Strategii de articulare a sensului în Istoria ieroglifică

Author(s): Cristian Pașcalău / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

In this article, the authors conduct a linguistic analysis, tracing the progression of meaning, including aspects of symbolism in Dimitrie Cantemir’s fable novel The Hieroglyphical History. Regarded by most critics as the masterpiece of Moldavian prince’s literary art, it incorporates elements of the fable within a broad epic structure, which can be compared to a stratified labyrinthine novelesque edifice, being enhanced as a political satire of the era. Given the complexity of the analyzed writing, our aim is to partially decipher the levels of meaning, namely the puzzling, historiographic, allegorical-symbolic, and effective literary cores, all unified into a perfect articulate synthesis. The methodology of research implies text analysis within the integral text linguistics conceptual frame, namely identifying elements of the sense creation and evocative functions by virtue of which the novel is structured.

Jak frazeologizmy funkcjonują w różnych wariantach i kontekstach?

Author(s): Aleksandra Ryś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2023

The paper presents a functional approach to phraseology from former colloquial Polish speech based on the lexicalized unit jak Boga kocham and its selected variant forms. The author used the elements of the socio-pragmatic method (assuming parallel analysis of the material at the sociological and pragmatic levels) to research the use of these lexicalized constructions. The bases of the material were constructed dialogues from the Korpus dawnych polskich tekstów dramatycznych (1772–1939). During the analysis, it was observed in which way the phraseological unit might realize itself in various variants and contexts. Furthermore, attention was paid to the ‘from sender to the receiver’s perspective, applying the assumptions of Wojciech Chlebda’s phrasematic conception to historical linguistics. This approach gave an opportunity to observe in which variants and socio-pragmatic contexts idioms are most often invoked in the statements of representatives of both sexes. The obtained results were interpreted on the basis of selected non-linguistic factors, primarily historical and cultural ones.

Mapping Indo-European Anatomical Terminology II: Latvian gaļa ‘meat’

Author(s): Václav Blažek / Language(s): English Issue: 89/2023

The present contribution analyzes Latvian gaļa ‘meat, flesh’ from the point of view of the Indo-European anatomical terminology and identifies its cognates in Old Irish gaile ‘stomach’, ‘Para- Phrygian’ γάλλια ‘intestines’ with the same suffixal derivation in *-o-/-*-eH2-, and further with Ancient Macedonian γόλα ‘intestines’, Greek χολάδες ‘entrails, guts’, and Slavic *želǫ̋dъkъ / *želǫdь(cь) ‘stomach’, all derivable from the aniṭ-root *ghel- or its apophonic variants. Insular Celtic *eχs-glasso-/ā- ‘stomach’, if derivable from *eĝʰs-(ĝ)(h)(H)-stH2o- ‘standing out of *(ĝ)(h)(H)-’, implies that *(ĝ)(h)(H)- should belong to a different internal organ, probably ‘gall, bile’, whose designation derivable from the root *ĝhelH3- ‘green, yellow’ is attested in several Indo-European branches. The alternative, if γάλλια ‘intestines’ is of Greek origin, is also discussed.

Резултати по проект „Прозодични аспекти на българския език в съпоставителен план с други езици с лексикално ударение“ (Годишна конференция на Американската асоциация на преподавателите по славянски и източноевропейски езици (AATSEEL)

Author(s): Mirena Patseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

ТЕРМИНИ, НАЗОВАВАЩИ ТЕЛЕСНИ ПОВРЕДИ В НАКАЗАТЕЛНОТО ПРАВО И В СЪДЕБНАТА МЕДИЦИНA

Author(s): Deyan Draganov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This article examines the terminology referring to battery in criminal law and in forensic medicine. A theory is being built according to which the two sciences handle the same terms in the mentioned application field, but naming concepts that differ in their volume, content and varying signs. Terms related to the three main types of battery are examined: light, medium and severe. The empirical material is extracted from normative acts, judicial practice and theoretical sources.

