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GREY Working Paper No. 1: Tackling the Undeclared Economy in Bulgaria: a Baseline Report

GREY Working Paper No. 1: Tackling the Undeclared Economy in Bulgaria: a Baseline Report

GREY Working Paper No. 1: Tackling the Undeclared Economy in Bulgaria: a Baseline Report

Author(s): Rositsa Dzhekova,Colin C. Williams / Language(s): English

This working paper is an output of the European Commission’s FP7 "Marie Curie Industry-Academia Partnerships and Pathways" (IAPP) project entitled "GREY - Out of the shadows: developing capacities and capabilities for tackling undeclared work in Bulgaria, Croatia and FYR Macedonia". Ms Rositsa Dzhekova, Center for the Study of Democracy and Prof. Colin C Williams, GREY-IAPP, Sheffield University Management School, University of Sheffield elaborated the report in April 2014. It provides a systematic review of available evidence on the extent and nature of the undeclared economy in Bulgaria, as well as on the institutional actors involved in tackling the phenomenon and their policy approach and measures used. The aim of the GREY project is to provide concrete policy recommendations, based on rigorous empirical evidence, for those seeking to tackle the undeclared economy in Bulgaria, Croatia and FYR Macedonia. The key objectives of our project are: to conduct evaluations of existing policy measures directed at enabling the formalization of undeclared work; to identify good practices and assess the extent to which they might be transferable to other countries or contexts; to develop innovative policy measures and test their effectiveness at tackling undeclared employment in the EU-27; and to train a generation of experts who will be able to act as advisors and implementers of ambitious projects aimed at curbing undeclared work.

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Analysis of the legal framework of registration of non-governmental organizations

Analysis of the legal framework of registration of non-governmental organizations

Анализ на правната рамка на регистрацията на неправителствените организации

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The analysis of the legal framework of non-profit legal entities shows that there is no uniform approach to the regulation of individual registers. The administrative burden of initial registration and the subsequent listing of changes is primarily on the non-profit legal entities themselves, while the office of initiation, where it is, is very limited. There are no rules or mechanisms for the exchange of information between individual registers, which often leads to a discrepancy between the information. Last but not least, the question of the need to have all these registers, especially those without specific legal significance, and whether the creation of a central register could not successfully replace the majority of them.

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Civil Society Organizations Report (CSO) on Implementation of the Action Plan for the Implementation of the Justice Sector Reform Strategy (JSB) in BiH (2010)

Civil Society Organizations Report (CSO) on Implementation of the Action Plan for the Implementation of the Justice Sector Reform Strategy (JSB) in BiH (2010)

Izvještaj organizacija civilnog društva (OCD) o provedbi Akcionog plana za provedbu Strategije za reformu sektora pravde (SRSP) u BiH (2010)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; judiciary; reform; civil society; organizations report; implementation of the action Plan; justice sector reform strategy; 2010;

