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Опыт структурного описания мифа

Author(s): Dmitry Mikhailovich Segal / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1965

The paper contains a structural analysis of motifs in three variants of a mythological story of the Tsimhian Indians (the Pacific North-west of Canada). The purpose of the analysis is to establish meaningful correlations between the syntactic and semantic structures of each variant. The syntactic analysis of the myths was carried out along the lines established by V. Propp and C. Lévi-Strauss. The semantic structure was analysed in terms of "values". The analysis resulted in the elicitation of invariant and variant syntactic and semantic patterns. The invariable order of larger motif blocks corresponds to the invariant semantic interpretation while the, changing sequence of elementary motifs reflects changes in meaning.

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A. H. Tammsaare’s Epic Musicality

Author(s): Arne Merilai / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

A. H. Tammsaare was drawn to the musical tonality of prose. Importantly though, he did not wholeheartedly embrace sound patterning as a mode of writing. Rather, he preferred a semantic widening of ordinary language within a comprehensively holistic “spherical music”. In his novels, we can detect a deliberate use of rhythmic motion in sentences. This is evident primarily in the wealth of lexical and syntactic repetitions resulting in a parallelism of patterns. An obvious, although discreet, rhythmic design emerges in the thesis-antithesis-synthesis parataxis the core words of which are the adversative and coordinating conjunctions aga (‘but’), and integrative ometi (‘yet’, ‘indeed’). The frequency with which these bound conjunctions occur in Tammsaare’s work surpasses that of ordinary speech by about four times, and it is twice as high as the statistical mean for literary texts. One might call this expressive of an epic but-mantra, a prose-poetic but-meter, or a narrative polysyndeton, and, from a philosophical point of view, a but-dialectic. Whenever a reader fails to appreciate Tammsaare’s underlying tone and does not discern the emotional flow of longing scepticism that issues from his dyadic-triadic chains, this pervasive, yet inconspicuously arguing, textual mode may seem unduly pretentious. Indeed, there is nothing to prevent a prose text from featuring a poetic style that is rooted in a poetry-like, paradigmatic parallelism as the poetic principle of formal and semantic equivalence.

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Balkan change in Judeo-Spanish adlimitives

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Balkan change in Judeo-Spanish adlimitives

Author(s): Iskra Dobreva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This article examines the replication of the Balkan areal pattern in Judeo-Spanish adlimitives or ‘until’-clauses. Based on examples extracted from original Judeo-Spanish sources composed between 16th and 20th centuries of diverse genres, the replication in Judeo-Spanish fin ke/asta ke-clauses of the Balkan pattern of prefixed perfective Indicative verbs (with negator) is traced, instead of the Hispanic prospective subjunctive. The change is analysed based on the contrast between Spanish, Balkan languages and the outcomes of their contact in Judeo-Spanish (as a new-comer to the Balkan Linguistic Area). By transferring to the Balkan area, Judeo-Spanish changed from non-strict to a strict negative concord language and this change affected also the structure of until-clauses. The approach is the division of until-clauses into three subtypes (as identified by Muravyev & Georgieva 2018) and their structure presented in contrast between Spanish (a non-strict negative concord language as the remainder of Ibero-Romance) and strict negative concord (Balkan languages and Judeo-Spanish).

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Маркери на разговорност при рекламирането на мода

Author(s): Iva Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2014

The Bulgarian life style magazines, as part of the new Bulgarian publicism, are characterized by some specific features such as: ‐ aspiration for democratization by using slang, vulgarisms, neologisms etc., ‐ colloquialism; ‐ large invasion of words of foreign origin; ‐ blurring the boundaries between literary language and colloquial speech. These tendencies have been adopted by the advertising discourse for the purposes of the advertising communication. The paper analyzes the colloquial markers in fashion advertisement. Object of observation are the advertising texts, published in the Bulgarian issue of GLAMOUR magazine from January to August 2014. The colloquial markers are studied on different linguistic levels: phonetic, lexical, syntactical and stylistic.

