"Spremila sam se u šokačko" i "nosim se šokački": Šokačka ženska nošnja županjske Posavine

Author(s): Manda Svirac,Janja Juzbašić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 6/1994

The first part of the article explains the difference between two expressions: "I am dressed up in Šokac costume" (spremila sam se u šokačko) and "I wear Šokac costume" (nosim se šokački). The first expression means that a person is dressed in the national costume characteristic for Šokci (Croats native to the eastern part of Croatia, around the cities of Slavonski Brod, Vinkovci, Županja, Našice, Đakovo), while the second expression means that a person wears the national costume daily, although modified to include some degree of city clothing. The article is based on field interviews in 1993/94 in villages near Županja (Bošnjaci, Cerna, Drenovci, Račinovci, Vrbanja, Štitar), which sought to learn more about the Šokac national costume in that region. Many authors have written about the Šokci, in particular about the etymology of the word or about the origin of the group, using mostly historical and linguistic sources (Sršan, Stjepan 199). In this region, where Šokci live intermixed with other Croats as well as with some minority groups, the term Šokac at the beginning of the 20th century always referred to Croats who were both Catholic and peasants and whose families had long been settled in the region (starosjedioci). The results of the current research point to the two meanings of the above-mentioned expressions, and shows that the phrase nosim se šokački, that is, I wear Šokac costume, is an outer sign of the wearer's identity, even up to the present day, to differentiate the wearer from others who also wear the costume. In the 1950s alongside the first meaning, another, new meaning gradually came into use, expressed as spremila sam se u šokačko, that is, / dressed up in Šokac costume. This latter expression means that the person only sometimes wears the local costume. She may or may not be a part of the Šokac community. Those women who are Šokice may or may not still be employed in agriculture, and in fact can live in either rural or urban areas. The second part of the article gives the preliminary results of research of women's Šokac costumes of Županja region. The terminology of basic parts of the costume, of clothing and head arrangements are indicated in the tables. The terminology differs between the area west of Županja on the one hand and that east of Županja on the other. This field research will be continued, the tables will be completed with other data and will be expanded to include the remaining places so that we may acquire a regional picture of Šokac costume.

"The coral of your lips, the stars of your eyes" – the function of the genitive case in a particular kind of genitive metaphor compared to other semantic functions of this case (based on examples in the Polish language)

Author(s): Monika Szymańska / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2018

This paper attempts to explicate the meanings of expressions representing a specific type of genitive metaphor — binding two notions by the rule of conventional, surface sameness. This article aims to prove that the genitive function that appears in this kind of expression is part of a general pattern modelling the semantic roles of this case. This pattern presents the genitive as a lingual indicator of the relation between a “smaller range” object and a “larger range” object and explains the essence of the semantic function appearing not only in this particular type of genitive metaphor, but also in structures such as genetivus definitivus.

(IN)TRANZITIVNOST GLAGOLA U ENGLESKOME I HRVATSKOME JEZIKU

Author(s): Nataša Stojan / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 6/2012

This paper represents comparative analysis of verbal transitivity in English and Croatian, which points out to syntactic-semantic characteristics that are crucial for the identification of object. It also discusses classification of verbs in English and Croatian grammar books. Transitivity is somewhat differently defined in linguistic literature and grammar books, which can cause disagreement related to verb classification. In Croatian grammar books verbal transitivity is related to direct object so this paper examines the possibility of a verb ''transiting'' action to an indirect object as well.

(Ne)episteminis modalumas: anglų kalbos must, have to ir have got to bei jų vertimo atitikmenys lietuvių kalboje

Author(s): Audronė Šolienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 69/2016

This paper deals with the three types of modality – epistemic, deontic and dynamic. It examines the relation between the synchronic uses of the modal auxiliary must and the semi-modals have to and have got to as well as their Lithuanian translation correspondences (TCs) found in a bidirectional translation corpus. The study exploits quantitative and qualitative methods of research. The purpose is to find out which type of modality is most common in the use of must, have to and have got to; to establish their equivalents in Lithuanian in terms of congruent or non-congruent correspondence (Johansson 2007); and to determine how Lithuanian TCs (verbs or adverbials) correlate with different types of modality expressed. The analysis has shown that must is mostly used to convey epistemic nuances, while have to and have got to feature in non-epistemic environments. The findings show that must can boast of a great diversity of TCs. Some of them may serve as epistemic markers; others appear in deontic domains only. Have (got) to, on the other hand, is usually rendered by the modal verbs reikėti ‘need’ and turėti ‘must/have to’, which usually encode deontic modality.

