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On a Series of Marginally Productive Patterns. English <en> Verbs

Author(s): Georgi Georgiev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This paper reflects on the <en> verbs of English with respect to their word-formation, their morphological and syntactic properties, their motivation, and their status. The verbs are divided into several groups on the basis of a set of criteria, the central criterion being their word-formation pattern. The influence of the interplay of several categories – phrasality, transitivity, perfectivity, inchoativness, the ergative element and causality – on the verbs is discussed. In analyzing the categories, significant attention is paid to the role that grammatical context plays in motivating the appearance of these lexical items. Thus, symmetry is introduced where such has hitherto been lacking.

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Явление калькирования в польском говоре жителей деревни Веpшина в Сибири

Author(s): Emilia Doroszko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

Vershina is a Polish village in Siberia inhabited by Polish settlers who moved there of their own volition. The migration was a result of attempt of improving the economic standards of their living. As they reach the territory of the Russian nation, Polish settlers started the process of gradual language assimilation. As a result, they create a unique Polish dialect that is used up to nowadays. Polish dialect contains linguistic calques, borrowings, hybrids and more examples of linguistic interference. The article presents the topic of linguistic calques, grouping them into five groups (structural, semantic, phraseological, morphological and syntactical) and gives examples of each of the group. It shows how big is the influence of the Russian language on the Polish dialect.

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Становлення теорії синтаксичного зв’язку в українському мовознавстві (ХVІІ – початок ХХ ст.)

Author(s): Natalia V. Kobchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 53/2018

In Ukrainian linguistics, there are no historiographical papers offering an adequate description of the origin and development of the syntactic connection theory. Elsewhere, I have already proposed a periodization of the research on syntactic connections from the time of the appearance of first Slavic grammars until today, which distinguishes five historical stages. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize particularly the first three periods of the development of research on syntactic connections – from the 17th century until the 1930s. The first stage (17th–18th centuries) is the beginning of the syntactic connection theory. The syntactic chapters in the grammars of this period deal with studying the ability of some parts of speech to combine with other words. The second stage (19th century) is the period of approval of terminology and formation of the ground for deepening the syntactic connection theory. All scholars of the period defined two possible realizations of the syntactic connection – agreement and government. The third stage (the beginning of the 20th century until the 1930s) was the period in which the morphological criterion prevailed. The typical symptom of this observed in the period is consideration of syntactic connections between pairs of words in isolation from the rest of the sentence components. The crucial research perspective opened up by the study is to explain in detail the development of research on syntactic connections from the 1940s until today

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Bibliografija radova u Književnom jeziku (1982–1991)

Author(s): Amela Šehović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2003

Bibliography of Papers in Književni jezik (1982–1991)

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IREALNE KONDICIONALNE KLAUZE UVEDENE VEZNIKOM SI I NJIHOVI PREVODNI EKVIVALENTI U CRNOGORSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Sonja Špadijer / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 25/2018

L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser la structure des propositions conditionnelles françaises introduites par la conjonction si avec l’hypothèse irréelle dans la protase, et de déterminer leurs équivalents de traduction en langues monténégrine-serbe, bosniaque, croate. Par la méthode d'analyse contrastive, nous étudierons la distribution des formes verbales et des modes verbaux dans les structures en question, en français et en monténégrin afin de décrire les modèles syntaxiques respectifs. Outre cela, lorsque ces propositions conditionnelles se trouvent dans le contexte du discours indirect avec la concordance des temps, nous avons observé que le type de la proposition conditionnelle ne se décode pas littéralement et directement de la structure formelle du modèle syntaxique.

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The Role of Phonotactic Information in the Processing and Production of Inflectional Morphology

Author(s): Strahinja Dimitrijević / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2019

In two separate studies, it was examined to what extent in languages with rich inflectional morphology, such as Serbian, in the tasks of automatic perception and word production we can rely on phonotactic information, i.e. permitted combinations of phonemes/graphemes. In the first study, with the help of support vector machines, word classes discrimination was carried out based on bigrams and trigrams generated at the morphosyntactic category level. In the second study, the production of inflected forms was explored, with the help of memory-based learning, relying on phonotactic information from the last four syllables of lemmas. Maximum discrimination accuracy of inflected word classes was obtained on the basis of bigrams reaching about 93% of accuracy. Similarly, in the task of inflectional production on all inflected word classes taken together, around 92% of the inflected forms were generated correctly. This confirms that phonotactic information in the perception and production of morphologically complex words plays an important role. Therefore, this information should be taken into account when considering the emergence of larger language units and patterns. The results show that functional connections between orthography/phonology and semantics lead to successful lexical learning, but at the same time they call into question the need for positing the existence of mental lexicon in which mental representations of various language characteristics are stored.

