Сећање на проф. др Гордану Вуковић
Review of: Ružić, Vladislava; Pavlović, Slobodan [Eds.] (2011), Leksikologija, onomastika, sintaksa: Zbornik u čast Gordani Vuković; Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.
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Review of: Ružić, Vladislava; Pavlović, Slobodan [Eds.] (2011), Leksikologija, onomastika, sintaksa: Zbornik u čast Gordani Vuković; Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.
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This paper analyses the Old French verbs of deviner and adeviner, taking into consideration a corpus consisting of numerous editions with respective glossaries and linguistic notes. With regard to this, the paper aims at overcoming certain limitations of basic dictionaries: in some cases, conventional meanings proposed by them do not serve the purpose of adequate translation.
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Review of: Geeraerts, Dirk (2010), Theories of Lexical Semantics, Oxford: OUP.
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Recent decades have seen intensive extrapolation of concepts belonging to various fields of knowledge to the field of education, which has determined a wide range of problems within educational terminology. The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of extrapolation of concepts as a factor contributing to the appropriate epistemic development of education glossary. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted using the following methods (1) reviewing a number of international, refereed studies into the issues of glossaries within various fields of knowledge; (2)revealing and summarizing the criteria for the epistemic appropriateness of terminology within social sciences and humanities; (3) identification of factors contributing to epistemically normalized development of education glossary; (4) development of a theoretical project devoted to appropriate “educational borrowings” of terms and clichés from other fields of knowledge. Results. Using a grounded theory approach, the article categorizes positive and negative outcomes of the extrapolation of the concepts belonging to various fields of knowledge to education. The authors introduce a theoretical criterion of “appropriate terminological extrapolation” constructed as a synthesis of the following stylistically expressed requirements: ‘correspondence between secondary and original interpretation of meanings’, ‘integration of the extrapolated concept in the field of education’, and ‘constructive and creative focus’. Conclusions. The study identified the following criteria for appropriate extrapolation of terminology: (1) correspondence between “educational focus” of the term extrapolated from other fields and its original meaning; (2) integration of the borrowed term in the field of education; (3) new meaning and capacity to function and reveal meaning components in the field of education; (4) possibility of the term to be integrated in the constructive development of education.
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The paper discusses the idea of using parallel corpora for the extraction of terminological units used to identify semantic frames of aviation, as the first step in developing a method for determining specialized semantic frames. The process of compiling the parallel corpus of texts taken from the Eur-Lex database using Sketch Engine tools is described first. The methodology of extracting term candidates and their manual verification is then presented, as well as the process of extracting and verifying relevant verbs. The results of term verification are discussed, with the focus on the role of verbs and verbal collocations in identifying relevant semantic frames and frame elements.
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Review of: Jolanta Gaivenytė-Butler - Aiškinamasis dietologijos terminų žodynėlis / Laisvūnė Petkevičienė. – Vilnius: Homo liber, 2018. – 47, [1] p. – Bibliogr.: p. 43–44; Kn. taip pat: Pratarmė / Rimantas Stukas, apie autorę / Erika Kubilienė, p. 45–47. – Tiražas 200 egz. – ISBN 978-609-446-176-7. Jolanta Gaivenytė-Butler - Aiškinamasis maitinimo įmonių terminų lietuvių–anglų kalbų žodynas / Marija Jonikienė. – Vilnius: Homo liber, 20181. – 164 p. – Tiražas 200 egz. – ISBN 978-609-446-159-0. Jolanta Gaivenytė-Butler - Aiškinamasis miškininkystės terminų žodynas = Лесохозяй-ственный словарь = Forstwirtschaftliches Fachwörterbuch = Dictionary of forestry: (lietuvių–rusų–vokiečių–anglų k. su lotyniškais botanikos, zoologijos ir miško tipologijos terminų vardais) / Leonardas A. Kairiūkštis; [Lietuvos mokslų akademija, Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Miškų institutas, Lietuvos miško ir žemės savininkų asociacija]. – Kaunas: Lututė, 2018. – 736 p. – Bibliogr.: p. 25–32; r-klės: p. 488– 735. – Tiražas [1000] egz. – ISBN 978-9955-37-203-5 (įr.). Jolanta Gaivenytė-Butler - Aiškinamasis projektų valdymo terminų žodynas / Vytautas Būda; ISM Vadybos ir ekonomikos universitetas, Lietuvos