(Nie)poprawność językowa w oświeceniowych gramatykach języka polskiego

Author(s): Wanda Decyk-Zięba,Monika Kresa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 02/2017

The object of the analysis is forms considered incorrect, non-standard, yet included and discussed in Enlightenment grammar books of Polish by: Walenty zylarski (1770), Michał Dudziński (1776), and Onufry Kopczyński (1778––1781, 1817), and in a book on the Polish language by Stanisław Kleczewski (1767). The issues of proper language use touched upon by the authors in the above mentioned works refer to various problems: spelling, pronunciation, inflection, word structures and appropriateness, syntactic connectivity, and utterance/statement clarity. The object of the evaluation is (general Polish and regional – borderland) forms which, in the authors’ opinion, violated the norms of general familiarity, semantic expressiveness, and stylistic dignity. The grammarians approve of the borrowings which entered the Polish language long ago. Each of the discussed works is another link in the debate on the Polish language, linguistic habit, and norms of language use.

(Non-)Configurationality and the Internal Syntax of Adjectives in Old Romanian

Author(s): Raluca Brăescu,Adina Dragomirescu,Alexandru Nicolae / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

This paper deals with three phenomena specific to old Romanian: pre-head complements to adjectives (i.e. head-final adjectival structures), post-adjectival degree markers, and discontinuous adjectival and degree phrases. Following recent work by Ledge-way, we defend the hypothesis that the old Romanian adjectival phrase preserves relics of the head-final and non-configurational syntax of Latin. The fact that pre-head complements of adjectives and post-adjectival degree markers represent a genuine instance of head-finality (i.e. roll-up movement) is reinforced by the existence of discontinuous adjectival phrases (the hallmark of non-configurationality), discontinuous structures being unavailable in harmonic head-initial systems (Ledge-way forthcoming b)

(Under)specification of the person feature in relative clauses

Author(s): Kaori Furuya / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

By examining ϕ-agreement in relative clauses, this paper investigates the relation between syntax and morphology in terms of the person feature. English relativized subjects appear to have different phi-features for the purposes of subject–verb agreement and binding relations. The verbal morphology uniformly displays 3rd person whereas reflexive binding shows 1st/2nd person in addition to 3rd person. If subject extraction must trigger an invariable verbal form as Ouhalla (1993) argues, the binding alternations cannot be accounted for. This paper proposes dual properties of the person feature based on Harley and Ritter’s (2002) feature geometry, and argues that relativized subjects may not obtain both properties of the person feature from the head noun via Agree. This partial agreement causes morphosyntactic variation in English and cross-linguistically in Distributed Morphology (DM). The current analysis demonstrates that referential and morphological (under)specifications are kept separate under the constraint of the syntactic operation Agree.

A direct application of medical corpora to academic writing: A specialized concordance search interface and Moodle-based courseware

Author(s): Shozo Yokoyama,Chizuko Suzuki,Seisuke Yasunami,Naoko Kawakita,Ryo Ohba / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Despite a relatively large number of research papers discussing corpus-based discourse analysis for medicine, few attempts have been made to uncover the rhetorical distinctiveness of subdisciplines such as Genome Bio-Science, Nursing, Public Health, and Clinical Surgery. The aim of this study is to apply the frequencies of verbs (including modal verbs) found in medical research articles (RAs) among these four subdisciplines to materials development by incorporating a specialized concordance search interface and Moodle-based courseware for medical students.

Análisis contrastivo de los verbos de movimiento en eslovaco y en español: el caso de los verbos ir/venir/llegar

Author(s): Mónica Sánchez Presa / Language(s): Spanish / Publication Year: 0

In this paper is analyzed from a contrastive approach the expression of motion in Spanish and Slovak putting emphasis on Spanish motion verbs ir, venir and llegar that cause great difficulties both to teachers and students of Spanish as to translators and interpreters. In this paper we mention the reasons why errors in using these three verbs occur and we explain the origin of them.