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Veznik diye i njegovi ekvivalenti u bosanskom jeziku u romanu Derviş ve ölüm (Derviš i smrt)

Author(s): Maida Dautović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 9/2019

This work will talk about the “diye” conjunction and its equivalents in the Bosnian language in the novel „Death and the Dervish“. The work will try to answer the question of whether there are equivalents for the “diye” conjunction in the Bosnian language. Contrastive analysis of the examples from the given novel will show whether there are equivalents in the Bosnian language for the conjunction “diye”, whether the sentences with the “diye” conjunctive have a really intentional meaning, since this conjunction in Turkish language is classified as the conjunction of intentional sentences, if they have intentional meaning, then what differs intentional sentences with the conjunction “diye” from those sentences that have some other meaning. Also, one of the questions that will be dealt with is whether the sentences with the “diye” conjunction are Turkish dependent sentences or not. Morphologically, the “diye” conjunction is a gerund of a verb demek (to say). It is often used as a conjunction “yes” or “how” in explicit sentences. Regardless of its syntactic characteristic, it behaves as a true conjunction and has a sub-ordinator function between two sentences. When translating from Turkish into Bosnian, we come to a situation where we can not find the appropriate translation equivalent, and often then such conjunctions are translated into conjunction appendix, gerunds, proparticipes or participes with a conjunction function. The work will also discuss the syntax and semantic characteristics of the “diye” conjunction, as well as its function and frequency in the Turkish sentence.

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Srpski i mađarski ekvivalenti engleskih pasivnih konstrukcija

Author(s): Dušanka Zvekić Dušanović,Jelena Redli / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2019

The aim of this paper has been to determine the translation equivalents of passive constructions on the material of three languages, English as a language of the original text, and Serbian and Hungarian as the languages of the translation. The novel “1984“ by George Orwell was chosen as the corpora because it abounds in passive clauses, which is related to the theme and the atmosphere of a totalitarian society in which the agent is often unknown or generalized. The results of the analysis show that the thematically conditioned use of passives in the original text is reflected in the languages of the translations, which is considered non-characteristic for them, with the frequency of passive constructions being somewhat more common in Serbian than in Hungarian. Due to the characteristics of the translation languages, the translators opted for different translation solutions, which is why in the Serbian language almost equally frequent are participle and reflexive passives, while Hungarian translation is dominated by clauses with an indefinite subject and a predicate in the 3rd person plural. Deviations from the form of the original text are most evident in the translation of long passives since active sentences are the most common in both languages.

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Промотивне (акцијске) понуде у рекламном дискурсу исказане независносложеном реченицом са кондиционалним међуклаузалним семантичким односом

Author(s): Marina J. Šafer / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2019

This paper showcases coordinate clauses with conditionality semantics. The examples are excerpted from advertising discourse, where the first clause recommends/offers to buy a specific product or service, (in most cases using verbs ”купити“ and ”изабрати/одабрати“), while the second clause explains the consequences which always bear a positive outcome for the interlocutor, (reader or buyer), and which will set in if the recommended action of the first clause is fulfilled (in most cases using verbs ”добити (на поклон)“, ”освојити“, ”остварити (попуст)“). Those positive outcomes are the responsibility of the discourse initiator, in most cases a specific brand, and they materialize through various gifts, rewards, discounts, etc. Apart from lexical semantics of the verbs which comprise the first and second clause predicates, the paper points to the syntactic structure of these sentences: the first sentence predicate always uses imperative verb forms, while the predicate of the second is Serbian future tense type-I, or other future verb forms: present (especially for imperfective verbs) and imperative mood. Future type-I occurs in the fewest examples.

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Усвајање перифрастичних конструкција у српском језику као страном

Author(s): Jasmina Dražić,Jelena Ajdžanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2019

Periphrastic predicative expressions present a special type of sentential units which usually do not coincide on a cross-language level either by their contents or their form (e.g. Serbian постићи договор: Polish dojść do porozumienia: English to reach an agreement), which makes their acquisition difficult for students of Serbian as a foreign language. Therefore, one of the main tasks of the theorists and practitioners in the domain of foreign language teaching is the identification of such structures, as well as the explanation of their meaning according to the semantics of the noun as the semantic focus of the phrase. The aim of this paper is to explore, by using two verbs – acquire and reach the following phenomena: (a) the selection of verbal lexemes and their complements, (b) the proposal for a presentation of such pairs in teaching Serbian as a foreign language and (c) an outline of their lexicographical treatment.