Priedzukio tarminiv Ypatybiv rekonstrukcija horizontaliajame ir vertikaliajame Kontinuume: kauno mariy dugno atvejis

Author(s): Žydrūnas Šidlauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 89/2023

The article analyses the horizontal and vertical continuum of the territory flooded by Kaunas Lagoon and the coastal dialect zones. The study material was collected in Rumšiškės (LKA536) and Šlienava (Margininkai (LKA553 point)). The informants once lived at the bottom of the Kaunas Lagoon; the language of two families (inhabitants of different generations) was contrasted. The study area is the Western Aukštaitian subdialect of Kaunas area, where Priedzūkis dialectal features were expected to find. This assumption was confirmed: although theoretically, the manifestations of Priedzūkis are the clearest on the right bank of the lagoon and the vicinity of Nemunas toward the south, the findings show that the manifestations can be found on both sides of the lagoon, close to the lagoon. At the same time, it implies the distinctiveness of the area. The article also highlights the significance of the vertical continuum: a clear correlation between dialectal characteristics and the age of informants was established. With a new approach to the typology of age, breaking away from the usual three-generation division, the vertical fragmentation is revealed in deeper cross-sections. The older informants (who, according to the traditional three-generation division, would belong to the same generation as the younger ones) have retained more of the Priedzūkis features.

Ramunė Vaskelaitė. Makroekonomikos terminija: sinonimijos priežastys

Author(s): Vidas Valskys / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 89/2023

Review of: Vilnius: Lietuvi^ kalbos institutes, 2022, 136 p. DOI doi.org/10.35321/e-pub.46.makroekonomikos-terminija ISBN 978-609-411-332-1.

Как менялась турецкая лексика (лексикографический анализ тюрко-латинской грамматики Иеронима Мегизера «Institutionum linguae Turcicae libri quatuor», 1612)

Author(s): Fanuza Sh. Nurieva,Margarita M. Petrova,Milyausha M. Sungatullina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (52)/2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of vocabulary in Hieronymus Megiser’s grammar book “Institutionum linguae Turcicae libri quatuor” (1612). The fourth book of the grammar entitled “Dictionarium Latino-Turcicum et Turcico-Latinum” (“Latin-Turkicum et Turcico-Latin Dictionary”), which includes about 2500 words, is devoted to the material under consideration. The article gives a general characteristic of this lexicon, analyzes the construction and design of dictionary entries. As the material of the dictionary were the records of the Turkic language, widespread in Anatolia (Asia Minor) at the turn of the XVI—XVII centuries, the comparative analysis was carried out with reference to the lexicon of the modern Turkish language. As a result, the groups of vocabulary that have been preserved without significant changes were identified. This group includes names of toponyms belonging to the territory of modern Turkey, names of kinship, professions, names in the field of agriculture, names of plants and animals, important human activities. The biggest changes in the modern Turkish language in comparison with I. Megiser’s dictionary have been made to toponymic names of European countries, names of wild birds, medicinal plants, spices, which are not found on the territory of Turkey. Megiser’s dictionary has preserved for modern historical linguistics the Turkic names that were in use in the XVII century, and in modern Turkish they have become historicisms, replaced by modern European names.

CONSIDERATIONS ON FOLK ETYMOLOGY IN DIALECTS

Author(s): Andrei-Ionuț Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2024

The aim of this article is to present samples of the lexical diversity in terms of etymology and semantics that continually appear in the territorial variants of the Romanian language and the lexical mysteries of the regions, the semantic shifts in the dialectal vocabulary caused by folk etymology and the dismemberment of the term adjusted by this process, the phonetic and semantic remodeling produced by [folk etymology], and the conjunctural modification determined by the various associations that folk etymology entails.