Analytic Sentences, Cognition, and Language: Some Links between Current Theories

Author(s): Miguel López-Astorga / Language(s): English / Issue: 35/2019

This paper tries to explore possible relations and differences between three kinds of contemporary theories about cognition and language: the approaches supporting the idea that there is a mental logic, the mental models theory, and the frameworks based upon probability logic. That exploration is made here by means of the analytic sentences and the revision of the way each of those types of theories can deal with them. The conclusions seem to show that the three kinds of theories address such sentences in a similar manner, which can mean that there can be more links between them than thought. Thus, it is argued, as a possibility, that the three theories can be accepted at the same time, and that it can be assumed that their differences refer just to the fact that they deal with dif¬ferent aspects of language and cognition. From other points of view, this has already been raised in the literature with regard to the three mentioned theories (especially, with regard to the approaches supporting a mental logic and the mental models theory). However, the point here is double: on the one hand, the link between these theories is now presented from another perspective (the one of the analytic sentences). On the other hand, the paper provides relations between the three frameworks at once from that very perspective and in a systematic way.

Annotating Causal Discourse Markers ‘because’ and ‘so’ for Learning English as a Foreign Language

Author(s): Giedrė Valūnaitė-Oleškevičienė,Sigita Rackevičienė,Nijolė Burkšaitienė,Liudmila Mockienė,Jolita Šliogerienė,Dalia Gulbinskienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This paper reports on an investigation of the functions of the English causal discourse markers ‘because’ and ‘so’ and their Lithuanian counterparts and analyses the Lithuanian translation equivalents of these discourse markers using the multilingual open translation project TED Talks as a data resource. The results revealed that the discourse marker ‘because’ and its Lithuanian counterparts express ideational cause, followed by its rhetorical equivalent. However, the discourse marker ‘so’ and its Lithuanian counterparts express rhetorical consequences, followed by the rhetorical specification.

Automatizarea sunetelor S şi Z în propoziţii. Studiu de caz

Author(s): Ana Sabou / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 2/2017

The purpose of this article is to underline the main particularities of pronunciation in case of the children with dyslalia, sigmatism. Thus, in this article is presented a case study, which emphasizes both the assessment process and the intervention approach focused on the pronunciation of S and Z sounds (Romanian S-Z sounds)during the sentences level. Results demonstrated that an adequate assessment and intervention can ensure functional development of S and Z pronunciation. Also, the exercises practiced during intervention are useful not only for speech and language therapists, but also for parents of children with sigmatism.

Az időhatározók mondatfunkcióinak vizsgálata Csáth Géza naplóbejegyzéseiben a kommunikatív perspektíva szempontjából

Author(s): Adrienn Károly / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2018

The word order in a sentence is formed depending on the communicative value function of the components, their informative and communicative aspects separate them into more pronounced and less pronounced components. Some 20th century linguistic schools changed their sentence approach concerning the sentence structure and phrases layout. While the traditional grammars still keep in mind the assessment of the sentence from subject-predicate structure view, the communicative aspect texts keep in mind first the sentence components communicative value (dynamism). The theme of study subject is the communicative examination of the use of the modifiers of time and their function in Géza Csáth journal entries. I carried out the journal entries analysis of the modifiers of time in four positions (sentence modifier, topic, focus and predicate modifier) on the base of Katalin É. Kiss sentence model.

Between Facts and Speech Acts: the Conditional and Condi­tional-Conjunctive in Moksha Mordvin

Author(s): Petar Kehayov / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This paper investigates the semantic functions and the distribution of the Conditional and the Conditional-Conjunctive moods in Moksha ­Mordvin. Based on corpus data from Standard Moksha, I argue that these grammatical moods are not contiguous in semantic space: they rarely occur in hypothetical conditional clauses. The Conditional-Conjunctive is more restricted than the Conditional, both functionally and syntagmatically, as the former is not compatible with directive speech acts in the main clause, it requires that the predicate of the main clause is in the Conjunctive, it resists the occurrence of a correlative apodosis marker in the main clause, and it rarely occurs in postposed or inserted conditional clauses.

Buletinul Științific al Universității Tehnice de Construcții București Seria: Limbi Străine și Comunicare

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Romania

The Scientific Journal of the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest Series: Foreign Languages and Communication is published by the Department of Foreign Languages and Communication from the Technical University of Civil Engineering in Bucharest, Romania.

Since its beginnings in 2008, and especially with its New Series starting from 2011, the Scientific Journal has gradually grown in popularity among specialists involved in foreign language teaching and research in various areas such as

new trends in translation studies,

specialized translation,

teaching languages for specific purposes (LSP),

teaching methodology,

linguistics,

cultural studies and

intercultural communication.

Contributions focusing on new, cutting-edge topics in close relationship with the constant development of science and technology (such as localization, transcreation, the relationship between the industry and translation, new theoretical trends mirroring these new trends, etc.) are welcome.