Početkom 2010. godine potpisan je Memorandum o uspostavi mehanizama za praćenje i procjenu provođenja Akcionog plana Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u Bosni i Hercegovini (SRSP-a) sa predsjedavajućim Konferencije ministara pravde u BiH i predsjednicima Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH i Pravosudne komisije Distrikta Brčko BiH. Uspostavljeni mehanizam je jedinstven ne samo u BiH, već i u zemljama u okruženju, te se kao takav oslanja na najbolje prakse demokratskih društava zapadne Evrope u pogledu participativnog monitoringa i evaluacije javnih politika od strane organizacija civilnog društva (u daljem tekstu: OCD). Memorandumom je utvrđena odgovornost pet organizacija civilnog društva za sistematsko praćenje i procjenu provedbe reformskih mjera i aktivnosti Akcionog plana Strategije za reformu sektora pravde u BiH, a to su Asocijacija za demokratske inicijative - ADI, Helsinški komitet za ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini - HK BiH, Udruženje „Vaša prava Bosne i Hercegovine-, Biro za ljudska prava Tuzla i Centri civilnih inicijativa - CCI. Oslanjajući se na višegodišnje zagovaračko iskustvo u području demokratizacije i zaštite ljudskih prava, te na poznavanje problematike u sektoru pravde u BiH, ove su se organizacije uključile u proces praćenja, evaluacije i izvještavanja o ovoj važnoj reformskoj politici, kako bi na taj način doprinijele što efikasnijoj uspostavi sistema pravde u BiH, koji je odgovoran prema svim građanima BiH, u potpunosti usklađen sa EU standardima i najboljom praksom, te garantuje vladavinu zakona u našoj zemlji. Uspostavljanje mehanizma procjene i praćenja provedbe SRSP-a za organizacije civilnog društva predstavlja pokazatelj pozitivnih promjena i otvaranja institucija u sektom pravde u BiH. Tom je dodatna potvrda i Memorandum za uspostavu donatorskog fonda za provođenje AP SRSP u BiH, na koji je nedavno, nakon dužeg vremena, data saglasnost svih institucija u sektom pravde u BiH. Ovim Memorandumom je predviđeno da se iz sredstava budućeg SRSP Fonda izdvoji cca 30.000,00 EUR na godišnjem nivou za OCD, koje su uključene u proces praćenja i ocjene provođenja SRSP u BiH. U proteklih dvanaest mjeseci, navedenih pet organizacija civilnog društva izradilo je dva tromjesečna i jedan polugodišnji izvještaj o praćenju i procjeni provođenja AP SRSP u BiH. Ovaj godišnji izvještaj OCD-a predstavlja nezavisnu procjenu provedbe reformskih mjera i aktivnosti Akcionog plana SRSP-a od strane nadležnih institucija za period 1. januara - 31.decembra 2010. godine. Svaka se organizacija obavezala na praćenje provedbe SRSP u okvim pojedinog strateškog stuba, što se podudara s prioritetnim podmčjem djelovanja svake organizacije. Tako ADI prati reformske aktivnosti vezane uz Stub 1 - Pravosuđe: Helsinški komitet za ljudska prava prati Stub 2 - Izvršenje krivičnih sankcija: Udruženje „Vaša prava Bosne i Hercegovine- se fokusira na Stub 3 - Pristup pravdi; Biro za ljudska prava Tuzla prati Stub 4 - Podrška ekonomskom rastu, a organizacija Centri civilnih inicijativa analizira mjere utvrđene u okvim Stuba 5 - Dobro rukovođen i koordiniran sektor. Na osnovu niza uspostavljenih kontakata i razmjene informacija tokom proteklih godinu dana, može se konstatovati da postoji adekvatan nivo otvorenosti institucija prema saradnji sa OCD na samom praćenju reforme SRSP, a praktični izazovi koji su se javili prilikom prikupljanja i analize prvenstveno su povezani sa institucionalnim izazovima same provedbe ove izrazito važne reforme. Za njenu pravovremenu realizaciju potrebno je osigurati punu posvećenost i kapacitete svih institucija sektora pravde u BiH, u skladu sa revidiranim Akcionim planom i pripadajućim rokovima za implementaciju planiranih aktivnosti. Osvrćući se na protekli izvještajni period septembar - decembar 2010. godine, zaključak je da nije došlo do značajnih pomaka u realizaciji mjera i aktivnosti AP SRSP-a. Do velikog zastoja u implementaciji najvećeg broja aktivnosti došlo je zbog nedavno provedenih Općih izbora u BiH, što je pojedinim institucijama u sektoru pravde poslužilo kao izgovor za neprovođenje reformskih mjera i aktivnosti. Također, nedostatak resursa (ljudskih i finansijskih), još uvijek nedovoljna i neefikasna horizontalna i vertikalna koordinacija, ali i određeni politički otpori, značajno su usporili blagovremenu i dosljednu provedbu reformi u sektoru pravde u BiH. Analizirajući ostvarene pomake u proteklom izvještajnom periodu, dolazi se do zaključka kako se reforme, uslijed sve očiglednijeg nedostatka političke podrške, odvijaju isključivo na operativno-tehničkom nivou, odnosno pokušavaju se provesti mjere i aktivnosti za koje se smatra da su manje „politične", što se neminovno odražava i na krajnje limitirani napredak. Konačno, kao potvrda ove konstatacije dolazi i Izvještaj o napretku Evropske komisije za 2010. godinu, gdje se također nedvosmisleno ukazuje na značajno usporavanje reformi u sektoru pravde u BiH. lako je od usvajanja SRSP u BiH implementiran određeni broj planiranih aktivnosti, proces provedbe Akcionog plana Strategije karakteriše niz poteškoća koje se, između ostalog, ogledaju u još uvijek nedovoljnim institucionalnim kapacitetima za planiranje i analizu, još uvijek nedovoljno efikasnom sistemu horizontalne, a naročito vertikalne sektorske koordinacije i saradnje na nivou BiH, entiteta, kantona i Brčko Distrikta BiH, nedovoljnom stepenu posvećenosti, kako u samoj implementaciji utvrđenih SRSP aktivnosti, tako i procesu praćenja, procjene i izvještavanja o njezinoj realizaciji. Također, analizirajući izvještaje Tehničkog sekretarijata za praćenje provođenja AP SRSP u BiH, dolazi se do zaključka da ne postoji ujednačen stepen njihove realizacije na nivou BiH, entiteta, kantona i Brčko Distrikta BiH. Ukoliko se ovakav trend nastavi, moglo bi se desiti da oni nivoi vlasti u BiH čija kontinuirana predanost provedbi AP SRSP mjera i aktivnosti izostaje, i koji uslijed toga značajno zaostanu u realizaciji reforme, u značajnoj mjeri naruše koherentnost cjelokupnog sistema pravde u BiH. Krajnje zabrinjava da je, uvidom u prijedloge godišnjih budžeta pojedinih instititucija sektora pravde u BiH za 2011. godinu, bilo nemoguće utvrditi bilo kakvu vezu između podnijetih budžetskih zahtjeva tih institucija i aktivnosti iz AP SRSP u BiH koje se trebaju provoditi u 2011. godini (detaljnije informacije sadržane su u Izvještaju za strateški stub 1 - pravosuđe). Shodno tome, krajnje je upitno da li institucije sektora pravde u BiH i kojim intenzitetom uopće namjeravaju provoditi aktivnosti iz AP SRSP u toku 2011. godine. Ovakav "propust" institucija sektora pravde je nedopustiv, posebno ako se ima u vidu da im je putem projekta tehničke pomoći Španske Agencije za međunarodni razvoj i saradnju (AECID) pružena podrška u izradi srednjoročnih institucionalnih strateških planova i njihovom povezivanju sa srednjoročnim budžetskim okvirom. Također, neophodno je naglasiti da je u potpunosti izostala saradnja Federalnog ministarstva pravde i Ministarstva pravde RS na izradi institucionalnih strateških planova u okviru pomenutog projekta AECID-a. Ukoliko hitno ne dođe do promjene postojećeg kursa i osiguranja nedvosmislene političke podrške realizaciji AP SRSP u BiH od strane entitetskih ministara pravde u BiH, sasvim je izvjestan scenarij prema kojem će ova dva ministarstva pravde postati „uskim grlom* dalje realizacije AP SRSP u BiH i time značajno otežati ispunjavanje ovog veoma zahtjevnog reformskog procesa. Ključni izazovi u provedbi AP SRSP koji su uticali i na efikasnost praćenja od strane OCD ostali su gotovo nepromijenjeni tijekom cijele godine. Neodazivanje pojedinih institucija sektora pravde u BiH sastancima funkcionalnih radnih grupa, nedostavljanje ili značajna kašnjenja u dostavi izvještaja o realizaciji aktivnosti pojedinih institucija Tehničkoim sekretarijatu, šturost informacija sadržanih u većini dostavljenih institucionalnih izvještaja, nedovoljan angažman entitetskih ministarstava pravde i Pravosudne komisije Brčko Distrikta BiH u radu Tehničkog sekretarijata za praćenje provedbe SRSP, te još uvijek nedovoljno jačanje institucionalnih kapaciteta za strateško planiranje, analizu politika i upravljanje projektnim ciklusom u entitetskim ministarstvima pravde u BiH i PK BD BiH, i dalje predstavljaju nepremostivu prepreku značajnijim pomacima u ostvarenju zacrtanih reformi. Zabrinjava i činjenica da se određeni broj reformskih aktivnosti nastoji revidirati ili u potpunosti eliminisati bez poštivanja utvrđenih procedura revizije AP SRSP u BiH, na što se ukazuje u izvještajima za pojedinačne strateške stubove (npr. Izvještaj za strateški stub 2 - Izvršenje krivičnih sankcija). U svrhu povećanja odgovornosti i kvalitete provedbe reforme od strane nadležnih institucija, nosioci vlasti u BiH bi u narednom periodu trebali uložiti dodatne napore na jačanju kapaciteta ureda za reviziju fmansijskog poslovanja u BiH u pogledu provođenja revizije učinaka za ključne programe AP SRSP.