SEMANTIC DISTORSIONS IN TOPONYMY AS RESULT OF FOLK ETYMOLOGY

Author(s): Andrei-Ionuț Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2024

The aim of this article is to present the acute issues raised by folk etymology within toponyms, to establish the linguistic affiliation of place names and the etymon words from which they originate, the causes of folk etymology in toponymy, the entrenchment of new "corrupted" forms by folk etymology, the metamorphosis that the place name has undergone, and the denominative structure of toponymic phrases produced by folk etymology.

Комунікативно-функційна інтенційність фемінітивності та маскулінативності: граматика і семантика

Author(s): ANATOLII Zahnitko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2023

The article discusses the communicative and functional intentionality of femininity and masculinity in terms of grammar and semantics. The research aims to analyze the communicative and functional orientation of femininity and masculinity, examining their relationship and/ or lack of correlation with feminine and masculine forms, and their manifestations in discursive practices. The article proposes distinguishing trends in contemporary feminization by diagnosing traditional- normative and gender-sensitive approaches to naming female individuals based on social status, profession, and title. Additionally, it seeks to determine the key factors driving public demand for the use of derived feminine forms. By comparing the functioning of feminine forms in the German language, the article identifi es the main psychological, social, pragmatic, cognitive (including cognitive-behavioral and cultural-historical) factors that burden the national memory with noun forms for the nomination of female individuals in the modern Ukrainian language.

KARMIA CZYSTA – KONCEPT CZYSTOŚCI W STAROPOLSKIM DYSKURSIE KULINARNYM

Author(s): Agata Kwaśnicka-Janowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of the study is to analyse the semantic category of PURITY and its corpus-based textual representations, as well as the question of the interpretive framework ruling its discursive meaning in Old Polish culinary discourse. The basis of the study is a corpus of texts including the oldest Polish texts on culinary topics, i.e. cookbooks, the oldest herbalists and dietary-health texts. The interpretation demonstrates that the concept of purity was determined in the old discourse by the conceptual framework of DIET, HEALTH and FASTING.

Intertextual ‘construal’ relationships in the dynamics of discourse – ‘Aspectuality’ in English Clauses vs. ‘Aspect’ in their Polish Counterparts

Author(s): Dorota Chłopek / Language(s): English Issue: 41/2023

The following is a brief comparative / contrasting discourse of “situation types” in English clauses and their Polish renditions in “The Hobbit or There and Back Again” by J. R. R. Tolkien. The article highlights certain types of situations in English predicates which are intertextually related to their Polish counterparts expressed through contrastive lexical means. The description seeks to sensitize Polish users of English to the impact of the aspectuality of English clauses on the construal of the situations presented in the dynamics of discourse, which is ‘limited’ to the grammatical means available within the Polish language.

За някои особености на ретерминологизацията като фактор на външната системност в терминологията

Author(s): Kristiyana Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

This report examines the process of reterminologisation, which is the transfer of a ready-made term or term element from one scientific or professional field to another, with a complete or partial rethinking of the meaning of this transformation. The author dwells on the main ways in which reterminologization is carried out, on the results of this semantic transformation and points out a number of interesting examples illustrating the phenomenon.

Halkbiliminde Argonun Yeri ve Argoda Kullanılan Sayılarda Kültürün İzleri

Author(s): Sevda Kaman,Zahide Parlar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 117/2024

