По въпроса за дефинирането на салафизма и неговите разновидности

Author(s): Simeon Evstatiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2017

The study introduces a definition of Salafism from the perspective of Islamic intellectual history by analyzing specific ideas, cases, processes and entanglements in Muslim theology and jurisprudence. The essay considers the ongoing scholarly debates within Middle Eastern and Islamic studies by simultaneously scrutinizing Arabic-Islamic sources to delineate a set of key relevant Muslim theological and legal debates. The analysis tackles some major issues of the typology and classification of the Salafī movement. Thus, the issue of the enigmatic and ambivalent character of the term Salafism is touched upon insofar as the concept is still applied in a too vague manner to some modernist reformers from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century as well as to the markedly different contemporary Salafī movement encompassing a wide range of individuals and groups, including political formations like the Nūr Party in Egypt or jihadist groups, such as the Islamic State (IS). In so doing, the analysis also re-examines some conceptualizations of Islam, and particularly Salafism, within Western social thought.

Делата като вяра (За С. Евстатиев. Салафизмът в Близкия изток и границите на вярата)

Author(s): Pavel Pavlovich / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

От танцa Сема до съдбовната среща между Руми и дервиша Шамс по пътя на Любовта

Author(s): Vyara Popova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The text offers a formal and meaningful analysis of the ritual dance-prayer Sema; on this basis, the author: 1) briefly presents Sufism as a specific mystical movement in Islam, and 2) introduces expository concepts and terminology specific to Sufism. The text proceeds from the premise that Sema is a visual demonstration of Rumi's ideas, expressed in his poetry, regarding the Path, Love, and the Beloved as symbols of the relation of the human being (as created) to the Creator. Thus, the dance Sema becomes a visual-figurative cipher for the adequate reading and understanding of Rumi's mystical poetry.

Сравнительный анализ религиозно-философских доктрин хуруфизма и единства бытия (вахдат ал-вуджуд)

Author(s): Zaur Rashidov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

Hurufism is an historical mystical-philosophical worldview, part of the Islamic spiritual culture. The founder of this teaching is Fazlullah Naimi (Astarabadi) (1339–1401). In his teaching, Fazlullah attached divine meaning to 28 Arabic and 32 Persian letters. According to Naimi, the letters, numbers, and also traits and features of human face have a hidden secret meaning. Divine signs (letters and numbers) are revealed in the human face (traits and features). Thus, through divine signs, he transferred divine qualities from God to man. Accused of spreading anthropomorphic and anthropocentric ideas that are unacceptable in Islam, Hurufism has been criticized and persecuted since its founding. Its founder, Fazlullah Naimi, and one of his most famous followers, Seyyed Imadeddin Nasimi (1369–1417), were brutally executed. The views of the Hurufites were declared heretical throughout the Islamic world. For this reason, in the following centuries, the Hurufites were forced to hide and their original ideas dnf teachings began to transform rapidly. During that process, Hurufism gradually dissolved in such mystical and philosophical teachings and trends as Bektashism, Alavism, Calendaring, the ideology of Kyzylbash. The ideas of Hurufism enriched the theoretical foundations of these Islamic teachings.

O nazočnosti muslimana u okolici Siska do 17. stoljeća

Author(s): Hrvoje Petrić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2019

The article presents the presence of Muslims in the vicinity of Sisak until the 17th century. The first part of the paper presents the most basic data on the Ottoman occupation of the area south and east of the Kupa River and the formation of the Ottoman defense. Information about the battles near Petrinja and Sisak sought to be presented from an Ottoman perspective. The existence of the Ottoman Sandzak in the vicinity of Sisak is also problematic, as is the mention of the Sandzak Kupa, which could refer to the Sisak area. The final part of the article presents the stay of Osman-aga from Timisoara in Sisak in the second half of the 17th century. The author calls for the need for future research on the baptism of Muslims in the wider area of Sisak on the basis of registry books.