projektų vadybos asociacija. – 2-asis patais. leid. – Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras, 2018. – 166, [1] p. – Bibliogr.: p. 164–166 (55 pavad.); Lietuvių–anglų terminų r-klė: p. 116–157. – Tiražas 500 egz. – ISBN 978-5-420-01770-8 (klaidingas). Jolanta Gaivenytė-Butler - Aiškinamasis ryšių su visuomene terminų žodynas [elektroninis išteklius] / Toma Lipskytė (grupės vadovė), Renata Matkevičienė, Orinta Barkauskaitė, Gabija Vaičeliūnaitė, Birutė Norvaišienė; Lietuvos komunikacijos asociacija. – Vilnius, 2018. Jolanta Gaivenytė-Butler - Deutsch–litauisches, litauisch–deutsches Wirtschafts-und Rechtswörterbuch = Vokiečių–lietuvių, lietuvių–vokiečių kalbų verslo ir teisės žodynas / [Yvonne Goldammer, Paulius Jurčys, Sigitas Plaušinaitis]. – Vilnius: Žuvėdra, 2018. – 758, [2] p. – Tiražas [500] egz. – ISBN 978-609-8219-01-2 (įr.). Jolanta Gaivenytė-Butler - Kraštovaizdžio projektuotojo terminų žodynas lietuvių–anglų kalba = Glossary of terms for landscape designer, Lithuanian–English languages / Klaipėdos valstybinė kolegija; [sudarytojos Rita Nekrošienė, Regina Repšienė, Jurga Kučinskienė, Vida Gerikienė, Diana Baravykaitė, Regina Malakauskienė, Reda Tamelienė, Elena Moščenkova, Inga Benetienė]. – Kaunas: [Vitae Litera], 2018. – 169, [1] p. – Bibliogr.: p. 166–167 (25 pavad.); Terminų r-klė: p. 108–137. – Tiražas 50 egz. –ISBN 978-609-454-368-5.
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The article presents an analysis of a previously unpublished Mansi dictionary, which was discovered in A. M. Sjögren holding of St. Petersburg Branch Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Its authorship, the place and time of its creation are unknown. The attention can be drawn to the fact that the wordlist coincides with the dictionaries by P. S. Pallas, which were collected in the 18th century. However, in the book by P. S. Pallas “Comparative Dictionaries of all Languages and Dialects Collected by the Right Hand of the All-Important Person” (Saint Petersburg, 1787—1789), these materials are missing for some unknown reason. The article presents the results of the analysis of the dictionary’s features concerning dialectal differentiation in comparison to other dialects of the Mansi language. The text was studied according to its graphical and phonetical features as well as according its dialectal differentiation. This fact and the addition of a comparative analysis of the dictionary with the modern information obtained in the fieldwork permit establishing that the language of the dictionary has an affinity with the Konda (earthern) and Middle-Ob (northern) dialect (the transition of Proto-Mansi *k into x before Proto-Mansi back vowels, the reflex of *ɣ before consonants and at the end of a word). This is confirmed by the lexical isoglosses common with the dialect, recorded near the river Beryozovaya and presented in the dictionary by P. S. Pallas. But in the dictionary a special form of conjugation is marked, which was previously described only for western dialects. The dictionary also shows the archaic preservation of the Proto-Mansi *š that turns into s in the northern Middle-Ob and Sosvinsky dialects, and Proto-Mansi *ɣ in the intervocal position that turns into w in all dialects except for the western Lozvinsky.
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The paper is concerned with the study of adaptation of words from the Chinese language to the Russian language; these loanwords are related to the daily life and culture of China. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing popularity of the Chinese culture and daily phenomena within the Russian society. Therefore, the formation of a scientific image of relevant loanwords and the analysis of their derivational potential in the Russian language seem very necessary and important. This paper aims to identify the derivational, formal-structural, and semantic features of the studied units in the process of their development in the Russian language. The transcription method is mainly used when borrowing words from the Chinese language; thus, the loanwords receive a Russian form and pronunciation along with grammatical characteristics. Based on the results of the semantic assimilation, the following conclusions were made: when loanwords came to the Russian language, the semantics of their prime words can be changed; the semantic volume of some words can be expanded with their further functions in the Russian language, which indicates their full semantic development. According to the results of the derivational-semantic analysis, 149 derivatives were formed on the basis of the studied units in the Russian language. It was revealed that kniga (‘book’; 50 derivatives), chai (‘tea’; 45 derivatives), zhemchug (‘pearl’; 11 derivatives) possess the highest derivative ability. The study of word-formation adaptation allows us to conclude that the realization of the derivational potential of loanwords indicates their importance for the native speakers of the Russian language.
