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Report on the State of Education 2013. Teachers matter

Raport o stanie edukacji 2013. Liczą się nauczyciele

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: education; knowledge; society; education in Poland

Polscy 15-latkowie mają jeden z najwyższych poziomów kompetencji w Europie, na co wskazują wyniki międzynarodowego badania PISA. To w dużym stopniu zasługa nauczycieli i im też w znacznym stopniu poświęcona jest czwarta już edycja raportu o stanie edukacji – „Liczą się nauczyciele”, który opublikował Instytut Badań EdukacyjnychPodobnie jak w poprzednich edycjach raport IBE opisuje kierunki zmian w polskiej edukacji, w tym dotyczące wykształcenia Polaków, ich szans na rynku pracy, ich wyborów edukacyjnych. Stara się też pokazać obraz polskich nauczycieli: dostarcza odpowiedzi m.in. na pytania: co nauczyciele myślą o sobie i swojej pracy?, co inni myślą o nauczycielach?, ile pracują?, jak podnoszą swoje kompetencje? Obszerną cześć raportu stanowią portrety nauczycieli języka polskiego, matematyki, historii, języków obcych oraz nauczycieli przedmiotów przyrodniczych.

E-Tools for Criminal Case Management within Selected EU Member States

Електронни инструменти за ефективно управление на наказателни дела в отделни страни - членки на ЕС

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

In recent years, public authorities have begun to adopt several statutory reforms to incorporate ICT into everyday tasks of judicial systems’ actors. In the European sphere, the concept of e-justice has been mainly developed in justice administration. This publication provides comparative analysis of current practices of justice record keeping and the electronic tools for measuring the judicial system performance in Finland, Belgium, Greece, Italy, Spain, Germany, and England and Wales as well as an overview of the introduction of ICT in the judiciaries of Bulgaria and Poland.

Monitoring of TVRS's editorial policy

Monitoring uređivačke politike TVRS-a

Author(s): Zija Dizdarević / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Public law; constitution; Constitutional Court; media; TVRS; editing; editorial policy; monitoring; Dnevnik 2; Milorad Dodik; russophilia; propaganda;

Na primjeru televizijskog Dnevnika 2 se vidi, kako je upravo predočeno, da Radiotelevizija Republike Srpske, kontinuirano i sistematski djeluje suprotno proklamovanim uređivačkim principima. Umjesto da kao javni servis bude temeljen na demokratskim načelima i najvišim profesionalnim standardima, kojem je interes građana iznad svega - na djelu je uređivačka politika u službi jednog naroda (srpskog), jednog svjetonazora (pravoslavnog), jedne stranke (Saveza nezavisnih socijaldemokrata), jednog vođe (predsjednika Republike Srpske i čelnika SNSD-a Milorada Dodika). Takvo uređivačko opredjeljenje dovelo je RTRS u sfere gebelsovske propagande. Uz to je očito da je glavna opoziciona snaga u RS-u, Savez za promjene, saglasan s osnovnim pravcima velikosrpske politike. Opozicijska kritika uređivačke politike RTRS-a usmjerena je samo na favorizovanje Dodika i negativan odnos prema Savezu za promjene, njegovim članicama i liderima. Na osnovu monitoringa, analize i evaluacije 28 emisija Dnevnika 2, može se ocijeniti RTRS kao gebelsovski orijentisanu velikosrpsku, panpravoslavnu i rusofilsku informativnu kuću, koja je sasvim određena ličnošću i potrebama Milorada Dodika. Opozicija se ne buni zbog te orijentacije, već samo zbog toga što je nema koliko i Dodika i SNSD-a.

Access to Justice in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A collection of Public Policy Analysis in the Field of Justice

Pristup Pravdi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Zbirka analiza javnih politika iz oblasti pravosuđa

Author(s): Azra Šehić,Elma Demir,Ivana Stipanović,Jasmin Jašarević,Maja Sahadžić,Maja Šoštarić,Milena Savić,Rebeka Kotlo / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; judiciary; public policy; access to justice; justice network; victim protection; witness protection; crime against humanity; genocide; civil society; NGO; Supreme court of BiH; ethnic minorities; labour relations; free legal aid; human rights;