Although slang is occasionally criticized for ethical violations in terms of the values it means to individuals and societies, it possesses a cultural aspect that fosters both individual and social relations. Slang, leveraging the opportunities presented by folk culture, constitutes an arena of cultural production that injects vitality into linguistic expression. Numbers, as a means of making sense of existence, have acquired religious, mystical, and folkloric significance across various cultures, giving rise to diverse connotations. Consequently, these numbers, imbued with the imprints of folk culture through a sort of encryption function, facilitate the fulfillment of slang’s social function by attributing figurative, symbolic, and metaphorical meanings. This article delves into the examination of numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 20, 30, 31, 35, 36, 40, 45, 50, 52, 58, 66, 69, 70, 75, 90, 99, 100, 180, 333, 400, 1500, 1715) within expressions identified by scanning the Tanıklarıyla Büyük Argo Sözlüğü (The Large Slang Dictionary with Its Witnesses), Türk Argo Sözlüğü (Turkish Slang Dictionary) and Kadın Argosu Sözlüğü (Women’s Slang Dictionary). Through their metaphoric, metonymic, ironic, symbolic, and connotative meanings, these numbers overtly or covertly mediate the expression of feelings and thoughts that cannot be publicly articulated in society, often being considered taboo and shameful. Furthermore, by carrying cultural codes, these numbers in slang provide a means for thoughts, feelings, and attitudes about death, sexuality, and gambling games to be transformed directly or indirectly into words and behavior in a discursive or artistic manner.

Концепт „бизнес‟ в ментальном пространстве России: логика медиапрезентации

Author(s): Natalia Tsvetova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The article analyzes the semantic structure of the media concept "business" as one of the key representative of the mental spaces of modern Russia. The author uses an algorithm that allowsto analyze the "informational content" of the word-concept, reflected in the lexicographical description, fix its "psychologically real" content – a folk and literary reflection; explore the peculiarities of discursive interpretation in the media space. The author, first of all, focuses on the identification of the value component of the semantic structure of the concept, presented in media lexicon-phraseological stereotypes and to varying degrees of original contexts forming associative fields – part of the communicative space, a fragment of discourse in which interrelated, interdependent meanings and meanings are presented.

Из лексиката в говора на българите католици от Белене

Author(s): Magdalena Abadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article offers an analysis of selected vocabulary from the dialect of the Bulgarian Catholics living in the region of Belene, placing the study in a wider dialectal context. The author argues for the need to publish a dictionary of this dialect, stressing its simila-rity to the dialect of the Banat Bulgarians. She illustrates this claim with examples from several lexical groups: Christianity, animals, life, nature, diseases, the human body.

Кратка езикова характеристика на един слабо проучен родопски говор (говора на с. Брезе, Девинско)

Author(s): Elena Kanevska-Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article describes phonetic, morphological and word-formation features of an un-derstudied Rhodopean dialect spoken in the village of Breze in the region of Devin. The study takes a synchronic perspective, drawing comparisons with other Rhodopean dialects. As a result of the examination of the reflexes of the stressed nasal and yer vowels, the currently established classification of the Breze dialect and the dialect spoken in the village of Beden as o-dialects has been reconsidered. The article illustrates typical phonetic and morphological changes, phonetic and word-formation variants and interesting word-formation patterns found in this regional variety of Bulgarian.

Семантико-когнитивное моделирование как способ познания механизмов метафоризации

Author(s): Yuliia Kravtsova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

This article discusses the problem of modelling as a way for cognition of metaphorization mechanisms. In Eastern Slavic linguistics two approaches to modelling of metaphorization was formed – semantic and cognitive, which have similar and distinctive features. The author has developed a new semantic-cognitive approach to the study of metaphor and modelling of metaphorization. It allows, through the study of the semantics of the metaphorical nominations of a language and the construction of corresponding metaphorical models, to establish the models of national metaphorical thinking, characteristic of any historical period. Briefly outlines main points of this approach, presents a parametric description of the metaphor as a semantic-cognitive model, provides a rationale for the introduced concepts of metaphorical mega-model and submodel, semantic-cognitive formant. The proposed technique is intended both for corpus research of metaphors and for the study of separate facts of a metaphorical nomination.

Названия грибов в говорах Кузбасса

Author(s): Nikolay A. Balanchik / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

Article is devoted to studying of functional and semantic features of dialect names of mushrooms. The analysis of the studied lexicon gave the chance to sort out their system organization and the motivational relations reflecting a language picture of the world. The main empirical base of a research – the Russian dialects of Kuzbass.