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Eзиковата характеристика устойчивост, проявена във фразеологията

Author(s): Radostina Zaharieva Bojidarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2014

Le figement, phénomène inhérent au langage humain et apparaissant à tous les niveaux d’analyse linguistique est examiné ici dans le cadre de la phraséologie à partir d’exemples puisés dans trois langues (le bulgare, le roumain et le français). Sont étudiées les principales conceptions du phénomène en slavistique et romanistique. Une nette distinction est opérée entre la notion de cohésion (solidarité) des éléments constitutifs des unités phraséologiques et la notion de figement (stabilité) de ces unités dans la langue. Le rôle de l’usage comme principal facteur à l’origine du figement des unités phraséologiques est mis en évidence (se traduisant par la fréquence d’emploi de ces constructions toutes faites sur une longue période de temps). Les facteurs contribuant au figement des unités phraséologiques (contenu sémantique, image métaphorique et structure syntaxique) sont aussi étudiés.

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Studii frazeologice comparative în limbile română şi sârbă. Frazeologisme adjectivale

Author(s): Ioana Mariela Barbulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2012

This study focuses upon the phraseologisms functioning as adjectives within the sentence (formed with a noun defining a part of the human body) in the Serbian and Romanian languages, taking into account both the morphological and the syntactic aspects of these units. The comparative analysis of such set phrases has been made considering their structure, the grammar categories of the adjectival phraseologisms and their syntactical function in close correlation with their meaning which plays a very important role in their classification in different categories.

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Interpretačné čítanie básne (Ľubomír Feldek: mozartov koncert)

Author(s): Braňo Hochel / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2011

The interpretation of Feldek´s poem mozartov koncert (Mozart´ concert) from the collection Paracelsus (1973), originally a so-called translational interpretation, analyses the poem in detail. All meaningfull features – lexical, poetological, syntactical – of the poem as well as their mutual relations are taken into consideration to discover the meaning of the poem. Since the topic of the poem („legendary“ concert of W. A. Mozart in Bratislava), some toponyms and habits are very connected with the City of Bratislava, the „local meanings“ were taken into account. The interpretation results into the knowledge that mozartov koncert is the polemics of the local mythology, possibly it may be understood as a synecdoche if the polemics with wider social/political situation of the period („communism“).

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Modalităţi de redare a aspectului verbal din bulgară în română (din perspectiva timpului prezent)

Author(s): Silvia Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2011

В данном исследовании рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся проблемы перевода глагольного вида с болгарского языка на румынский язык. Формы болгарского глагольного вида переводятся в основном формами настоящего времени. Перевод этой категории также зависит от частных значений вида, лексического значения глагола, видов синтаксической связи, способов глагольного вида. Резултаты сопоставительного анализа могут быть полезны для правильной передачи видовых форм при переводе.

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Studii de frazeologie comparativă în limbile română şi sârbă. Frazeologisme substantivale

Author(s): Ioana Mariela Barbulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2011

This study deals with the noun phraseologisms (formed with a noun defining a part of the human body) in the Serbian and Romanian languages taking into account both the morphological and the syntactic aspects of these units. The comparative analysis of such set phrases has been made considering their structure, the grammar categories of the noun phraseologisms and their syntactical function in close correlation with their meaning which plays a very important role in their classification in different categories.

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Възраждане на сегашното страдателно причастие в съвременната българска реч

Author(s): Vanya Nakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2009

The situation of the m-suffix form in Bulgarian is unclear. Most linguists define this form as an adjective, descending form the Present Passive Participle, which is considered to have disappeared in the Bulgarian language. The category is defective and not fully represented for all the verbs. Our observations show that the m-suffix is very active at the current stage of evolution of the Bulgarian language. This trend is related to some extent to an external influence – these forms correspond to the -able suffix forms in English and other languages. In semantic terms, the class is divided into two subclasses depending on the presence or absence of the modal value of „possibility“. In syntactic terms, the form combines adjective and participle features. It allows expressing the complement of agent by means of „от“ preposition, as it is expressed in the Passive Voice, and, as well, by means of „за“ preposition, as it is expressed by adjectives. In conclusion, we consider that the m-suffix form is a participle, which is a vital and indispensable part of the verb system. In modern Bulgarian, it tends to increase its frequency of uses and has its proper place in the grammatical system of the language.