Chinese learners’ use of formulaic sequences in spoken interaction

Author(s): Jiajia Xu,Mark Morgan,John McKenny / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

As a basis for course and materials design for Chinese tertiary learners’ spoken English, it is necessary to describe these learners’ spoken discourse. This study analyzes the multiword units excessively used by Chinese learners in their spoken English. The College Learners’ Spoken English Corpus ( COLSEC) is analyzed and other first-language ( L1) corpora are used as reference corpora. The idiosyncratic uses of four formulaic sequences, namely in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, I should say, and as we all know, are discussed. Three causes of the learners’ idiosyncratic uses of the formulaic or quasi-formulaic sequences are identified: L1 transfer, communication strategies, and the decontextualized teaching and learning of formulaic sequences.

Completing the feedback loop: Creating spoken learner corpora

Author(s): M. Trevor Shanklin / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This study documents the procedures put in place to create and analyze spoken learner corpora from advanced second-language speakers. The first part describes the development of CAST, an on-line proficiency test, and is followed by a report on an ESL pilot study based on spoken responses from the CAST test; criteria are examined that elucidate effective discourse – of interest were subordination, the use of the past tense and the frequency count of individual lexical items. There is a brief discussion of procedures in developing a similar review of Arabic, Persian and Japanese items; in Arabic, dialectal differences were of interest and in Japanese the examination of word frequency is extended to key words. The study ends with an outline of procedures for displaying the data for ongoing instruction and curriculum development.

Corpora and teaching academic writing: Exploring the pedagogical potential of MICUSP

Author(s): Ute Römer / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This paper introduces a new corpus resource for teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and for carrying out research into advanced student writing across a range of academic disciplines: MICUSP, the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers. It exemplifies how MICUSP can be used as a source of materials in the context of data-driven learning in the EAP classroom. The paper also presents selected results from two MICUSP based studies: an analysis of attended and unattended this and a study of the distribution of common phraseological items across student papers. It is argued that these results are of pedagogical relevance and can contribute to an improvement in EAP teaching.

DDL for EFL beginners: A report on student gains and views on paper-based concordancing and the role of L1

Author(s): Kiyomi Chujo,Kathryn Oghigian / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This study measured student gains in overall second language proficiency and in targeted vocabulary and grammar (noun and verb phrases) with pre- and posttests in a 20-week data-driven learning program using a parallel Japanese-English concordancer and bilingual corpus. Beginner level engineering students at a Japanese university followed a four-step methodology, working in pairs in class and individually for homework. Collected feedback from students on computer- versus paper-based concordancing indicates a blending may be most effective. Student feedback on the role of the L1 in parallel concordancing indicates those using nonvetted computer-based concordancing rely most on the translation.

-des and -mata converbs in Estonian dialects

Author(s): Helen Plado / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 60/2014

The article analyses the usage of two Estonian converbs (the prototypical –des converb and its negative counterpart the -mata converb) in Estonian dialects. The data is collected from the morphologically tagged texts of the University of Tartu’s corpus of Estonian dialects. Compared to written texts, converbs in spoken (dialectal) speech are infrequent; also, -mata converbs are rarer than -des converbs. -des converbs are most used in the Western, Coastal and Insular dialects, whereas the -mata converb is more frequent (although still rare) in the Tartu, Võro and Western dialects. In dialects, converbs are used in fewer functions than in Standard Estonian. The -des converb is used most often to indicate manner, but also as a temporal adverbial; the -mata converb conveys mostly the meaning of manner or means (all cases that answer the question how?). -des converbs indicating manner are less frequent in the North-Eastern and Coastal dialects, while in South Estonian dialects (Võro, Seto and Mulgi), there are more manner converbs and fewer temporal converbs. The relatively frequent usage of short adverb-like manner converbs in dialects is also the main difference from the use of converbs in Standard Estonian. However, this is probably not a characteristic of dialects, but rather of spoken language, which tends to favor the usage of shorter and more grammaticalized and lexicalized converbs. In dialects, there are both implicit and explicit subject converbs. Although explicit subject converbs are rather rare and these are used in more or less set phrases (the most used are päikese tõustes ‘when the sun is rising’ and X’i nähes ‘in the presence of X’, in the Western dialect also ‘as X remembers’), in the Coastal dialect, the verb mäletama ‘remember’ can also be used in this construction (this is not possible in Standard Estonian, where only limited transitive verbs can form an explicit subject converb construction). The implicit subject converbs in dialects are similar to the corresponding construction in Standard Estonian.