirlikyapan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 60/2009

In this paper, The Book of Dede Korkut which is the most important work of Turkish folk literature will be scrutinized in the light of Calvino's and Todorov's considerations regarding the speed of narrative. We recognize the saying which Clavo has mentioned „tale does not waste time“ in the Dede Korkut tales as „the language of minstrel is swift“. Abeit the speed of narration the phrases and epithets decelerates the time. With these epithets, readers sees the past experiences of the heroes successfully like photo frames. Todorov explains the difference between adjectives and verbs, and mentions that the former is that it „exists“ and latter is that it „occurs“ in Dede Korkut tales, these exist jointly in harmony. Dede Korkut tales reflect the harmonic unity of speed and slowness, and in this sense can be reconsidered with the Latin phrase: “make haste slowly“.

Имена за места в благоевградския говор

Author(s): Lilyana Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2013

The article analyzes the names of places which is incorporated in the lexical system of the Blagoevgrad speech. It presents the skins of male, female and neuter gender.

Хиландарски спис "О осам врста речи" – превод са српскословенског језика и коментари

Author(s): Gordana Jovanović,Miroslav Vukelić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 53/2016

The first known Slavonic grammatical treatise The Eight Parts of Speech survives in forty-three manuscripts, the two oldest of which (from the14th and 15th century respectively) belong to the Serbian, while all the others belong to the Russian redaction. Our study seeks to show that the text relies mostly (but not only) on The Art of Grammar by Dionysius Thrax and on his disciples. An analysis of the Slavonic grammatical terms and their Greek basis is followed by the translation of the text from Old Church Slavonic into contemporary Serbian furnished with necessary commentaries.

Vëzhgim në fjalorin e Kosovës

Author(s): Qemal Murati / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 45/2015

In the dialects of the linguistics’ areal of Kosova there is saved a rich and independent fund of words, lexical units and phraseologisms, syntagms, and ingrained expressions of words that show linguistic and ethnocultural vitality and antiquity, not only of this area, but of the whole Albanian language. In the corpus of the vocabulary of the Albanian discourses of Kosova, there are used words of Albanian origin, as well as borrowed lexical elements from Serbian, Turkish, etc., which are of interest to enrich the literary and history of Albanian language. In the dictionary of idioms of Albanian language of Kosova, there are presented some distinctive features with a distinctive character in the vocabulary field, words which are used with different phonetic and semantic variants, in different regions of Kosova valley, and Dukagjin valley. Kosova’s vocabulary is consisted with special words and phrases called ethnographisms, expressing concepts of Albanian archaic habits of a great antiquity of this ethnolect (burrnēsh, kapuç, e pame , leçit, a mujte?, të fala mashkujve, etj.).