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Прием на полскиот jазик и култура каj македонските студенти

Author(s): Milica Mirkulovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 2/2009

Scietific life: Прием на полскиот jазик и култура каj македонските студенти (Milica Mirkulovska)

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Topica în limbile rusă şi română

Author(s): Sanda Misirianţu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2009

Notre étude représente une description des modalités de constitution des unités grammaticales de deux langues, qui se différencient du point de vue typologique : le russe, une langue slave, et le roumain, une langue romane. Cet étude présente, d’une manière contrastive, les variantes distributionnelles et, bien sûr, les implications d’ordres syntaxique, stylistique, sémantique et communicatif, générées par l’ordre des mots. Les méthodes descriptive et comparative sont appliquées aux unités grammaticales du type syntagme et du type énoncé, notre objectif visant l’étude et la mise en évidence des aspects d’ordre grammatical, liés à l’ordre des mots en roumain et en russe. L’ordre des mots est un phénomène complexe qui nécessite une interprétation des faits de langue de plusieurs perspectives : nous avons affaire à un rapport d’interdépendance entre l’ordre des mots et l’aspect communicatif d’un énoncé ; nous constatons une certaine organisation distributionnelle des termes, dans l’énoncé qui peut déterminer la fonction syntaxique ; l’ordre des mots peut être déterminée par une motivation d’ordre stylistique.

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УПОТРЕБА СЛОБОДНОГ ГЕНИТИВА У ГОВОРУ БАНАТСКЕ КЛИСУРЕ

Author(s): Zoran M. Simić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2019

Based on the material collected in the villages of Divič, Belobreška and Stara Moldava, this paper analyzes the use of the free genitive in the vernacular of the Banatska Klisura region in Romania. The paper examines registered confirmations of different syntactic and semantic values of the genitive case in the adnominal or adverbial position or, more specifically, those types of the free genitive which are in a competitive relation with another free case form which is not blocked either by a preposition or obligatory determiner. Based on this criterion, the analysis is conducted on the partitive, objective and subjective genitive. Deserving of special attention is the competitive relationship between the genitive case and the other case formalizer of the specific meaning, considering the peripheral position of this Serbian vernacular and the foreign, non-Slavic linguistic environment which in cases like this influences the analytization of the case system.

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ИЗ СИНТАКСЕ ГЛАГОЛА У ГОВОРУ ЈАВОРАНА (КОД БАЊАЛУКЕ)

Author(s): Dijana M. Crnjak / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2019

The paper provides a review of syntactic features of verbs in the speech of Javorani, a village in the southeastern part of the Banja Luka region. The objective of the analysis is to draw attention to this little explored speech areal and to designate its place in the east Herzegovina dialect from that point of view. The observed syntactic features will be compared with the situation in other Serbian speeches of the east Herzegovina dialect while registering the peculiarities that set the Javorani speech apart from the rest of this dialect.

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НАД СИНТАКСОМ ГОВОРА СРБА У НЕКИМ СЕЛИМА БАНАТСКЕ КЛИСУРЕ

Author(s): Zoran M. Simić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2018

Based on the data collected in the villages of Divič, Belobreška and Stara Moldava, the paper offers some significant syntactic features of the vernacular of Banatska Klisura (Romania). Aiming to shed some light on the syntactic interference with the Romanian language, the paper examines known syntactic Balkan features, different instances of analytisation of the case system, which represent a result of innovative processes in Serbian peripheral languages. Their scope and proportion within the analysed vernacular as well as the relationship between forms of a specific syntactic Balkanism, reveal the status of the detected innovations, which is related both to the existence of possible structural obstacles to the incursion of particular phenomena from a non-Slavonic Balkan language into a Serbian peripheral vernacular, and the rule of gradual transition from one structure into another. An insight into significant syntactic features allows a mapping of the direction and particulars of the development of this Serbian vernacular in a multi-ethnic environment.