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O modalnim prilozima u engleskom i njima odgovarajućim oblicima u srpskom jeziku

Author(s): Tijana Mihić Pijetlović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2015

This paper deals with a contrastive analysis of modal adverbs in the English language and their corresponding forms in the Serbian language. The analysis is based on an eclectic model, which represents a combination of the theory of metaphorical extension and the theory of modality as epistemic deixis. The paper focuses on combinations of modal adverbs and modal verbs in which the adverb modifies, complements or transforms the meaning of the verb. A modal adverb and a modal verb may be combined provided that they both express the same or similar modal meanings. A modal adverb and a modal verb from the opposite extremes of the epistemic scale cannot be combined because of collocational restrictions. The degree of modality expressed by modal adverbs may also be additionally intensified by other adverbs, which are called intensifiers. The analysis includes syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of modal adverbs. The contrastive analysis shows that English and Serbian are typologically similar languages.

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Morfološka analiza anglicizama u ekonomskom registru srpskog jezika

Author(s): Milica Bogdanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2014

The subject of this paper is morphological adaptation of anglicisms, which have flooded Serbian economic terminology for the last two decades. Some loanwords have adapted in compliance with the rules of the Serbian language. However, some have brought in certain innovations. The aim of this paper is to analyse the way certain parts of speech are formed in the Serbian language, as well as to point to new practices, which do not comply with the prescribed norm. The analysis is based on Filipovic’s theory of languages in contact, and the corpus presents textbooks in marketing and finance, scientific and professional publications and dictionaries.

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Номинативне реченице у руском језику на материјалу пословица (и њихови еквиваленти у српском језику)

Author(s): Milica Šević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2014

In the paper, the author deals with nominal sentences in Russian and their structure observed within the corpus of proverbs. The main corpus material are examples from Serbo-Croatian – Russian Paremiological Dictionary by J.Z., and this material is extended by the examples from the collection of Proverbs of Russian People by V.I. and the collection of Serbian Folk Proverbs by V. S. Karadzic. The aim of the paper is to explain nominal sentences in Russian from the aspects of structure and semantics within the proverbs, present those sentences that are similar to nominal sentences in form, yet not the real simple sentences, and then focus the attention on the issue of whether the nominal sentence is simple or not.

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It not as We Know it

Author(s): Boris F. Hlebec / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2013

The aim of this article is to provide insight into various uses of the English pronoun it (which is actually not always a pro-noun, i.e. not always used instead of a noun) and to ascertain whether they have any meaning, semantic and/or pragmatic. A number of authors have been reviewed, a lot of examples adduced and, in a new approach, semantic definitions of four sememes of it have been produced. All of the four varieties of it have referential function, the emphatic it has no semantic meaning, the personal and phenomenon it have semantic meaning partly, while the ambient it has a general semantic meaning. The personal, phenomenon and emphatic it have a definable pragmatic use.

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О значењу неких глагола говорења у њемачком и српском језику

Author(s): Kristina Mirnić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/2012

Given the fact that every language is subject to various historical trends, spiritual directions, and new social structures, one can assume it is the lexic of any given language that is influenced the most in this respect, by which contacts with other peoples and cultures play a major role. As a direct result of these processes, we witness both the emergence of new lexic and the disappearance of old forms, as well as changes in existing word sets. For that purpose, this paper analyses shifts in meaning and stylistic features of some verbs in the German and Serbian languages.