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The article discusses the processes of formal adaptation of loanwords borrowed from European languages into Russian during the XVI and the XVII centuries. The paper deals with the specific features of phonetic, grammatical and word-building assimilation of foreign language vocabulary in the pre-Petrine epoch. The data of historical and etymological dictionaries of the Russian language were used as the research material. The texts of this period demonstrate the beginning of active penetration of borrowings of the European origin into the Russian language, and this process – in particular, the formal assimilation – was specific, since it was complicated by the frequently indirect nature of the borrowings and wide language variation. The peculiarity of the phonetic assimilation of the European borrowings is their proximity to the source language (and the intermediary language) and significant phonetic and graphic variation.In terms of part-of-speech ratio, the Russian language of Moscow Rus’ mainly adopted the nouns and less frequently the verbs from the languages of Europe. Grammatically, these borrowing were completely assimilated and consistently integrated into Russian morphological system. Indeclinable nouns and adjectives are not identified in Old Russian, and the most often varied grammatical feature is gender. Derivatives are actively formed from the borrowed stems, but there is no fundamental difference between the derivation of native and borrowed words.
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Culture and vocabulary are among the fundamental elements of the identity of a language. The culture reflects itself in the nature of the words, and therefore in the language. The changes in the vocabulary of a language display themselves in the culture in return. An investigation into these reflections can yield valuable insights regarding changes in a language over time as well as the syntactic features of a language and cultural values. Vocabulary of a language encompasses many linguistic elements such as proverbs, idioms, reduplications. These elements reveal themselves most vividly in spoken and written cultural productions. Analyzing these lexical units in literary works written both for children and adults may allow us identify the level and structure of the language, the use of lexical elements, and cultural values. To this end, this particular study aims to examine the idioms employed in the stories by Sevim Ak as well as analyze their semantic values for the text. For the analyses of the lexical elements, idioms were specifically chosen because they are widely used both in daily life and other areas and they suggest clues for linguistic and cultural elements. This study is a descriptive study in which 19 stories by Sevim Ak and idioms used in these stories were found. The findings revealed that the author utilized idioms to a great extent, therefore, contributed to its originality and semantic richness. Moreover, they were found to be useful in developing children's vocabulary knowledge and enhance their conceptual understanding.
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Given the undeniable influence of effective language teachers on successful language teaching and learning practices, this study was set out to address the attributes of effective language teachers based on Libyan university level student teachers’ perception. A multi-method approach including both qualitative and quantitative means of data collection was employed in the study. Results indicated that Libyan student teachers placed high importance on 1) Knowledge and credibility including possessing the knowledge of grammar and vocabulary; 2) Delivery principally by encouraging student participation and increasing students’ self-confidence; 3) Fairness as mainly characterized by teacher impartiality; 4) Rapport specifically through features that involved care and attention students; and 5) Organization and Preparation as manifested by prior preparation for every lesson and provision of supplemental material by teachers. The findings have important implications for student teachers and language teachers to improve the efficiency of their teaching practices.
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The present study applies a checklist of linguistic and stylistic categories developed by Leech and Short (2007) to examine the short story “Eleven” written by Sandra Cisneros. Stylistic analysis is the study that examines the level of efficacy in the utility of words or language in a sentence or any writing. In this sense, this study is concerned to provide stylistic analysis of the selected short story concerning its underlying theories from a method of prose text analysis that affianced by literary stylists Leech & Short (1981) to be able to determine its stylistic efficacy concerning lexical category. This study provides awareness in developing and presenting a model for EFL teachers how to use this kind of analysis in EFL context. In this regard, as the analysis is made up the aspects of lexical pattern, it would be prominently crucial in understanding the importance of how to select literary texts for language learners to be able to promote language learning. Thus, this study is useful and worthy endeavor in foreign language teaching as it sheds light in the awareness of selecting appropriate literary texts depending on students’ needs, interest and levels for not creating dilemma in learning process and demotivating learners, and clarifying to what extent pedagogical stylistics provide contribution to learning foreign language.