Tokom posljednjih godina postignut je značajan napredak u reformi sektora pravde u BiH. Međutim, iako su doneseni značajni reformski zakoni i podzakonski akti, kao i mnogi strateški dokumenti i prateći akcioni planovi, sektor pravde se suočava sa nizom problema, a održivost do sada provedenih reformi je neizvjesna, ukoliko se intenzivnije ne preduzmu aktivnosti da se nadogradi ono što je do sada postignuto, kao i da se uklone slabosti koje su i dalje prisutne unutar cjelokupnog sistema pravde. Uspostava i upravljenje cjelokupnim reformskim procesom nije obaveza samo institucija vlasti. Kroz provođenje istraživanja, pripremu analiza i prikazivanje činjeničnog stanja, organizacije civilnog društva mogu dati značajan doprinos donošenju odluka i politika zasnovanih na potrebama građana, te ostvariti pozitivan uticaj na kvalitet pružanja javnih usluga. Istovremeno, kroz ovakav vid djelovanja, civilno društvo ostvaruje demokratski pritisak na predstavnike institucija vlasti za provođenje obaveza koje su preuzele te podstiču iste na usvajanje onih politika koje vode društvo ka principima koje civilno društvo zagovara. Ovakav pristup dijalogu sa predstavnicima vlasti odabrale su i nevladine organizacije koje djeluju kao članice Mreže pravde u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kroz udruženo djelovanje, članice Mreže, zagovaraju izgradnju društva zasnovanog na vladavini zakona i zaštiti ljudskih prava. Zalaganje za ove vrijednosti i interese građana u sektoru pravde, članice Mreže provode na osnovu snage sopstvenih argumenata: provođenju istraživanja i pisanja analiza. Upravo u tu svrhu, objavljena je publikacija Pristup pravdi u Bosni i Hercegovini koja okuplja nekoliko analiza koje se bave problematikom pristupa pravdi u oblasti pravosuđa s različitih aspekata. Okvirna tema je odabrana s obzirom da nivo ostvarenja pristupa pravdi jedne zemlje ukazuje na nivo poštivanja osnovnih prava i sloboda njenih građana, te da je pristup pravdi u Bosni i Hercegovini, prema mišljenju stručnjaka ali i predstavnika pravosuđa, uveliko ograničen. Sve ugrožene socijalne kategorije, kao što su nezaposleni, žene, osobe sa posebnim potrebama, izbjeglice i raseljena lica, Romi, kao i druge nacionalne manjine, su suočeni sa nizom problema zaštite svojih osnovnih prava. Činjenica da se polovina stanovništva BiH nalazi u stanju socijalne isključenosti ukazuje na obim problema o kojem je riječ. Uzroci lošeg pristupa pravdi su višestruki: kompleksnost pravosudnog i političkog sistema; nedostatak harmonizacije sudske prakse; komplikovane i dugotrajne procedure; nedostatak informacija; skupi sudski postupci; nepoznavanje prava i pravnih mehanizama njihove zaštite; korupcija, itd. Baveći se ovim problemima autori analiza koje objedinjuje publikacija Pristup pravdi u Bosni i Hercegovini nastoje dati uvid u određene reformske aktivnosti u sektoru pravde, razmatraju različite opcije i daju preporuke s prijedlogom rješenja na datu problematiku, s ciljem da podstaknu pozitivne promjene u oblasti pravosuđa i upozna javnost sa istim. Prema tome, nadamo se da će ova publikacija biti koristan izvor informacija predstavnicima pravosuđa kao uvid u određenu problematiku iz perspektive civilnog društva, te da će inicirati i razvoj interesovanja kod organizacija civilnog društva za djelovanje u oblasti pravosuđa. Koristimo ovu priliku da se zahvalimo svima koji su bili uključeni u realizaciju pripreme analiza i izradu publikacije. Posebno se zahvaljujemo Američkoj agenciji za međunarodni razvoj (USAID) koja kroz Projekat razvoja sektora pravosuđa II pruža tehničku podršku Mreži pravde u BiH i njenim članicama.

HUMAN RIGHTS AND JUDICIARY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (2011-2012) - A Report on the Implementation of the Recommendations for Justice Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Universal Periodic Review of the UN Human Rights Council

LJUDSKA PRAVA I PRAVOSUĐE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI (2011-2012) - Izvještaj o provedbi preporuka u sektoru pravosuđa u BiH iz Univerzalnog periodičnog pregleda Vijeća za ljudska prava Ujedinjenih nacija

Author(s): Adam Shephard,Edina Pirija,Elma Demir,Jasmina Omičević,Maja Sahadžić,Maja Šoštarić,Milena Savić,Saša Madacki,Sanela Rondić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; judiciary; justice; law; human rights; independence of judiciary; discrimination; hate speech; transitional justice; minorities; war crimes; witness protection; sexual violence; human trafficking; evaluation; recommendations;