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О ТЕМПОРАЛНИМ ПРЕДЛОШКО-ПАДЕЖНИМ ФОРМАМА У ГОВОРУ БАНАТСКЕ ЦРНЕ ГОРЕ

Author(s): Zoran M. Simić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

The paper deals with the function of temporal determinative case system in the vernacular of Banat Montenegro. More specifically, it propounds on syntactic and semantic characteristics of prepositional-case constructions which act as syntactic formalisers of the direct temporal identification – simultaneity. In order to form the system of temporal prepositional-case constructions of the examined vernacular, the starting point is the semantics of case constructions, observing the mutual complementary and / or competitive relationship of case units within the semantic structure of temporality. A special attention is paid to a variety of archaic features as well as the features of analytical (Balkan) character which are expected in vernacular languages spoken on the periphery of Serbian dialectical territory, and which influenced the system of prepositional-case constructions which carry the meaning of the direct temporal identification in the vernacular of Banat Montenegro.

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О СИНТАКСИ ЈЕЗИКА ЛИСТА „НАША РЕЧ“

Author(s): Sreto Tanasić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

У овоме раду бавићемо се језиком листа „Наша реч“, недељника Савеза Срба у Румунији. Задатак рада је да се на основу описа једног броја синтаксичких појава утврди како се у овом листу одражавају оне појаве за које се каже да су карактеристичне за савремени српски језик. У питању су следеће појаве: повећавање продуктивности констуркција за исказивање пасивне дијатезе, глаголског декомпоновања и номинализација у језику. За савремени српски језик, посебно за његов журналистички стил, карактеристично је повећавање фреквенције ових језичких појава. Крајњи циљ рада је да се утврди да ли се у погледу тих језичких датости језик у средствима информисања Срба у Румунији развија у складу с развојем српског језика у матици. За све ове појаве наша старија норма није имала лепе речи. Дакле, рад није замишљен да се у њему да детаљан опис синтаксе језика листа Наша реч, да се дȃ потпун „систематски преглед“ синтаксе овог листа, што би било нереално и планирати за један рад. Ипак увид у поменуте појаве свакако ће представљати мали допринос целовитом синтаксичком опису Наше речи.

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Роль грамматики в развитии коммуникативной функции языка

Author(s): Adriana Uliu,Maria Király / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2008

Au existat şi există multe controverse cu privire la rolul gramaticii în procesul dezvoltării funcţiei comunicative a limbii, începând cu negarea lui şi terminând cu acordarea unei atenţii exagerate acestui compartiment. Lucrarea se bazează pe câteva afirmaţii care probează importanţa acestui rol. În scopul susţinerii acestor opinii vom lua în discuţie unele aspecte ale gramaticii, legate de practica de comunicare într-o limbă străină. În acest proces un rol deosebit îi revine gramaticii funcţionale, care este considerată „gramatica vorbirii”, „gramatica actelor de comunicare”. Limba contribuie la dezvoltarea aspectului comunicativ, dacă este studiată ca un fenomen sistemic, în care sistemul este format din mai multe niveluri intercondiţionate: fonetic, lexical, morfologic şi sintactic, dispuse pe axa verticală, unde fiecare nivel superior se sprijină pe cel inferior (V.D. Vinogradov). În sistemul limbii unitatea de bază la nivel superior este propoziţia, deoarece aici cuvintele şi îmbinările de cuvinte devin acte de comunicare. Din acest motiv alcătuirea unui număr de variante ale unei propoziţii cu aceeaşi componenţă lexico-gramaticală, variante ce alcătuiesc paradigma comunicativă a propoziţiei (demonstrată în lucrare prin numeroase exemple), asigură îndeplinirea rolului limbii ca mijloc de comunicare.

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Construcţia ca + gerunziu în limba română şi echivalentele sale în limba bulgară

Author(s): Vanya Nakova / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2007

Obiectul prezentei cercetări îl constituie construcţia ca + gerunziu, care reprezintă o întrebuinţare prepoziţională a gerunziului în poziţia de predicativ suplimentar.

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MODALITĂŢI DE REDARE ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ A AORISTULUI PERFECTIV ŞI IMPERFECTIV DIN LIMBA BULGARĂ

Author(s): Silvia Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2005

Posedând un sistem temporal complex, bulgara se caracterizează prin interacţiunea aparte dintre aspect şi timp, fiecare timp verbal din cele nouă ale modului indicativ, obţinându-se de la ambele aspecte verbale. Această fuziune se reflectă şi în varietatea posibilităţilor de redare a timpurilor din bulgară într-o limbă romanică, româna, care nu dispune de categoria gramaticală a aspectului verbal.

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