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Turkey after the start of negotiations with the European Union - foreign relations and the domestic situation PART 2
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Turkey after the start of negotiations with the European Union - foreign relations and the domestic situation PART 2

Turkey after the start of negotiations with the European Union - foreign relations and the domestic situation PART 2

Author(s): Adam Balcer,Wojciech Konończuk,Marek Menkiszak,Marcin Andrzej Piotrowski,Jerzy Rohoziński,Rafał Sadowski,Wojciech Tworkowski / Language(s): English

Keywords: Turkey; European Union; PART 2

The Centre for Eastern Studies has decided to embark on the project entitled 'Turkey after the start of negotiations with the European Union - foreign relations and the domestic situation' for two major reasons: the start of the accession negotiations between Ankara and the European Union in October 2005, and the significant part which Turkey plays in western Eurasia (the Caucasus, the countries in the basins of the Black and Caspian Seas, the Middle East and the Balkans) which We wish to present our readers our second report discussing Turkey's relations with Central Asia, the Caucasus and Russia, the aspect of Turkish foreign policy regarding the Black Sea, and the role of Turkey as a transit country for oil and gas from the Middle East and the Caspian regions. The evaluation of Turkey's standpoint and potential regarding the aforementioned issues is especially important, considering the tensions existing in Turkey's relations with the EU and the USA, as well as the West's increasing engagement in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Black Sea regions. In this process, Ankara may play the role of a significant ally for the West. However, it may just as readily play the role of its rival, who could co-operate with other countries and may seriously frustrate the implementation of the EU and US' goals. The Report was developed between autumn 2006 and autumn 2007, over which time the project participants searched for publicly available documents in Poland, Turkey, EU countries and the USA, and went on five research trips to Central Asia, Russia, Turkey and Caucasus, where they met local analysts, officials and researchers.The authors of this Report would like to express their gratitude to everyone who has shared their opinions with them, and to the Polish diplomatic service, particularly to Minister Andrzej Ananicz, for their expert support and assistance in the authors' work on the Report.This Report does not present the official stance of the Polish government on the issues discussed therein; instead it reflects the personal views of its authors, who have made their best efforts to ensure that their work is reliable.

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HELSINŠKE SVESKE №34: Extremism – Recognizing a Social Evil
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HELSINŠKE SVESKE №34: Extremism – Recognizing a Social Evil

HELSINŠKE SVESKE №34: Ekstremizam: Kako prepoznati društveno zlo

Author(s): Srđan Milošević,Pavel Domonji,Jelena Višnjić,Ivana Stjelja,Staša Zajović,Umberto Eco / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: extremism; social evil; anti-fascism; Serbia; woman; politics; crime; hatred; law; minority; radicalization; hooliganism; social norms;

Pojava ekstremne desnice i desničarske ideologije u Srbiji posledica su strukturalnih promena nakon razgradnje socijalističke države. Ratovi devedestih vođenih sa idejom o prekomponovanju Balkana, odnosno s idejom o Velikoj Srbiji (Memorandumu Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti, 1986), samo su jedan od ideoloških osnova na kojima još uvek opstaje desna misao. Njene osnovne karakteristike jesu: etnička homogenizacija, težnja za stapanjem državnih i etničkih granica, antikomunizam i negiranje antifašizma, jačanje tradicionalizma i autoritarnosti, pravoslavlje tretirano kao superiorna religija u odnosu na ostale etničke i religijske grupe (posebno Hrvate, Muslimane i Albance), otpor idejama multikulturalizma i kosmopolitizma i netrpeljivost prema “novim” (LGBT popuacija) i tradicionalnim manjinama (Romi). Zajedničko svim desničarskim pokretima koji se pozivaju na ekstremni srpski nacionalizam i fundamentalističke interpretacije pravoslavlja, odnosno svetosavlja, jeste i izrazita islamofobija i neprijateljski stav prema svemu što je islamsko.

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2009 State of the Country - REPUBLIC of MOLDOWA
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2009 State of the Country - REPUBLIC of MOLDOWA

2009 State of the Country - REPUBLIC of MOLDOWA

Author(s): Valeriu Prohniţchi,Alex Oprunenco / Language(s): English

What is the nature and the causes of economic development in the Republic of Moldova? As shown in this 2009 State of the Country Report, Moldova's geographic and natural endowment is not conducive to an effortless long term development. At the same time, poor and extremely scarce human capital congruent with the real economic needs, remains the key constraint undermining labor productivity. Within this context, it is crucial for Moldova to strengthen its market institutions so that to become the most attractive country for investors in the Eastern Europe. And because the institutional framework is also influenced by the political process and social order, it is important that various political parties and social groups, although holding divergent preferences, engage in peaceful discussions and go beyond one's boundaries regarding the alternatives that oppose them. Finally, Moldova's European aspirations still divide citizens in, at least two divergent camps, on the one side of the spectrum are those who favour the European option over the Eastern one and alternatively, on the other side are those that identify with the latter space rather than with the EU. All in all, this analysis points out to the need of a balanced and cautious approach both with regard to the foreign and domestic public policies, bearing in mind the overarching goal of European integration.