Since its inception in 1948, with the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international human rights regime was based on traditional mechanisms of protection of rights developed by the United Nations (UN), which gave a significant role to the states. Namely, the states are primary actors not only in the international processes of implementation and monitoring of human rights but also in guaranteeing the rights and running the process of self-monitoring and reporting. In the absence of capacities of the UN bodies to directly monitor the human rights situation in all Member States, when member states fail to be sufficiently self-critical, NGOs, whose fundamental role is to monitor and report on human rights protection and advocate for better protection thereof by local government institutions and international organizations, play an important role. Efficient protection of human rights requires a strong engagement of civil society at both, national and international levels, as civil society organizations are the only entities that continuously monitor the situation on the ground and work on raising awareness about existing rights and call the decision makers for accountability in case of their violation. In this way, the United Nations (UN) revised the process of monitoring and reporting on human rights in 2008 by creating the Universal Periodical Review (UPR) as the new international instrument in fight for human rights, which the UN Human Rights Council applies in order to monitor condition of human rights in member states. Recognizing the importance of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) as a new international instrument for fight for human rights, as well as the new role non-governmental organizations got, the Justice Network in Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted the UPR as a tool in their work already in April 2010. After consultations between the members, the Justice Network joined the UPR process through the development of UPR recommendations for BiH, which were presented by a three-member Delegation of the Justice Network on the 14th session of the UN Council for Human Rights held on 11 June 2010 in Geneva. In addition to the preparation of recommendations and presentation thereof in Geneva, the Justice Network organized and delivered training on this mechanism for representatives of civil society and the justice sector. Also, two roundtables were organized for the same target group, one in Sarajevo and one in Banja Luka, in which conclusions have been defined for more effective implementation of UPR recommendations in the BiH judiciary. Starting from these conclusions, during strategic planinng activities of the Network in 2010 it was agreed that monitoring and reporting on human rights condition in domestic and international institutions as their primary form of action. In this way, Justice Network - which brings together 57 non-governmental organizations whose primary objective is to support government institutions in strengthening the efficiency, independence and accountability of the judicial system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as quality information, education and advocating for the interests of citizens in the justice sector - has identified monitoring and reporting on human rights as an essential mechanism by which it seeks to realize its goals. Development of judicial system in BiH, which effectively protects human rights and promotes the rule of law is not possible without a detailed and continuous evaluation of the system for monitoring of compliance of national legislation with international standards. To this end, a Working Group responsible for development of a “Universal Periodic Review” (UPR) on the situation of human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina was established, which conducts monitoring of justice sector institutions responsible for implementation of the recommendations from UPR since 2010, which Bosnia and Herzegovina assumed in the field of justice. Representatives of the Association for Democratic Initiatives, the Center for Information and Legal Aid of Zvornik, the Human Rights Centre of the University of Sarajevo, the Association of Prosecutors of FB&H, the Association of associates and advisers in the courts and prosecutor offices in BiH, the BiH Association of Judges, and the Association “Women to Women” have worked jointly on monitoring the implementation of recommendations of the UN Council for Human Rights in judicial sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a result of this work a publication titled Human Rights and Judiciary in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A report on implementation of the recommendations for justice sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Universal Periodic Review of the UN Human Rights Council (2011 - 2012) was developed for second time. The Report on Human Rights and Judiciary in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a continuation of work on the application UPR mechanism, but at the same time, it is also a unique publication of this kind. The aim of publishing of this report is to give an insight into the process of implementation of recommendations issued by the UN Council for Human Rights, or by its member states, which were created in a process of Universal Periodic Review (UPR). Monitoring of implementation of the UPR recommendations by the members of the Justice Network focuses on the judicial system, and includes only those recommendations that have been identified as crucial for improving the justice sector in BiH. In addition to making a general review of protection of human rights through the judiciary, the authors also identified recommendations for decision makers aimed at encouraging the authorities to apply UPR recommendations in justice sector more efficiently and promptly in order to fulfill the assumed commitments of Bosnia and Herzegovina towards the international community and its citizens. We hope that this report will be a useful source of information not only to judiciary but also to NGO sector, and we hope it will initiate and develop the interest of civil society organizations in taking concrete actions in the field of justice. Justice Network will certainly continue its activities aimed at monitoring of human rights protection in the justice sector, and will seek to develop further activities related to reporting to local government institutions and international organizations within the Universal Periodical Review (UPR). Taking as a basis the results of monitoring of the human rights situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina as evidenced in the Report, the Justice Network will implement advocacy activities, and also encourage activities that allow a stronger influence of citizens through civil society organizations in the process of making of new decisions and implementation of existing regulations in the field of justice. In this way, the Justice Network will give its contribution in encouraging an active participation of its members and civil society in the development of an independent, efficient, accountable and lawful actions of the judiciary in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We use this opportunity to thank all those who were involved in the preparation of analyses and development of this publication. Special thanks goes to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), which provides technical support to the BiH Justice Network and its members through the Justice Sector Development Project II (JSDP II).