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The paper is based on an analysis of names of aviation vehicles included in the Wojskowy słowniczek lotniczy polsko-francusko-niemiecko-rosyjski (Military Polish–French–German–Russian aviation glossary), published in 1922. The lexemes are examined in terms of the origin (whether they are loan-words or of Polish origin) and their structure in order to determine the rules underlying this linguistic process. Extralinguistic factors and events are also taken into consideration in the analysis, e.g. the development of Polish aviation, the social tendencies in the 1920s, conditions of military service.
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This paper is dedicated to the lexical issues of the Polish language of the interwar period approached from the angle of language ethics. It represents the stream of structuralist research and has been prepared in accordance with the synchronic method. The author concentrates on describing selected aspects of the language of newspaper headlines. The object of the research paper is the lexical corpus of 106 issues representing 5 annals of a radical antisemitic weekly titled „Pod Pręgierz” (“In the Pillory”). The outcome of the performed analysis of the vocabulary of headlines has shown that the dominance of the lexical linguistic measures which negatively evaluate the Jewish community fully fits the lexis of „Pod Pręgierz” into the phenomenon of language aggression.
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An important branch of onomastics (or onomatology) is the one on the names of places (toponyms). Toponymy is an interdisciplinary field of study in which many disciplines such as linguistics, geography, history, sociology and archaeology are interested. Toponymy plays an important role in the discovery of local expressions and geographical units in language, history and geography research. Due to its geographical features and being located in the central region of Anatolia, Tosya could not be opened out much. Therefore, Turkish language, national culture and traditions have survived to the present day. Thus, the place names of Tosya have been investigated and it is aimed to contribute to the literature in the field. In this study, firstly the lexical semantic classification of the toponyms in the geography covering the administrative boundaries of Tosya was made. Then, these toponyms were classified according to their structure and origin, and it is aimed to reveal them with their origins. A total of 230 toponyms were identified within the administrative boundaries of Tosya. When the lexical semantic classification of the toponyms found in Tosya district was made, it was seen that the place names are mostly formed according to their geographical situations. Finally, the affecting factors in the assignment of the toponyms were highlighted and the percentages were shown in the table.
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This current study aims to shed a new light into the usage of phrasal verbs, which are one of the most avoided multi-word constructions for English learners but widely used by native speakers of English in BASE (British Academic Spoken English). The purpose of this study is to identify which phrasal verbs are used more frequently in BASE and how the findings might be utilized in educational settings. To do this, three lexical verbs (go, come and take) combining phrasal verbs with nine adverbial particles and forming 27 phrasal verbs were analysed using 1.742.886 running words in BASE. BNC (British National Corpus) was used as the core data for selecting lexical verbs and adverbial particles by benefiting from the research of Gardner and Davies (2007). The results reveal some similarities between BNC and BASE in terms of phrasal verb usage and the paper exemplifies some ways to teach phrasal verbs in the light of the analyses.
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Vid in Russian, named as an aspect in Western languages, is a complex grammatical category, especially for those who study Russian as foreign language. This difficulty is especially noticeable in cases when, within the framework of aspect category one meaning can be transmitted by different language forms belonging to the same language classification. An example of such case is the meaning of multiplicity, which can be transmitted in the language with both imperfect and perfect forms that are interchangeable. The concept of “multiplicity”, which is a part of the quantitative aspectuality, manifests itself in the Russian language primarily in various particular aspect meanings of the forms of perfective and imperfective. Besides, it comes in as modes of action, or finds a lexical expression in the meaning of the verb itself, as well as using adverbs and adverbial words, which sometimes complicates the understanding of this category in usage. In this regard, the study of the linguistic units having different aspectual meanings and analysis of general and particular aspectual meanings play an important role in understanding of this category. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to determine the general features of the semantics of multiplicity, which is manifested in the forms of the limited multiple meaning of imperfective and the cumulative meaning of the perfective, which are a particular aspect meaning, as well as identification of patterns of interaction of multiplicity in these forms. In addition, in this study the attempts are made to establish a system of language means of expression of various shades of multiplicity values by the perfective and imperfective forms. For this purpose, these forms are considered in a comparative aspect, in order to understand the differences in expression between the Russian and Turkish languages in terms of their morphology and semantics.