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EUROMONITOR 01 (2006/02/20)
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EUROMONITOR 01 (2006/02/20)

EUROMONITOR 01 (2006/02/20)

Author(s): Igor Boțan,Iurie Gotișan,Valeriu Prohniţchi,Alex Oprunenco / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Moldowa-EU;

This Report monitors the implementation of the European Union - Republic of Moldova Action Plan during 2005. The 10 areas identified in the Plan as a priority are analyzed. In the field of democratic institutions, the essential achievements are, in fact, a consequence of the “political partnership achieved by the parties represented in the legislative forum.

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EUROMONITOR 27 (2013/07/04) - European Integration: One Step Forward and Two Steps Back?
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EUROMONITOR 27 (2013/07/04) - European Integration: One Step Forward and Two Steps Back?

EUROMONITOR 27 (2013/07/04) - Integrarea europeană: un pas înainte și doi înapoi?

Author(s): Igor Boțan,Valeriu Prohniţchi,Adrian Lupuşor,Nadejda Afanasieva / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Democratic institutions; Transnistria conflict; capacity of administration; juridical system; economic reforms; foreign trade; social development; migration; border control;

The purpose of the document is to develop an independent analysis of the policies and reforms implemented by the Chisinau authorities in order to bring them closer to the European Union, politically, economically and institutionally. In particular, the European Union - Republic of Moldova Action Plan (EUMAP) was monitored, which is the most important and exhaustive strategic planning document where all of Moldova's commitments in the European integration process are specified. Although the formal implementation period is 2005-2012, it has been automatically extended for an indefinite period. Moreover, the EUMAP remained current, given that the vast majority of the necessary priorities and actions specified in the plan are still relevant today.

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Transnistria: A gradual Reintegration
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Transnistria: A gradual Reintegration

Transnistria: o Reintegrare treptata

Author(s): Nicu Popescu,Leonid Litră / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Transnistria; separation; reintegration; Moldova;

Of all the post-Soviet secessionist conflicts, the one in Transnistria has long been perceived as the most "solvable." There is little ethnic hatred and most stakeholders accept, in principle, the need to reintegrate Transnistria into Moldova. The election of a new Transnistrian leader and the support given to the issue by German Chancellor Angela Merkel as part of the security dialogue with Russia have also fueled hopes of a solution to the conflict. However, the conflict will not be resolved through a diplomatic offensive. A quick and reckless solution, based on a big deal with Russia, would almost certainly affect Moldova's integration into the EU. Instead, the EU and Moldova should pursue a bottom-up de facto reintegration policy. The EU should maintain high-level diplomatic pressure on Russia to expand the scale of confidence-building measures between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria, changing peacekeeping arrangements, and eliminating military checkpoints. The EU should also expand its interaction with the Transnistrian authorities through joint projects and look for ways to connect the region to EU-Moldova cooperation, including free trade. But by far the most important contribution of the EU to the conflict settlement process will come from a firm policy of anchoring Moldova in Europe by supporting the reform process, a visa-free regime and free trade between the EU. and Moldova.

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The Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation as an obstacle to democratic development in the Post-Soviet space
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The Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation as an obstacle to democratic development in the Post-Soviet space

Politica Externă a Federaţiei Ruse ca obstacol al dezvoltării democratice în spaţiul Post-Sovietic

Author(s): Dumitru Minzarari / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Moldova-Russia-relations; post-Soviet Foreign Policy;

It is even quite difficult to understand how Russia is obstructing the process of democratic transition in post-Soviet states because of the subtle tools and methods used by the Kremlin. In fact, Russia has returned to the mechanisms of indirect aggression practiced by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Then, understanding the enormous danger of a nuclear war, which could have been triggered by direct armed clashes with the United States, the Soviet Union confronted its enemy in third world states through proxy wars. As the provisions of international law do not address the field of indirect aggression well, Russia is free to unleash such hostile actions against its neighbors. The paper will also superficially address these aspects, i.e. the gaps in international law, which, in modern conditions, leads to the transformation of interstate aggression mechanisms. The main purpose of the study, however, will remain to investigate how to use indirect aggression in Russia's foreign policy, in order to generate the regression of the democratic transition in Moldova. The next chapter will elucidate the preponderance of the foreign factor, more precisely of the Russian foreign policy, over the domestic, domestic factor, in directing the political processes and the internal development of the examined post-Soviet states.

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National Security & Defence, № 167+168 (2016 - 09+10)
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National Security & Defence, № 167+168 (2016 - 09+10)

National Security & Defence, № 167+168 (2016 - 09+10)

Author(s): Oleksandr Lytvynenko,Andrey Piontkovsky,Lidia Smola,Mykhailo Honchar,Konstantin Mashovets,James Sherr,Pavel K. Baev,Cécile Vaissié / Language(s): English

RUSSIA’S “HYBRID” WAR – CHALLENGE AND THREAT FOR EUROPE // European Dimension of Russia’s Aggression // Russia’s Hybrid Aggression: Ukrainian Foothold // RUSSIA’S “HYBRID” AGGRESSION: GOALS, CONSEQUENCES, COUNTERMEASURES // RUSSIA’S “HYBRID” AGGRESSION IN UKRAINE AND IN EUROPE: EXPERT OPINIONS AND ASSESSMENTS // THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT IN THE EYES OF CITIZENS // CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSEQUENCES OF RUSSIAN EXPANSION: EXPERT DIALOGUE // TOTAL WAR PUTIN-STYLE: RUSSIA’S “HYBRID” WAR AGAINST UKRAINE // “HYBRID” WORLD WAR IV (2014-2016). THE RISE AND FALL OF THE “RUSSIAN WORLD” // INFORMATIONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF A “HYBRID” WAR // FROM “RUSSIA’S GREATNESS” TO “GRAND EURASIA”: HYBRID WARAS A MECHANISM OF RUSSIA’S GEOPOLITICAL EXPANSION // MILITARY COMPONENT OF RUSSIA’S AGGRESSION // THE CHALLENGE OF “HYBRID WAR” // RUSSIA AND СENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: BETWEEN CONFRONTATION AND COLLUSION // KREMLIN’S NETWORKS IN FRANCE

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Published Works and Activities undertaken by Gheorghe Sarău between 1980 and 2015
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Published Works and Activities undertaken by Gheorghe Sarău between 1980 and 2015