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Dezvoltarea limbajului: procese cognitive implicate, evaluare şi intervenţii educative

Author(s): Vasile Radu Preda / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The development of language: cognitive processes involved, assessment and educative interventions. This studyis an interdisciplinary approach for development of language and learning strategies, based on theconstructivist theory, linguistic theory and differential pedagogy. For language development is necessary: a) agood assessment of language with psychological procedures, methods and instruments; b) early stimulationsof the linguistic abilities (phonological and phonemic awareness, phonological segmentation, verbal memory)and of oral, reading and writing communication with speech-therapy methods and educative personalizedprograms

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MËNYRAT E KRIJIMIT TË TERMINOLOGJISË  KOMPJUTERIKE NË GJUHËN SHQIPE

Author(s): Abdurrahim Maxhuni / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 49/2019

In the computer terminology the ways of building of its units, and the tools of term formation have an important place paths to building of computer. Technology are the ones that we find in the other fields of knowledge, such as the semantic, morphologic, syntactic, translation and borrowing. In contrast to other fields of knowledge whose richness came gradually, the richness of the computer terminology lexis belong more to the revolutionary aspect rather than the evolutionary aspect, because the huge development of the computer world was fast and it took place in the lass decades. So their swift entering country took by surprise the Albanian languages well as the linguists, terminologists, journalists etc. In these circumstance a lot of foreign words, especially from English entered the Albanian language, the lack of a previous experience and the impossibility for such terms to be developed and worked on gradually and to find themselves in a stable system created many problems that are related to this field.

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LEKSIKU DIALEKTOR NË ROMANET   E REXHEP QOSJES

Author(s): Shpresa Ismajli / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 49/2019

The literary work of Rexhep Qosja stands out for lexical richness. An important source of lexical enrichment of his novels is the popular language, from which he received words, expressions, and phrases of daily use, as well as dialect words. The layer of words from dialectical discourse settle down a visible place in all his novels, and comes as a lexical and stylistic enriching element. This dialectical lexical gamma includes words from various conceptual areas related to Albanian life in general, words and expressions that reflect the material and spiritual world. The dialectic lexicon in his work is used to characterize the language of the personage or the environment, as well as the language of the autor. Qosja uses various dialectical words of different lexicon-grammatical categories, the richest category are the nouns. In general, the dialectic material in Qosja's novels is from the northeastern Albanian dialects, especially from the highlands and surrounding areas, and from the rural and urban areas of Kosovo (especially Pristina). Dialect elements are used with expressive-stylistic functions and with marking functions. Through the use of this layer of lexicon, have been achieved new meaning, new colorings, special meaningful nuances ect. The author, with particular creative mastery, has synthesized certain dialectical features into the national general.

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ONOMATOPETË DHE PASTHIRRMAT NË “KËSHTJELLËN” E KADARESË

Author(s): Adelinë Selmani / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 49/2019

This paper treats interjections and onomatopoeias in the morphological and semantic aspect in Ismail Kadare’s “The Siege”. In the morphological aspect, the features of interjections are described according to the formation’s point of view, where we call notice two groups. According to the semantic aspect or the interjections’ classifications, based on the meaning, we notice three big groups of interjections: exciting, stimulatory, and interjectionst hat express greetings, where the two first ones are divided in subgroups. Besides interjections, the onomatopoeias are treated as well, where their uniform use is noted, as well as their passing onto different parts of the lecture, cases where they’re used as sentence limbs, thus adapting the lexical and grammar features, mainly of the noun, and to carry the function of the verb, of the propositional phrase, the object, or of the subject etc. In the paper, there are evident cases of the usage of these parts of the lecture, structural features are introduced, and also, based on the statistical records, the abundance of their usage is defined. By treating this case, the problem of defining the meaning of an interjection or of an onomatopoeia appears, since it is through the context that they are defined. Therefore, by observing the cases of the usage and the nuances of their meanings, not only are the cases used by Kadare investigated, but also the definition of each word-forming model’s productivity scale is defined, and the tendencies to use them in today’s Albanian language are investigated.

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РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА КНИГУ: ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ МОКШАНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ОСВЕЩЕНИИ

Author(s): Anita V. Solovyeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (36)/2020

Review of: Anita V. Solovyeva - Рецензия на книгу: Элементы мокшанского языка в типологическом освещении; Ред. С. Ю. Толдова (отв. ред.), М. А. Холодилова (отв. ред.), С. Г. Татевосов, Е. В. Кашкин, А. А. Козлов, Л. С. Козлов, А. В. Кухто, М. Ю. Привизенцева, И. А. Стенин. — М.: «Буки Веди», 2018. — xxiv + 1014 с. — ISBN 978-5-4465-2097-8. / ELEMENTY MOKSHANSKOGO YAZYKA V TIPOLOGICHESKOM OSVESHCHENII [ELEMENTS OF THE MOKSHA LANGUAGE IN A TYPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE] (MOSCOW, 2018. XXIV + 1014 PAGES)

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