Gender and Security Sector Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Gender and Security Sector Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Majda Bečirević,Željka Šulc,Maja Šoštarić / Language(s): English

This report presents the findings and analysis generated by a needs assessment on gender and securi-ty sector reform (SSR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The needs assessment is a joint initiative by the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and two BiH civil society organiza-tions: the Atlantic Initiative and Žene Ženama with the objective to examine and outline national- and local-level good practices on gender and security sector reform (SSR), as well as areas where further improvements are required. This will enable the development of sustainable and locally-driven future initiatives on gender and SSR, and ensure stakeholder support.The report provides data and analysis on the current state of gender integration in the armed forces, police, judiciary, and penal institutions at the central, entity, and cantonal levels and Brčko District. The gender and security concerns discussed are considered within the current sociopolitical situation and institutional organization of BiH. The report examines the implementation of key national legislation and international instruments relevant for addressing gender in the security sector and explores the gender sensitivity of current policies and practices. Furthermore, the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) working on gender and security, and the forms of cooperation they have with state agencies and institutions, are examined.

Political instrumentalization of the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of B&H on the example of the Council's October conclusions

Politička instrumentalizacija Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH na primjeru oktobarskih zaključaka Vijeća

Author(s): Harun Išerić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; political instrumentalization; High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of B&H; example of the Council's October conclusions; Law on HJPC; VSTV; conclusions;

In October 2017, few days after first instance judgment of the Court of B&H in Orić case, Republika Srpska's Centre for the Investigation of War and War Crimes and the Search for Missing Persons filled an Information to the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of B&H about state judges and prosecutors with “suspicious war past”. Fifteen of them were accused for unethical behaviour during the war and discriminating against Serbs in war crimes proceedings. Just 12 days after the Information was received, president of the Council, Milan Tegeltija put it on the agenda of the Council meeting with prepared conclusions. Conclusion were formulated in the way to establish a control of bringing indictments for war crimes and war crimes convictions with an aim to achieve ethnically balanced proceedings. That would eventually lead to politicizing war crimes trials. Adopted conclusions were unlawful and pointless. The biggest concern raised the last one, which asked to amend the Law on HJPC which would allow Council to dismiss judge or prosecutor without conducting disciplinary proceedings. Conclusions created internal pressure on the judges and prosecutors to prosecute and judge people based on their ethnicity. Reaction of international & judicial community to the adopted conclusions indicated that they were threatening judicial independence and human rights of judges and prosecutors. After the EU pressure on the president Tegeltija, in November 2017 Council adopted new conclusions. Milan Tegeltija has misused his powers as a president of the Council. Firstly, the Center did not ask the Council to adopt any conclusions. Conclusions were drafted by president Tegeltija himself, without any consultation in or out of the Council. They were shared with members of the Council shortly before the meeting started without giving them time to prepare for debate and working material. Secondly, President Tegeltija was in regular procedure obliged to instruct the Centre to deliver its submissions directly to the institutions responsible for the questions raised. Thirdly, there was not his reaction to the Peer Review or European Commission concerns about rising problems in the B&H judiciary. But, he found it needed to react to the Information submitted by the Centre which activities are directed towards carrying out the nationalistic campaign. Republika Srpska’s Centre Information was part of the orchestrated and long-term campaign from Republika Srpska directed against judiciary of B&H. By his acts, President Tegeltija has joined to this campaign. He politically instrumentalized the Council in order to carry out political requests from Republika Srpska. Although Council’s conclusions were re-formulated, external pressure of the politicians and public & internal pressure of the Council has already had a negative effect on the independence of the judiciary in its final effect. All in all, the ultimate effect can be described as the most severe attack on the political independence of the B&H judiciary.