Lucrări publicate şi activităţi întreprinse de Gheorghe Sarău în perioada 1980–2015

Author(s): Gheorghe Sarau / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Gheorghe Sarău; Publishing works and literature; Romany language; Ethnic minorities studies;

Gheorghe Sarău (Romania - Bucharest, born in 1956) has been since 1992 a professor doctor at the department of Romany Language and Literature, at the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures (University of Bucharest). At the same time, he has been a counselor for Romany language and Roma at the Direction for Minorities - Ministry of National Education (1992-present). After graduating from university (University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures - Russian and Hungarian languages Departments; Bulgarian and Spanish as optional courses) in 1983, Gheorghe Sarău began to study Romany individually, language which he taught at the Normal School of Bucharest from 1990to 1994, to a group of future primary school teachers. On 28 September 1998 he became a Doctor of Philology at the University of Bucharest. The doctorate was obtained under the guidance of prof. Lucia Wald in the Indo-European studies field, on the subject of Tinsmiths Roma Language. Gheorghe Sarău attended several training programmes (1990-2000) in the field of Romany Language, under the guidance of Prof. Marcel Courthiade (professor at INALCO Paris) and of Prof. Rajko Djurić -poet and the President of National Roma Union, in Finland (1991), Italy (1992), France (1993 1994, 1995), Germany (1998). He was also invited by Professors Courthiade and Djurić to teach with them Romany courses in Germany (1999 and 2002), at the International Courses of Romany Language, Literature and History. Gheorghe Sarău published his first article in 1982, as a student, and his first book was published in1992 (the first Romany dictionary in Romania - Mic dicționar rom-romîn, Kriterion Publishing House). Over the years, he has published over 70 titles, most of them individually, but also as collective works. He has also played an important role in the standardization of Romany language in Romania, in the organization and development of the Romany studies at the pre-school, school, high school and university level. In October 1992, he introduced the first Optional Course of Romany Language at the University of Bucharest and in 1997 he created the Department of Romany Studies at the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures in Bucharest. He also founded the Distance Learning Department for Romany Language, which helped training over 600 Romany Language school teachers. He has also managed the developing and implementation of strategic programmes of the Ministry of Education in Romania. In recognition for his outstanding contribution to promoting constantly the Romany Language -through writings, through the introduction and consolidation of the Romany language education and through the initiatives regarding the general education of Roma - he has received several awards(Hidalgo Award - Spain, 1999; The Republic of Italy President's Award - Italy, 1999; Decoration and diploma on the occasion of the celebration of 25 years from the founding of the Hindi Language Department in Romania, awarded by HE the Indian Ambassador, Rajiv Dogra, on 29 March 2000, etc.).

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National Security & Defence, № 034 (2002 - 10)
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National Security & Defence, № 034 (2002 - 10)

National Security & Defence, № 034 (2002 - 10)

Author(s): Nadiya Dudar,Lyudmila Shangina,Andriy Bychenko,Volodymyr Vaskovskyi,Adolf Hampel,Yuriy Yakimenko / Language(s): English

THE CHURCH, THE STATE AND SOCIETY: THE PROBLEMS OF INTERACTION IN THE PRESENT-DAY POLITICAL PROCESS // RELIGION AND THE CHURCH IN THE PUBLIC LIFE OF UKRAINE // RELIGIOSITY OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY: THE LEVEL, CHARACTER, AND SPECIFICS // THE STATE OF THE CONFESSIONAL NETWORK IN UKRAINE // THE CHURCHES IN GERMANY: the experience of interaction with the state, political and public organisations // SOCIAL ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: ARE WE DOOMED TO WHAT WE HAVE? // UKRAINE’S MIDDLE CLASS AS A PUBLIC ACTOR // DEFERRED LIFE, OR MIDDLE CLASS A‘ LA UKRAINE

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National Security & Defence, № 050 (2004 - 02)
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National Security & Defence, № 050 (2004 - 02)

National Security & Defence, № 050 (2004 - 02)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

THE PROBLEMS OF OWNERSHIP AND LEGALISATION OF CAPITALS AND INCOMES IN UKRAINE // THE TAX AMNESTY SHOULD HAVE A LONGTERM CHARACTER // GUARANTEES AND MECHANISMS OF REAL PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS ARE NEEDED // THE FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE SHOULD BE REGIMENTED // THE PROBLEM OF LEGALISATION CANNOT BE SOLVED THROUGH AMNESTY // THE PRESIDENTIAL BILL ON LEGALISATION OF INCOMES OF NATURAL PERSONS IS IMPERFECT // THE ISSUE OF LEGALISATION OF GREY CAPITALS IS POLITICAL CHEWING GUM // THERE SHOULD BE NO REDISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTY // LEGALISATION OF INCOMES WILL OCCUR ONLY AFTER COMPLETE PRIVATISATION AND ON TERMS ACCEPTABLE FOR OWNERS // ONE SHOULD DISTINGUISH BETWEEN LEGALISATION OF GREY INCOMES AND MONEY LAUNDERING // THE LAW ON AMNESTY OF GREY CAPITALS MEANS ABOLITION OF SERFDOM // WHERE WILL THE ROAD OF REVISION OF THE RESULTS OF PRIVATISATION LEAD? // CIVIL SOCIETY SHOULD BE STRENGTHENED // LEGALISATION OF GREY INCOMES MAINLY DEPENDS ON EXTRA ECONOMIC FACTORS // REVISION OF THE RESULTS OF PRIVATISATION WILL TAKE PLACE // REDISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTY AND PRIVATISATION PERMANENTLY CONTINUE IN UKRAINE // THE IMPORTANCE OF LEGITIMATING THE ECONOMY AND LEGALISATION OF GREY CAPITALS FOR PROMOTION OF THE ECONOMY AND DEMOCRACY IN UKRAINE // LEGITIMISATION WILL IN FACT MEAN REDISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTY

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UNDP - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 – ALBANIA. Capacity Development and Integration with the European Union
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UNDP - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 – ALBANIA. Capacity Development and Integration with the European Union

UNDP - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 – ALBANIA. Capacity Development and Integration with the European Union

Author(s): Richard Flaman,Remzi Lani,Paul Stubbs,Mansour Farsad / Language(s): English

Keywords: Albanian political development; Albanian social development;

The report takes a comprehensive look at the country’s capacity developmentprocesses, at the set of successful policy choices and specific capacityinvestments, with a focus on the role of investments in knowledge, humanresource development, public governance and public accountability for thecountry to be better prepared to face the increasing challenges of EU accession.NHDR Albania 2010 provides also an updated map of human development inthe country. The report makes use of data from Living Standards MeasurementSurvey 2008 to calculate the new human development indicators—HumanDevelopment Index (HDI), Human Poverty Index (HPI), Gender-relatedDevelopment Index (GDI) and Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM).