ЦІННІСНІ ВИМІРИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ КУЛЬТУР У СУЧАСНОМУ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОМУ ПРОСТОРІ

Author(s): Irina Sydorenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 36/2019

The purpose of the article is to consider the issue of a set of values, on the basis of which a dialogue can be built between representatives of European cultures that have arisen on the basis of the Christian tradition and carriers of values that have developed within the cultures of the Islamic world. Common Western European memory faces the threat of extinction due to the growth in Europe of the Muslim population, which forms its own memory on the basis of other experience and other values. The methodology is to determine the fundamental categories of work - “identity” and “value” in their relationship, the method of interdisciplinary synthesis, ethical-philosophical and sociocultural analyzes. In order to identify those values that were universal in the past and could become the basis of mutual understanding in the current multicultural situation, axiological and retrospective approaches are applied. Scientific novelty lies in the consideration of value issues in the dialogue of cultures, an attempt is made to find in the processes of public life such methodological principles and techniques that can be used in studies of the processes of social interaction. Conclusions. Modern Europe seeks to preserve its value-normative identity, and at the same time it must guarantee the rights and freedoms of representatives of other cultures. Intercultural dialogue is possible on the basis of values developed in the process of communication, which can reasonably claim universal significance.

Protestan Misyonerlerin Gözünden 20. Yüzyılın Başında Hindistan’da İslami Reform ve Misyonerlik

Author(s): Haluk Selvi,Uğur Topcu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2020

At the beginning of the 20th century in India, living conditions were quite harsh for about 60 million Muslims. With the British taking over the land where they lived in dominant position for centuries, they suffered a great loss of prestige and found themselves in a troubled period both politically and economically.Perceived as principal responsible for the Mutinity in 1857, the Muslim people and ulama were increasingly oppressed by the British. Under these circumstances, a few prominent Muslim scholars who were looking for a way out thought that traditional Islamic approaches could not cure the troubles of Indian Muslims and put forward some ideas to foster reformist ideas in Islam. These discourses outside of the traditional stereotypes caused various reactions among the Muslims, as well as among some missionaries.In order to understand how these reformist movements that emerged in India were perceived by missionaries, it would be appropriate to look at the conference papers read at the missionary conferences held in Cairo in 1906 and in Lucknow in India in 1911. Since these conferences are closed-circuit organizations where missionaries can present their views open-heartedly, there is no doubt about the accuracy and validity of the information provided. The missionaries who made presentations about India at these conferences evaluated the new Islamic approaches in India in their own way. In this article, the comments of Protestant missionaries about the situation of Muslims living in India at the beginning of the 20th century are discussed in various aspects.

ULOGA KOMENTARA U KANONIZIRANJU KNJIŽEVNIH VRIJEDNOSTI – S OSVRTOM NA KOMENTARE POEZIJE BOŠNJAČKIH AUTORA NA ORIJENTALNIM JEZICIMA

Author(s): Dželila Babović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 69/2020

The writing of commentaries in the Oriental-Islamic tradition was originally focused on the text of the Qur’an and Hadith. The extremely strong religious tradition of hermeneutics and textual exegesis significantly influenced overall literacy, so that commentary appears as one of the most significant prose forms in classical Oriental-Islamic literature. In the unity and intertwining of different cultural identities in the Islamic civilization circle, searching for the literary works of Bosnians in Oriental languages, as an important component of the historical continuity of national literature, we find a significant number of commentaries from different fields, written in Arabic, Persian and Turkish. In this paper, some of the most significant commentaries on the poetry of Bosnian authors are presented.