The Role of the Constitutional Court in Profiling the Federal Structure of BiH

Uloga Ustavnog suda BiH u profiliranju federalnog uređenja BiH

Author(s): Harun Išerić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina; federalism; Constitutional Court; constitution; federal state;

In the Paper I examine the role of the Constitutional Court in profiling the federal structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although the Court has missed the opportunities to define Bosnian state as a federation, it has treated it as such, by, for example, indicating the comparative experience of federal states when resolving different cases. Furthermore, I discuss how the Court interpreted the supremacy clause (which proclaims supremacy of the state over entities) and where it failed to do so. When it comes to the competence division between state and entities, the Court has played important role in expending exclusive competences of the state, strengthening state institutions and introducing common competences, precisely framework legislation, which is unknown to the Constitution. On the other hand, the Court failed to introduce unwritten constitutional principle of “federal comity”, especially regarding sensitive issues such as foreign policy. Finally, I discuss how the Court has profiled a cooperative federalism in Bosnian constitutional law and what legal and political consequences it has for the country.

Approaches to SOCIAL EXCLUSION in the Republic of Moldova. Methodological and analytical aspects

Abordări ale EXCLUZIUNII SOCIALE în Republica Moldova. Aspecte metodologice şi analitice

Author(s): Maria Vremiş,Viorica Craievschi-Toartă,Anatolii Rojco,Diana Cheianu-Andrei / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: quality of life, social justice; social exclsion; social cohesion;

Creating the conditions for improving the quality of life of the population by developing an economically competitive society, based on knowledge, capable of sustainable economic growth, jobs and high social cohesion is the fundamental objective of the National Development Strategy for 2008 -2011 (SND) of the Republic of Moldova. However, the problems of poverty continue to persist both nationally and globally, prompting experts in the field to investigate the causes and mechanisms that favor this condition in order to reduce the risks of social exclusion. // PUBLISHED BY UNDP (MOLDOVA), UNIFEM UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN, NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (MOLDOVA)

TWENTY YEARS AFTER. Post-Communist Countries and European Integration

TWENTY YEARS AFTER. Post-Communist Countries and European Integration

Author(s): Ilana Bet-El,Adam Krzemiński,Jiří Pehe,Veiko Spolītis,Werner Schulz,Nicholas Whyte,Vladimir Pavićević,Tihomir Ponoš,Ugo Vlaisavljević,Fraser Cameron,Beka Natsvlishvili,Jens Siegert,Juri Durkot / Language(s): English

Keywords: Post-Cold War EU-Enlargement strategy;

In the words of the Polish journalist and dissident, Adam Michnik, 1989 was Europe’s annus mirabilis. The peaceful revolution of that year was a miracle effected by the people in central and eastern Europe. Hardly any one (and certainly no western head of state or politician) had foreseen that a popular movement active in different countries would, in just a few months, topple socialist regimes and force the mighty Soviet Union to retreat behind the borders of Russia. There was Ronald Regan’s legendary call “Mr. Gorbatchev, tear down this wall!” made in June 1987 as he stood at the Berlin Wall but neither U.S. diplomats nor European governments took it seriously and some did not even want it: to them two Germanys was preferable to one.The contributors to this publication do not just look back with pleasure to those euphoric days when the people of central and eastern Europe overcame the continent’s division but they have also made sober assessments of the intervening period. What have been the results of 1989? How far have the expectations of the time been fulfilled and where have they been disappointed? What role has the example of the European Union played in the last twenty years? Where do the post-communist countries of central and eastern Europe as well as those of the Western Balkans now stand in Europe? What effect has all this had on “old Europe“, those members of the European Union whose historical experience took place on the other side of the Wall? In what way has the accession of post-communist countries influenced the European Union and its policies?

Ethnic Communities in Kosovo in 2007 and 2008

Komunitetet Etnike në Kosovë në 2007 dhe 2008

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Albanian,English,Serbian

Content: Security Issues, Employment, and Application of Law on the Use of Languages and Anti-discrimination Law in Kosovo; Return of Displaced Persons to Kosovo in 2007 and 2008; Kosovo Institutions Applying the Law on the Use of Languages; Application of Anti-discrimination Law and Law on the Use of Languages in Kosovo Public Companies; Implementation of the Law on the Use of Languages in the Kosovo Education Process.

National Security & Defence, № 122+123 (2011 - 04+05)

Національна безпека і оборона, № 122+123 (2011 - 04+05)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Ukrainian