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UNDP - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 – RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Millennium Development Goals in Russia: Looking into the Future
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UNDP - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 – RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Millennium Development Goals in Russia: Looking into the Future

UNDP - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 – RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Millennium Development Goals in Russia: Looking into the Future

Author(s): Sergey Nikolayevich Bobylev,Vladimir Mau,Lilia N. Ovcharova,Alexander V. Akimov,Alexander A. Razumov,Marina Evgenievna Baskakovaa,Irina V. Soboleva,Kirill D. Danishevsky,Natal’ja Vasil’evna Zubarevich,Elena G. Voronkova,Lev S. Voronkov / Language(s): English

Keywords: Social Development in Russia; Political Development in Russia;

Trends in MDG achievement in Russia are mixed. There are clear positive trends: poverty is reduced, education is more accessible, child and maternal mor-tality rates have shrunk, and Russia’s position as an in-ternational donor has strengthened. However, many issues still require serious attention, particularly the spread of HIV/AIDS, lack of committed gender policy, damage to the environment, and significant inter-regional disparities in human development. As the Report makes clear, ensuring sustainability of current positive trends is also a key challenge. We hope that this Report will not only stimulate discussion of the MDGs and Russia’s role in global development among the expert community and a broader public but that it also will provide basis for strategic decisions to strengthen human development, at both federal and regional levels in Russia.

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Report on the struggle for human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Report on the struggle for human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Izvještaj o borbi za ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; human rights; freedom of peaceful assembly; freedom of speech; freedom of movement;

U sklopu projekta ,,Doprinos akademske zajednice zaštiti ljudskih prava u Bosni i Hercegovini” koji realizuje Pravni fakultet u Lukavici Univerziteta za poslovni inženjering i menadžment Banja Luka, u saradnji sa Asocijacijom za demokratske inicijative (ADI) iz Sarajeva, a uz finansijsku podršku Evropske komisije, u periodu od marta do jula mjeseca 2021. godine sprovedeno je istraživanje koje je za predmet imalo pravno dogmatsku analizu zakona i podzakonskih akata u oblasti poštovanja ljudskog prava na slobodu mišljenja i izražavanja, prava na slobodu mirnog okupljanja i udruživanja i prava na slobodu kretanja, kao i analizu implementacije odredaba ovih akata od strane bezbjednosnih i pravosudnih institucija (policije i sudova). Cilj istraživanja je bio da se mapiraju slučajevi institucionalnog kršenja tri naprijed navedena ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini, kao i da se sagleda postupanje Institucije ombudsmana za ljudska prava na polju zaštite tri naprijed navedena ljudska prava i odrede mogućnosti za jačanje i popularizaciju učešća akademskih institucija i organizacija civilnog društva u unapređenju politika zaštite ljduskih prava u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kao krajnji ishod istraživanja izrađena je ,,Studija mapiranja institucionalnog kršenja ljudskih prava u Bosni i Hercegovini” kojom je mapirano više od 451 slučaj institucionalnog kršenja naprijed navedenih ljudskih prava (176 slučajeva institucionalnog kršenja prava na slobodu mišljenja i izražavanja, 102 slučaja institucionalnog kršenja prava na slobodu mirnog okupljanja i udruživanja i 173 slučaja institucionalnih kršenja prava na slobodu kretanja). Na osnovu nalaza Studije da se zaključiti da su loša zakonska rješenja, u smislu neusaglašenosti sa Evropskom konvencijom o zaštiti ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda i praksom Evropskog suda za ljudska prava, praćena lošim formulacijama podzakonskih akata kao i odsustvom internih procedura u smislu postupanja sigurnosnih institucija, dovela do slučajeva institucionalnog kršenja ljudskih prava koja su mapirana Studijom. Shodno navedenom, ,,Izvještaj o borbi za ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovni” predstavlja kvalitativnu analizu važećih zakonskih odredbi u odnosu na tri naprijed navedna ljudska prava koja su zagarantovana Ustavom Bosne i Hercegovine i meuđnarodnim ugovorima koji obavezuju Bosnu i Hercegovinu na njihovu zaštitu, urađenu na osnovu nalaza Studije kao i korištenjem informacija iz otvorenih izvora poput izvještaja Institucije ombudsmana za ljudska prava, izvještaja međunarodnih organizacija i domaćih OCD koje se bave praćenjem zaštite ljudskih prava u BiH, sadržaja naučnih i stručnih radova, novinarskih tekstova, razgovora sa predstavnicima organa vlasti i sl. Pored ovoga, u cilju obezbjeđivanja što sadržajnije slike stanja u oblasti zaštite tri naprijed navedena ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini za potrebe izrade ovog izvještaja putem anonimne ankete sporvedeno je istraživanje o pitanju percepcije stanja tri odabrana ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini među predstavnicima akademske zajednice i organizacija civilnog društva. Na osnovu naprijed navedenih informacija u izvještaju su date preporuke za ministarstva na svim nivoima i preporuke za Instituciju ombudsmena za ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini u smislu smjernica za unapređenje politika zaštite ljudskih prava.