PAZAR USTIKOLINA I SEDMIČNI PAZARNI DAN U 16. STOLJEĆU

Author(s): Muamer Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 69/2020

Ustikolina market has been mentioned since 1394 for the business of the local population, which was especially engaged in the wax trade. In addition, Dubrovnik merchants were active in Ustikolina very early on. According to some of the leading historians of the medieval period, Ustikolina could not withstand the competition of the nearby, more advanced markets, Goražde and Foča. However, from the content of sources, it is evident that the Ottoman authorities have been recorded revenues from the market tax on the Ustikolina market since the first census of 1468/1469. That means that there were trade activities before that period. In order to improve trade, in the middle of the 16th century, the local judge sent to Porte a written petition to change the weekly market in Ustikolina. It was requested that the market be held on Fridays instead of Saturdays. Local authorities wanted to rationalize and facilitate the activities of the population of Ustikolina and its surroundings and make them able to do the most important weekly tasks on the same day and attend the obligatory Friday prayer. The paper pays special attention to the analysis of the document that Porte sent to the local judge in this regard. The content of the mentioned document reveals the way in which the Ottoman state solved certain problems that were important for the local community, and the holding of the weekly market was one of those. Also, from the document, it can be established that Ustikolina had a local Muslim community, a mosque where the central weekly prayer was performed, a market, and an established market day, which were the basic preconditions for declaring a place for an urban settlement.

Ocjene i prikazi

Author(s): Mato Zovkić,Zoran Topalović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 53/2020

Review of: Mato Zovkić - Enes Karić, Bogovo roblje – roman hronika, IK Tugra, Sarajevo 2020, 577 str., 7 Ilustr Zoran Topalović - Godišnjak za znanstvena istraživanja Zavoda za kulturu vojvođanskih Hrvata br. 10, ur. Tomislav Žigmanov, Zavod za kulturu vojvođanskih Hrvata, Subotica 2018, 576 str.

NAUKA O ARGUMENTACIJI QIRĀ’ĀTA حجة القراءات

Author(s): Dževad Šošić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 41/2020

A distinct Qur’anic discipline, which explores the analysis, explanation and argumentation of qirāʼāts, was emerging and developing within the field of exegesis of the Qur’an. The question of qirāʼāts has always been a focal point for Arabic linguists for the purpose of understanding that Qur’anic phenomenon as well as for the purpose of developing linguistic theories, in as much as qirāʼāts were considered to be the main source of argumentation in establishing the norms of Arabic grammar and stylistics. This paper offers a short cross section of the historical development of the science of argumentation in qirāʼāts from early tafsīr contacts with that subject and through writing the first distinct works from that field until contemporary specialist studies and research works.

DVIJE BEOGRADSKE VAKUFNAME IZ 16. I 18. STOLJEĆA – PRILOG IZUČAVANJU BEOGRADSKIH VAKUFA

Author(s): Hamza Lavić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 41/2020

This paper examines two waqfnamas (endowment legal document; deed of endowment) which date back to the 16th and the 18th century, and they refer to the waqfs (endowments) in Belgrade. Haji Osman, son of Husein, endowed the sum of 8200 akca (silver coins) by the waqfnama from 1566, and the income, which was earned from doing the business with that money, was intended for the purpose of maintaining the mosque in Zaynuddin-aga’s Mahala (mahala: a city quarter) in Belgrade and the reading of the Qur’an for the soul of the waqif (endower) on a regular basis. The second waqfnama, which established the waqf of Defterdar Ahmed Kamil-efendija, was written in 1741. This benefactor from Belgrade built, or to be more precise, restored the three mosques in Belgrade: Defterdar’s Mosque, the Tugdži Mosque and the mosque in the Požarevac qadiluk (the jurisdictional district of a qadi). For the upkeep of these mosques, but also for other charitable purposes, he endowed a hān (an inn providing accommodation, food, and drink, especially for travellers), a watermill, a vineyard, and a large number of properties such as residential buildings, shops and land.

Die Muslime im slowenischen Raum bis zum Zusammenbruch der Habsburgermonarchie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Bekehrung zum Christentum in der Frühen Neuzeit