CRIMEA PROBLEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY // CRIMEA, UKRAINE, BLACK SEA REGION: SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT // SECURITY ISSUES OF THE BLACK SEA REGION AND CRIMEA IN THE ASSESSMENTS OF EXPERTS // ATTITUDE OF CRIMEAN RESIDENTS TOWARDS POSSIBLE THREATS AND ISSUES WHICH HAVE SIGNIFICANT CONFLICT POTENTIAL // THE PLACE AND ROLE OF UKRAINE IN THE BLACK SEA REGION: POSITIONS OF PROFESSIONALS // POLITICAL SPACE OF CRIMEA: BETWEEN THE "RUSSIAN WORLD" AND THE ISLAMIC WORLD // ENERGY SECURITY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION: STATE, PROBLEMS, TRENDS // QUALITY OF LIFE OF CRIMEAN PEOPLE AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CRIMEA FOR 2011-2020 // QUALITY OF LIFE OF CRIMEAN PEOPLE - PRIORITY OF CRIMEA DEVELOPMENT: IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS // QUALITY OF LIFE, MAIN PROBLEMS OF CRIMEAN PEOPLE, WAYS OF CRIMEA DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE EYES OF CITIZENS // CRIMEA PROBLEMS AND STRATEGY TO OVERCOME THEM: EXPERT ASSESSMENTS // CRIMEA: SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT // REFLECTIONS ON THE CRIMEA DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY // CRIMEAN VIEW ON THE CRIMEAN STRATEGY // CRIMEA POLITICS: TURN - 2011

National Security & Defence, № 128+129 (2011 - 10+11)

Національна безпека і оборона, № 128+129 (2011 - 10+11)

Author(s): Volodimir Sidenko,Sergey Shibanov,Zakhariy Varnaliy / Language(s): Ukrainian

QUALITY OF LIFE OF CRIMEANS - THE PURPOSE OF THE CRIMEA DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF ITS ACHIEVEMENT // SECTION 1. QUALITY OF LIFE OF CRIMEANS: STATUS, TRENDS AND PROBLEMS // MAIN ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC PROBLEMS OF CRIMEA // SECTION 2. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS OF THE AR OF CRIMEA: THEIR CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF ARC // SECTION 3. CRIMEA DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: MEDIUM-TERM ECONOMIC CHALLENGES // BUDGET FORMATION AND INTERBUDGETARY RELATIONS IN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA // SECTION 4. ARC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND DOCUMENTS OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION: REALISTICITY, PROBLEMS AND RISKS OF ACHIEVING GOALS // ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS FOR THEIR RESPONSIBILITY TO THE GOALS AND PRIORITIES OF THE STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT OF AR OF CRIMEA // Appendix 1. METHODS OF CONDUCTING PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS // Appendix 2. GENERAL MAP OF IMPLEMENTATION RISKS STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE AR OF CRIMEA // SECTION 5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

National Security & Defence, № 153+154 (2015 - 04+05)

Національна безпека і оборона, № 153+154 (2015 - 04+05)

Author(s): Anatoliy Zayets,Yuriy Klyuchkovsky,Victor Kolisnyk,Roman Kuybida,Vladimir Udovichenko / Language(s): Ukrainian

CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS IN UKRAINE: NEW REALITIES, NEW CHALLENGES, NEW APPROACHES // SECTION 1. Attempts to revise the constitutional basis of he state power: 2000-2010 // SECTION 2. Deformation and recovery of the constitutional order in 2010-2014 // SECTION 3. Current state of the constitutional process (2015): evaluations and suggestions // IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM: VISION OF PROFESSIONALS // RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF HUMANS AND CITIZENS // JUSTICE, RELATED LEGAL INSTITUTIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES // CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION AND EXERCISE OF STATE AUTHORITY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF UKRAINE AND DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER // CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN EXPERTS 'ASSESSMENTS // CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS THROUGH THE EYES OF CITIZENS // CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS IN UKRAINE: ANSWERING NEW CHALLENGES OR REPEATING OLD MISTAKES? //LATEST CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS AND PROCESS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM // PRINCIPLE OF COMPULSORY ELECTION AND ITS CONSTITUTIONAL IMPLEMENTATION // COMPETITIVE PRINCIPLES AND TERMINOLOGICAL NOVELS IN THE PROCESS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM // WHY NOT CREATE A COURT THAT PEOPLE WILL TRUST WITHOUT CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION // LEADERSHIP IS AN EFFECTIVE COMPONENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT

National Security & Defence, № 157+158 (2015 - 08+09)

National Security & Defence, № 157+158 (2015 - 08+09)

Author(s): Matthew Rojansky,Lev Gudkov,Mykhailo Honchar,Peter Kutzen / Language(s): English