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Local Communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Challenges and Prospects for Institutional Development
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Local Communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Challenges and Prospects for Institutional Development

Local Communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Challenges and Prospects for Institutional Development

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; local communities; institutional development; challenges; prospects; governance;

Local communities (mjesne zajednice – hereafter LCs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereafter BiH) have for a long time been perceived as a relic of the country’s Yugoslav past. The sub-municipal institutions were established in former Yugoslavia as hubs of community self-government, serving as venues of citizen engagement around community problems. However, after the former socialist political system was dismantled following the 1992-1995 war and new institutions were installed, not much attention had been paid to local communities. As of recently, LCs have been receiving increasing attention, especially of international and non-governmental organizations. As legally recognized sub-municipal institutions, they are seen as having potential to foster citizen engagement. A 2012 survey of Centres for Civic Initiatives (CCI), administered in 14 municipalities in BiH, shows that respondents were the most aware of the possibility to participate through the LC (74.6%) out of a number of other participation mechanisms at the local level, and that the LC is among the most frequently used participatory mechanisms (33.2%). Although a 2009 World Bank study survey data from 20 municipalities showed that most citizens did not have the experience of engagement in their community activities, of those respondents who did, 81% described LC council meetings as the most useful activity of participation. Thus, it is not surprising that a number of projects to date, implemented by different organizations, have focused on strengthening LCs. Some initiatives have pushed for a change of their legal status and have advocated for a minimum of standards for local community operations through local acts, while others have worked on strengthening local community capacities. However, a number of obstacles to local community functioning remain. Some authors highlight as challenges, inter alia, the lack of formal competences of these bodies, their missing financial autonomy and inconsistent budgetary allocations from local government to LCs, as well as the influence of political parties on the elections of LC councilors and presidents. The World Bank study shows vast differences in local respondents’ awareness of, and participation in their respective LC activities between different municipalities, signaling that, depending on the locality, LCs may be more or less active, and may take on different roles. A 2013 study of communal services in the city of Sarajevo showcases both the potential of urban LCs to serve as a link between government and residents and the discontent with LCs that residents expressed, stemming from a perceived lack of LCs’ efficiency and inability to help citizens relay their problems to higher levels of government. Understanding the functioning of LCs in BiH, as well as the context in which these institutions operate, is challenged by a lack of comprehensive research on the subject. Studies on local communities in BiH to date have offered only a partial glimpse into the different aspects of LC operations in practice. No baseline information has been collected, including reliable data on the number of LCs. There have generally been no official data or estimates published on the number of LCs in BiH, and such data are not collected by the statistical offices. In general, empirical studies on the subject are few, with most analyses to date focusing on the legal framework regulating LC work. The research presented in this study was conducted in order to systematically learn about the countrywide practices of LCs in BiH, and to offer broad recommendations for improving local community work in BiH. Given the lack of baseline information on their functioning, it is difficult to analyze the work of LCs in BiH and to hypothesize in a meaningful way what contextual factors may be influencing their work. Provided these difficulties, the research is largely exploratory, seeking to gather insights and create descriptive accounts of the operations and functions of LCs. The report is structured as follows: The next, second, chapter features an overview of concepts related to sub-municipal and neighborhood-level governance, followed by a chapter on comparative practices of LCs in the countries of former Yugoslavia. In the fourth and fifth chapters, the analytical framework and research design are laid out. In chapter 6, research results are presented, structured according to key aspects of local community functioning. A conclusion and recommendations follow.

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Local Communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Challenges and Prospects for Institutional Development
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Local Communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Challenges and Prospects for Institutional Development

Mjesne zajednice u Bosni i Hercegovini - Izazovi i perspektive institucionalnog razvoja

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; local communities; institutional development; governance;

Mjesne zajednice u Bosni i Hercegovini (u daljnjem tekstu: BiH) već dugo se smatraju ostavštinom iz jugoslovenske prošlosti. Ove podopćinske jedinice, koje su u bivšoj Jugoslaviji osnovane kao centri mjesne samouprave, bile su prostori za učešće građana u rješavanju problema u zajednici. Nakon pada bivšeg socijalističkog sistema i rata od 1992. do 1995. godine, došlo je do novog političkog ustroja, a mjesne zajednice su zanemarene. U posljednje vrijeme, mjesnim zajednicama (u daljnjem tekstu: MZ) sve veću pažnju posebno posvećuju međunarodne i nevladine organizacije. Vjeruje se da kao zakonski priznate podopćinske jedinice, MZ imaju potencijal da podstaknu učešće građana. Anketa koju su 2012. godine proveli Centri civilnih inicijativa (CCI) u 14 općina u BiH pokazala je da su ispitanici, među različitim vidovima učešća na lokalnom nivou, bili najbolje upoznati sa mogućnosti učešća kroz MZ (74,6%) i da je MZ među najčešće korištenim participatornim mehanizmima (33,2%). Iako podaci ankete iz 20 općina, objavljeni u studiji Svjetske banke iz 2009. godine, ukazuju na to da većina građana nije imala iskustvo učešća u aktivnostima svoje zajednice, a od ispitanika koji su imali to iskustvo 81% opisalo je sastanke savjeta MZ-a kao najkorisniji vid učešća na lokalnom nivou. Stoga ne iznenađuje da su brojni projekti koje su do sada implementirale različite organizacije usmjereni na jačanje MZ-a. Neke su inicijative tražile izmjenu pravnog statusa i zagovarale minimum standarda u funkcioniranju MZ-a kroz lokalne akte, dok su druge bile usmjerene na jačanje kapaciteta mjesnih zajednica. Ipak, i dalje su prisutne brojne prepreke funkcioniranju MZ-a. Neki autori kao izazove navode, između ostalog, nedostatak formalnih nadležnosti ovih tijela, nedostatak finansijske nezavisnosti i nekonzistentne budžetske alokacije općina prema MZ-u, kao i utjecaj političkih partija na izbore članova savjeta i predsjednika MZ-a. Studija Svjetske banke pokazala je velike razlike u poznavanju aktivnosti MZ-a, kao i u praksama učešća u njima među lokalnim respondentima u različitim općinama: drugim riječima, MZ mogu biti manje ili više aktivne ili mogu obnašati različite uloge u zavisnosti od lokacije. Studija o komunalnim uslugama u Gradu Sarajevu iz 2013. godine govori o potencijalu urbanih MZ-a da budu spona između stanovništva i vlasti, ali ukazuje i na nezadovoljstvo radom MZ-a koje su stanovnici izrazili. To nezadovoljstvo proizlazi iz percepcije nedostatka efikasnosti MZ-a, kao i njihove nesposobnosti da pomognu građanima da svoje probleme komuniciraju prema višim nivoima vlasti. Razumijevanje funkcioniranja MZ-a u BiH, kao i konteksta u kojem ove institucije rade, otežano je zbog nedostatka sveobuhvatnih istraživanja u ovoj oblasti. Dosadašnja istraživanja o MZ-u ponudila su parcijalni uvid u različite aspekte rada MZ-a u praksi. Nedostaju osnovni podaci o MZ-u, uključujući pouzdane podatke o njihovom broju. Generalno, ne postoje službeni podaci ili procjene o broju MZ-a u BiH i takve podatke ne prikupljaju statistički uredi. Rijetke su empirijske studije o ovoj temi, a dosadašnje analize njihovog rada uglavnom su bile fokusirane na zakonski okvir koji regulira rad MZ-a. Istraživanje prezentirano u ovoj studiji urađeno je kako bi se na sistematičan način upoznali sa praksama MZ-a širom BiH i na osnovu toga ponudile preporuke za unapređenje njihova rada. Imajući u vidu nedostatak osnovnih podataka, analizirati rad MZ-a u BiH i na smislen način postaviti hipoteze o kontekstualnim faktorima koji utječu na njihov rad predstavlja izazov. Zbog navedenih poteškoća, istraživanje je uglavnom eksploratorno. Ono nastoji dati uvid u rad MZ-a i opisati njihovo funkcioniranje. Studija je strukturirana na sljedeći način: U sljedećem, drugom, poglavlju, prezentiran je pregled koncepata koji se odnose na podopćinsku upravu ili upravu na nivou susjedstva, a slijedi ga poglavlje o komparativnim praksama mjesnih zajednica u zemljama bivše Jugoslavije. Četvrto i peto poglavlje sadrže analitički okvir i dizajn istraživanja. U šestom poglavlju prezentirani su nalazi istraživanja, strukturirani prema ključnim aspektima funkcioniranja mjesnih zajednica. Nakon toga slijedi zaključak i preporuke.