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Having appeared in ancient eras, personal names are significant cultural codes which reflect the traditions and national-cultural values of the communities. These names, giving some clues about the life style of a nation, provide us with an idea about religious and political views of that community. Each nation has its own typical naming tradition. This tradition has developed in a different direction in Russia in comparison with Turkic customs. Except individual exceptions, all official Russian personal names are based on church Slavic canon, so they have Byzantium-Ancient Greek origins. Till the end of the 19th century, given names to the new-born babies were determined within the frame of Orthodox church canon. In 1905 the church started to lose its privilege. Limitation for name-giving was removed with the October Revolution (1917). Right after socialist regime was actualized in the country, the names to be given to the Soviet citizens were requested to be exactly new and convenient to the official ideology, so the government took important steps in this direction. Following the revolution, the duration between 1920s and 1930s was a new period in which a great number of newly-derived and lexically-borrowed personal names entered Russian vocabulary. In this paper, it is aimed to study historical, thematic, semantical and morphological aspects of these new personal names specific to the Soviets.
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Linguistic borrowing is the name given to language elements taken from a foreign language that more or less constitute the mother tongue. The most important element that sets the stage for borrowing, which means word exchange in a sense, the increasing relationship level of different cultures can be shown. This increase is undoubtedly based on technological developments, internet and films. In addition, international commercial, economic, scientific, cultural and political contacts, geographical location, historical events, wars and changes in social life are among the factors that create a favorable occasion for borrowing. Borrowed words, terms, expressions of foreign origin are available in all languages in the world. It is known that hundreds of thousands of words in the current vocabulary of Polish come from other languages. The other part consists of words from old Polish language, words derived from Slavic roots or borrowed words from the other languages. These words can penetrate into Polish in two ways: through direct contact (direct borrowings) and through another language (indirect borrowings). Borrowing can occur not only on the basis of words, but also within the framework of idioms, phrases, structures, or affixes. Some of them have entered without any change, while others have been modified and adapted to the Polish word and grammar structure. However, some of the structures in Polish modelled on foreign language today are not considered correct by some linguists. In this study, it will be examined how many types of borrowing there are, the ways in which it is realized and which structures are considered as wrong.
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Regarded as one of the fundamental characteristics of language by many linguists and partaking at the very front of factors that create polysemy are transfers of meaning. Transfers that are approached since old rhetorical studies as part of strong figures of speech, which provide impressive expression, are shaped in line with society's characteristics and trends. Transfers, which provide the word with a large number of meanings, are evaluated under the titles "Metaphor transfer" and "Name transfer". Metaphor transfer, name transfer are ways to transfer the mental imageries of language. The most common type of transfers in every language is metaphor transfer or metaphor. Name transfer is besides being psycholinguistic and a gradually comprehension of fact also a rhetorical skill. This study evaluates the transfers related to animal names of one of the Turkish dialects, the Bashkir Turkish, which has a strong expression in terms of nature and the concrete. The name transfer, which is defined as the explaining of a concept with a related or another linked concept, is defined as "metonimiya" in the Bashkir Turkish grammar. "Metonimiya", which is also evaluated as different naming or name change, counts as the shortest way for naming. In the grammar of Bashkir Turkish the metaphor transfer however is approached within polysemy under a sub-heading called "metafora" and evaluated in three groups, which are; "atama metaforlar (naming metaphors)", obrazlı metaforalar (living metaphors)”, “individual-sitilistik metaforalar (individual metaphors)”. The innovation in transfers is based on the production of something new with semantic clarity (relevance) by using a non-specific (non-eligible) characterization path. As long as we recognize the habitual use of the word and thereby the incompatibility (mismatch) demonstrated at the level of the literal interpretation of the sentence while passing through new semantic clarity and in a sense through its semantic depth, transfers will always stay alive. Semantic novelty can be connected to the imagination of the producer. The emergence of a new semantic clarity in transfers, beautifully shows what imagination, produced according to rules may be. When the Bashkir Turks, who express the plant known as honeysuckle "ayıw balanı (bear plant)", long plants without flower "quyan qŭlaq (rabbit ear)" and to beat around the bush "at qŭlŭnlatıw (to birth a horse)", and their imaginative transfers about animals are evaluated, we can see an emerging richness, which is also an indication of the richness of the cultural structure of society.
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