PROSPECTS OF UKRAINIAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS // Ukraine and the Russian Federation: scenarios of the course of events // New model of relations: conceptual approaches and practical steps // External policy // Economic relations // Energy sector // Security policy // Humanitarian and information sphere // UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN EXPERTS ON THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF KYIV-MOSCOW RELATIONS // RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT: THE VIEW OF WESTERN DIPLOMATS AND EXPERTS // THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT: EXPERTS’ OPINIONS // UKRAINIAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS AS SEEN BY THE PUBLIC // THE DEEP DRIVERS OF RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT // THE IMPACT OF PROPAGANDA // ENERGY ASPECTS OF UKRAINIAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN HYBRID AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE // DETERRING AND DEALING WITH AUTHORITARIAN RUSSIA: TOWARD A UNIFYING WESTERN STRATEGY

The political Representation of National Minorities in Romania

Reprezentarea politică a minorităţilor naţionale în România

Author(s): István Gergő Székely / Language(s): English,Romanian

Keywords: National minorities in Romania; Representation; Participation of minorities in election process; Discriminatory nature of the candidature conditions;

The paper consists of two main parts. The first part reviews the evolution of the most important aspects of Romanian electoral legislation concerning the representation of national minorities, both at the national and the local level. The second part presents the results obtained by the organizations of 19 minorities from Romania at the national elections (1990-2008) and the elections to the local and county councils (1996-2008). During the two decades that passed since the fall of Communism, Romanian electoral legislation underwent multiple changes, with both positive and negative consequences on the participation of minorities. Among the negative changes we have to mention the introduction (and subsequent raising) of electoral thresholds, and the adoption of double standards regarding candidatures for organizations represented in Parliament and those outside Parliament (obviously, with way more difficult conditions for the latter category). The higher thresholds introduced after 2000 had a negative impact on the number of minority representatives in the local councils, and with the exception of Hungarians and Germans, the minorities disappeared from the county councils. The double standards regarding candidature considerably watered down political competition within the minority communities, almost to the extent of granting political monopoly for the organizations in Parliament over the communities they claim to represent. On the other hand, Romanian electoral laws also contain special rules that provide electoral affirmative action for minorities. In the Chamber of Deputies the presence of minorities is almost guaranteed, due to the existence of special seats that can be obtained by reaching a symbolic alternative threshold. Affirmative action is present at the level of the local councils too, but it is far from being efficient. On the contrary, the special rule at the local level is ill-conceived: it is unable to counteract the underrepresentation of minorities, moreover, it can even deprive them of some seats they would have obtained, had they been treated like the political parties. Taking into account the underrepresentation of minorities (and the negative trend concerning this), the discriminatory nature of the candidature conditions and the inefficiency of the special electoral rule, the conclusions of the study call for a thorough redesign of the Romanian system of minority representation.

National Security & Defence, № 072 (2005 - 12)

National Security & Defence, № 072 (2005 - 12)

Author(s): Valeriy Heyets,Ella Libanova,Viktor Lysytskyi,Oleksiy Sekarev / Language(s): English

THE NEW GOVERNMENT’S PERFORMANCE IN 2005: A VIEW OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL THINK TANKS // SECTION 1. ECONOMIC POLICY: GAINS AND LOSSES // SECTION 2. INTERNAL POLICY. SECTION 3. SOCIAL POLICY: INTENTIONS AND RESULTS // SECTION 4. FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY // SECTION 5. THE NEW AUTHORITIES: DYNAMICS OF PUBLIC ASSESSMENTS AND EXPECTATIONS // PROGRESS IN FULFILMENT OF THE PRESIDENT’S ELECTION PROMISES // POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS // TEN THESES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMY IN 2006: RISKS AND RESERVATIONS // LABOUR REMUNERATION AND PENSION ALLOWANCES IN UKRAINE // MAIN DRAWBACK IN THE WORK OF THE ORANGE TEAM // NEIGHBOURING ON ENLARGED EU: A PERSPECTIVE FROM UKRAINE’S REGIONS

Prosecution of torture and ill-treatment in Montenegro - Report of the monitoring team of non-governmental organizations

Procesuiranje mučenja i zlostavljanja u Crnoj Gori - izvještaj monitoring tima nevladinih organizacija

Author(s): Luka Stijepović,Mirjana Radović,Tea Gorjanc-Prelević,Daliborka Knežević / Language(s): Montenegrine

Keywords: Montenegro; human rights; torture; ill-treatment; NGO; monitoring team report;