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Respect for the human rights of patients housed in psychiatric institutions(at the special hospital for psychiatry in Kotor,at the psychiatry department of the General Hospital in Nikšić and the Psychiatry Clinic of the Clinical Center of Montenegro)
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Respect for the human rights of patients housed in psychiatric institutions(at the special hospital for psychiatry in Kotor,at the psychiatry department of the General Hospital in Nikšić and the Psychiatry Clinic of the Clinical Center of Montenegro)

Poštovanje ljudskih prava pacijenata smještenih u psihijatrijskim ustanovama (u specijalnoj bolnici za psihijatriju u Kotoru, na odjeljenju za psihijatriju Opšte bolnice u Nikšiću i Klinici za psihijatriju kliničkog centra Crne Gore)

Author(s): Mirjana Radović,Olivera Vulić,Danilo Ajković / Language(s): Montenegrine

Keywords: Montenegro; human rights; health institutions; psychiatric clinics; Nikšić; Kotor;

Projekat „Monitoring poštovanja ljudskih prava u ustanovama zatvorenog tipa u Crnoj Gori“, čiji je cilj unapređenje ljudskih prava osoba smještenih u ovim ustanovama, sprovele su nevladine organizacije „Akcija za ljudska prava“ (HRA), kao nosilac projekta, Centar za antidiskriminaciju „EKVISTA“, Centar za građansko obrazovanje (CGO) i Sigurna ženska kuća (SŽK), uz pomoć Beogradskog centra za ljudska prava i Letonskog centra za ljudska prava, a finansirale Evropska unija, posredstvom Delegacije Evropske unije u Crnoj Gori, i Ambasada Savezne Republike Njemačke. Projekat je trajao od 1. marta 2010. do 31. marta 2013. godine. U okviru projekta, 19. maja 2011. godine, zaključen je sporazum o saradnji između nosioca projekta NVO „Akcija za ljudska prava“ i Ministarstva zdravlja, koji je omogućio nenajavljene posjete monitora nevladinih organizacija Specijalnoj Bolnici za psihijatriju u Dobroti, Kotor (u nastavku „Bolnici“), Psihijatrijskoj klinici Kliničkog Centra Crne Gore i Odjeljenju za psihijatriju u okviru JZU Opšte Bolnice u Nikšiću, izradu izvještaja o posjetama i razgovor o izvještaju na okruglom stolu, kao i izradu brošure o pravima pacijenata zadržanih u ovim ustanovama. Izvještaj u nastavku sadrži ukupnu ocjenu NVO monitoring tima o usvajanju preporuka za unapređenje poštovanja ljudskih prava pacijenata Bolnice u Dobroti, Kotor, koje su dali Evropski komitet za sprječavanje mučenja i nečovječnog ili ponižavajućeg postupanja ili kažnjavanja (CPT) i Zaštitnik ljudskih prava i sloboda Crne Gore, i sadrži posebne preporuke monitoring tima, koje pored Bolnice obuhvataju i Psihijatrijsku kliniku u Podgorici i Psihijatrijsko odjeljenje Opšte Bolnice u Nikšiću. Prvi izvještaj je objavljen u novembru 2012. godine, i nastao je pretežno na osnovu informacija prikupljenih prilikom posjeta Bolnici u Kotoru, Klinici u Podgorici i Odjeljenju Opšte bolnice u Nikšiću u periodu od 17. septembra do 4. novembra 2011. godine. Završne ocjene o ispunjenosti preporuka iz prvog izvještaja objavljene su u februaru 2013. U ovom izdanju je predstavljen napredak koji je postignut u periodu od objavljivanja prvog izvještaja do završnog izvještaja. Na kraju svakog poglavlja dodato je upućivanje na dodatak - tabelu u kojoj je sažeto prikazano šta je unaprijeđeno u konkretnoj oblasti. Na kraju izvještaja, u Dodatku, objavljen je tabelarni prikaz svih preporuka koji pokazuje i stepen njihove primjenjenosti prilikom objavljivanja završnog izvještaja u februaru 2013. godine.

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