Author(s): Boris Golec / Language(s): German Issue: 59/2020

Die Slowenen sind das einzige südslawische Volk, das in keinem Teil seines Ansiedlungsgebietes jemals eine Okkupation durch den Osmanischen Staat und eine Einbindung in sein Verwaltungssystem erlebt hat. Obwohl in der Sphäre des Westchristentums und seiner Kultur fest verankert, lebten Slowenen bereits seit dem 15. Jahrhundert in unmittelbarer geografischer Nähe zum Osmanischen Reich mit kompakt siedelnder muslimischer Bevölkerung. Die Anwesenheit von Muslimen im behandelten Raum kann in drei Hauptperioden mit mehreren Unterperioden unterteilt werden. Die erste und längste Periode dauerte von 15. bis zum Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts: Muslime beiderlei Geschlechts waren osmanische Kriegsgefangene, von denen sich einige christianisierten und in slowenischen Raum dauerhaft ansiedelten. Ihre Taufe erreichte ihren Höhepunkt während des Große Türkenkrieg von 1683-1699. Die zweite Periode erstreckt sich über etwas weniger als zwei Jahrhunderte und kann als die „stille Periode“ der mehr oder weniger friedlichen Koexistenz des habsburgischen Imperiums mit dem Osmanischen Staat genannt werden. Die dritte Periode beginnt mit der österreichisch-ungarischen Okkupation von Bosnien und Herzegowina (1878), nach dem wird es einen Prozess der freien Einwanderung von Muslimen in die slowenischen Provinzen ankommen.

Obłaskawienie słowiańszczyzną, udręczenie tatarskością - Wspomnienie o Macieju Konopackim

Author(s): Rafał Berger / Language(s): Polish Issue: 683/2021

Oskarżano go o to, że wysługuje się Kościołowi. On jednak robił swoje, chcąc wyciągnąć tatarską wspólnotę z niebytu, uświadomić jej, że jest istotną częścią życia, także duchowego, w Polsce. Gdzie lepiej było to robić niż w Kościele katolickim, który był życzliwy polskim muzułmanom?

Šejh Google kao Hafiz el-asr: internet, tradicionalna ulema i samoučenje

Author(s): Emad Hamdeh / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2020

More than any other period, the last hundred years have witnessed a rise in the accessibility of information through books, media, and the internet. This introduced new ways of learning and sharing Islamic knowledge. In this article, I consider how traditional Islamic knowledge and pedagogical techniques are challenged by the growing number of lay Muslims participating in religious discussions through print and the internet. I explain why the ʿulamā’ perceive self-learning as a threat not only to the ostensibly proper understanding of religion but also to the redefinition and reinvention of their authority. I observe how print and digital media caused a shift away from the necessity of the teacher and facilitated autodidactic learning and claims to authority. Despite their criticism of self-learning, Traditionalists have embraced the internet in order to remain relevant and to compete with non-experts.

TÜRK MİNYATÜR TARİHİNİN İNFOGRAFİK YARDIMIYLA GÖRSELLEŞTİRİLMESİ

Author(s): Caner ŞAHİN,Şehnaz Biçer Özcan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 49/2021

The roots of Turkish miniature history date back approximately to the 8th century. Although the visuals and data that can be accessed for such a wide period of time are mostly examined in separate publications and in certain sections, there is no study that enables to see the general historical course in which the visuals and information are together. The main Turkish, Iranian and Arab civilizations and their accessible miniature history and images were brought together with infographic studies in the doctoral thesis named “Infographic Display of the History of Miniature from the 8th Century to the Present" study, which was set out to fill this gap in the literature. In these infographics, the manuscripts and works produced by each state in certain years have been transformed into a visual that can be traced along with their visual and information. In this article adapted from the doctoral thesis, the production process of infographics is tried to be explained. It consists of reviewing the literature, organizing information, drawing infographics on paper, transferring these drawings to the digital media and finalizing the study by arranging them in accordance with the infographic design.