Izvještaj je nastao u okviru projekta „Monitoring poštovanja ljudskih prava u institucijama zatvorenog tipa u Crnoj Gori“, koji su Akcija za ljudska prava, nosilac projekta, i partnerske organizacije: Centar za građansko obrazovanje, Centar za antidiskriminaciju „EKVISTA“, Sigurna ženska kuća, Beogradski centar za ljudska prava i Letonski centar za ljudska prava, sprovodile od 1. marta 2011. do kraja marta 2013. godine. Osnovni cilj projekta bio je da unaprijedi zaštitu od mučenja, nečovječnog i ponižavajućeg postupanja ili kažnjavanja u Crnoj Gori i pomogne efikasno sprovođenje preporuka međunarodnih stručnih tijela, Komiteta protiv mučenja - CAT i Evropskog komiteta za sprječavanje mučenja – CPT za Crnu Goru. Cilj projekta je i podrška kontrolnoj funkciji Zaštitnika ljudskih prava i sloboda (nacionalni mehanizam za spriječavanje mučenja) i Skupštine Crne Gore u opštoj zaštiti od mučenja i drugog zlostavljanja, i posebno, poštovanju prava rezidenata ustanova zatvorenog tipa. U okviru projekta obezbijeđene su i dvije publikacije za sve državne tužioce i nadležne sudije, odnosno državna tužilaštva i nadležne sudove u Crnoj Gori: „Sprečavanje i kažnjavanje mučenja i drugih oblika zlostavljanja – priručnik za sudije i tužioce“, Radmila Dragičević-Dičić, dr Ivan Janković, Beogradski centar za ljudska prava, Beograd, 2011. i „Zabrana mučenja, nečovječnog ili ponižavajućeg postupanja ili kažnjavanja - zbirka presuda Evropskog suda za ljudska prava“, ur. Žarko Marković, Akcija za ljudska prava, Podgorica, 2013. Izvještaj je napisao advokat Luka Stijepović, u saradnji sa Teom Gorjanc-Prelević i Mirjanom Radović iz Akcije za ljudska prava. Advokatica Daliborka Knežević, ispred Centra za antidiskriminaciju „EKVISTA“, priredila je analize slučajeva Nenada Ivezića, Miljana Despotovića i JU Zavoda „Komanski most“. Urednica izvještaja je Tea Gorjanc-Prelević, izvršna direktorka Akcije za ljudska prava. Posebno se zahvaljujemo na saradnji predsjednicima svih osnovnih sudova u Crnoj Gori, Slavici Stijović, sekretarki Osnovnog suda u Podgorici, Zorici Dabanović, upraviteljki sudske pisarnice Osnovnog suda u Baru, Zdravku Rajeviću, savjetniku u Osnovnom sudu u Beranama, advokatima: Daliboru Kavariću, Azri Jasavić, Borislavu Vlaoviću i Vladimiru Vulekoviću, kao i Siniši Dabanoviću, Aleksadru Saši Zekoviću i Rašku Dendiću.

The influence of demographic factors on the participation of citizens in public life and voter education in North Macedonia

Влијанието на демографските фактори врз учеството на граѓаните во јавниот живот и едукација на гласачите во Северна Македонија

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Macedonian

Со задоволство Ви го претставуваме извештајот со наслов „Влијанието на демографските фактори врз учеството на граѓаните во јавниот живот и едукација на гласачите во Северна Македонија“. Извештајот е продуциран од страна на Меѓународната фондација за Изборни системи (ИФЕС), а изготвен од тимот на Институтот за општествени и хуманистички науки, Скопје во соработка со ТИМ Институт и претставува дел од Проектот „Поддршка на изборните реформи во Северна Македонија“ на Швајцарската агенција за развој и соработка (СДЦ), што се имплементира од Меѓународната фондација за Изборни системи (ИФЕС) и нејзиниот партнер, Националниот младински совет на Македонија (НМСМ).

Demographic effects on citizen engagement in public life and voter education in North Macedonia

Efektet demografike në angazhimin e qytetar në jetën publike dhe edukimin e votuesve në Maqedoninë e Veriut

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Albanian

Kemi kënaqësin të prezantojmë raportin me titull “Efektet demografike në angazhimin e qytetar në jetën publike dhe edukimin e votuesve në Maqedoninë e Veriut”. Raporti është prodhuar nga Fondacioni Ndërkombëtar për Sistemet Zgjedhore (IFES) dhe përgatitur nga ekipi i Institutit të Shkencave Shoqërore dhe Humane, Shkup, në bashkëpunim me TIM Institutin dhe prezanton pjesë të projektit të Agjencisë Zvicerane për Zhvillim dhe Bashkëpunim (SDC), “Mbështetje për reformën zgjedhore në Maqedoninë e Veriut”, i zbatuar nga Fondacioni Ndërkombëtar për Sisteme Zgjedhore (IFES) dhe partneri i tij, Këshilli Rinor Kombëtar i Maqedonisë (KRKM).