The Growth of Political Islam in Egypt (The Islamic Brotherhood Movement – IBM as a Model)

Author(s): Islam Islami,Muhamed Ali,Admir Qose / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

As a result of weakening of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt was weakened in both economic and political aspect, beginning from year 1801, when the English expelled the French from the country, Egypt was continuously a prey of imperialist objectives. As a result of deepening dependency from abroad, the Egyptian economy was in the hands of foreign companies, the army and few local cooperatives. The decreasing number of the middle class made most of the population to fall into extreme poverty. The imperialist invasion and unsuccessful result of the modernist and secular thought of the constitution in 1921 was a reason for the growth and development of political Islam. Jamaluddin Afghani and Mohammed Abduh are two thinkers who influenced for the birth of political Islam in Egypt and its positioning in an ideological frame. Political Islam, since the second half of the 19th century has begun to grow, as a result of the application of the European model of a nation-state and as a result of the depravity of the politics of the dynasty that used to rule the country (Zubaida, 2011:73). The despair that was felt by the population as a result of the fail of political and economic experiments, as well as the gap created in the governance, prepared the ground for development of Islamic movements, and one of them was the IBM. This situation is the first critical point that influenced the growth of political Islam in Egypt. The concept of secular, authoritarian but socialist and nationalist governing of Jamal Abdul Nasser was initially warmly accepted by the population. However, the defeat of Egypt in the conflict against Israel in 1967 has strongly shaken the optimistic atmosphere that Nasser previously managed to create within the population. The young Egyptian Arabs who suffered disappointment after the death of Nasser, began to position themselves towards the Islamic line (Eanber, 1978: 96). This situation was the second turning point that influenced the revival of political Islam in Egypt.

WHOSE IDENTITY? RETHINKING ISLAM IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST EUROPE

Author(s): Francesco Trupia / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The socio-political heredity of the long-term presence of Islam in Southeast Europe deserves to be questioned in the light of today’s climate of suspicion and heightened tensions toward autochthonous Muslims within the region and beyond. This brief paper focuses on Max Weber’s neologism “sultanism” related to the religious legacy that Ottoman rules left behind in the Balkan Peninsula, which symbolises a counter-narrative in academia, in order to address a yet another issue regarding the interfaith coexistence among Balkan populations and history-related aspects. This paper then, too, seeks to unravel contemporary shades of Balkan Islam by pointing out how such religious identity has come to represent a communitarian set of everyday rules of practices rather than a pristine faith. Lastly, the employment of the term “idiosyncratic identity” will serve to shed light on volatility of Balkan Islam over which a hostile language toward Muslim communities is nowadays winning ground.

MUSLIMANSKA VJERSKA PISMENOST U PLURALNOM DRUŠTVU

Author(s): Nedžad Grabus / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 83/2020

Integration of Islam and Muslim into wider social community is Europe’s daily issue. Such issues are often over simplified and confined to political discourse. In this article we present some understandings of the role of religious communities in liberal societies. Furthermore, we discuss the issue of autonomy in interpreting of faith as well as in higher education. We also bring up here the problem of absence of the “moral” centre of the Muslim world as the result of which the majority of Muslims in Europe turn towards their ethnic or national centers for all the issues related to interpretation of Islam. Finally, we elaborate upon the issue of higher Islamic education in Europe and efforts to interpret of Islam without its theological and ethical components.

ORGANIZACIJA RADA VISOKOŠKOLSKIH USTANOVA ISLAMSKE ZAJEDNICE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI ZA VRIJEME PANDEMIJE COVID-19

Author(s): Nedim Čirić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 84/2020

Covid 19 pandemic and the measures taken to control its spread have, to a great extent, limited circumstances and mobility of students and teaching staff throughout the world. Consequences of this pandemic are felt in all the segments of society, especially in educational segment which involves the most important part of the population of every state. The research carried out for the purposes of this article is of cross-sectional character and analytical descriptive method was used along with electronic survey. The work of high education institutions of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FIN/Faculty of Islamc Studies-Sarajevo, IPF/Faculty of Islamic Pedagogy-Zenica and IPF/Faculty of Islamic Pedagogy- Bihać) was analysed. On the bases of the results of this analysis we may say that the high education institutions of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina answered this challenge successfully and achieved the goals of education through reorganisation and through establishing electronic education wherever it was necessary. Electronic education and distance learning brought about a transformation of pedagogical and methodological approach, resulting in enhancement in competencies of both, university teachers and their students. This experience gained during the Covid-19 pandemic can be used as bases for planning some reforms in the future.