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Security! How Do You Study It? An Introduction into Critical Methodologies and Research Methods

Security! How Do You Study It? An Introduction into Critical Methodologies and Research Methods

Author(s): Václav Walach,Ľubomír Lupták / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Security; Methodologies and Research Methods; critical security studies;

It has been over fifteen years since Jef Huysmans (1998) posed the question essential for every student of security: “Security! What do you mean?” Several theoretical orientations have crystallized in response, confirming Huysmans’s observation that the “exploration of the meaning of security is the security studies agenda itself” (1998: 223). There were few analyses dividing critical security studies into schools of thought (Wæver 2004; Taureck 2006) as well as a synthesis attempting to “go beyond the artificial boundaries in order to combine a variety of critical approaches under a common framework without, nonetheless, reducing one approach to another” (C.A.S.E. Collective 2006: 451). And no matter how many new security issues are identified (Burgess 2010), the meaning of security remains contested, as distinctive and mutually exclusive logics of security are theorized.

Embryo and Stem Cells Manipulation – Czech Context. Bio-objects and Their Borderlines

Embryo and Stem Cells Manipulation – Czech Context. Bio-objects and Their Borderlines

Author(s): Eva Šlesingerová / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Embryo and Stem Cells Manipulation; Fertilisation;

In the Czech documentary film Umění oplodnění (The Art of Fertilisation), which introduces the topic of assisted reproduction from different perspectives and view points, we could hear the following sentences about the miracle of conception and the scientific skills and abilities that enable this miracle to happen when the body is not working as it should: “When you realize how extremely sensitive the fascinating process of creating a new human is, one word comes to your mind: a miracle. So many factors have to work at once that it seems impossible. …Scientists… today can repair the broken life cycle to make it work.”

Discursive valuation contexts in Krzysztof Varga’s column

Dyskursywne konteksty wartościowania w felietonach Krzysztofa Vargi

Author(s): Magdalena Piechota / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: discourse analysis; column writing; world view; interpretive community; symbolic elite

The article employs discourse-analytic tools to identify the contexts of evaluative expressions used in a magazine column by Krzysztof Varga. The author is a member of the symbolic elite, a group with access to the media space and with the consequent ability to disseminate opinions. A natural frame of reference for such opinions is the ideological stance of the medium in which they are voiced. By publishing in “Duży Format”, a supplement to the “Gazeta Wyborcza” daily, Krzysztof Varga positions his evaluative stance in the context of how this media outlet is viewed by interpretive communities, both those in favour and those against the newspaper’s editorial line. In this way, mockery, irony and scorn utilized by Varga become not only a means of expression, but first and foremost a way to attack those representing a different worldview.

About the so-called primacy of practical reason

O tak zwanym prymacie rozumu praktycznego

Author(s): Jan Hartman / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: theory and practice; dialectics; primacy of practical reason

This chapter provides an analysis of the dialectical relations binding pairs of mutually correlated categories: thinking and acting, as well as the dichotomy between theory and practice, which had always been topical in philosophy. The diagnosis of the limitations and dangers connected to the overuse of the above-mentioned categories, or to a lack of proper reflective control of their dialectical interrelation, leads to the discovery of the moral and heuristic meaning of the so-called primacy of practical reason.

Ernst Robert Curtius, modern European philologist

Ernst Robert Curtius, philologue moderne de l’Europe

Author(s): Michael Bernsen / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: history of Europe; intellectuals; Julien Benda; Jacques Derrida; Maciej Żurowski; Albert Camus; Paul Heyse

To celebrate the 200th anniversary of the foundation of the University of Warsaw, a research group from the Faculty of Modern Languages organized at the end of May and the beginning of June 2016 an international conference entitled “Europe and its Intellectuals”. The event was planned as part of the international programme “European Culture – European Identity” which is co-organized by the University of Warsaw with, among others: Universtité de la Sorbonne-Paris IV, Universität Bonn, Universita de Firenze, University of St Andrews, Université de Fribourg, Universita degli Studi Firenze, Universidad de Salamanca, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Université de Toulouse Le Mirail. The aim of the project was to show to what extent the idea of Europe was and is being shaped by the intellectual elites, and to emphasise the role played in this process by important institutions such as universities, libraries, museums, archives, publishing houses, and other centres of intellectual life. Such a framework allowed the participants to reflect in their presentations and discussions on more detailed issues: Panel I – “Engagement in the interest of Europe and its shape”, Panel II – “Europe in comparative perspective”, Panel III – “Remarkable individuals of the intellectual Europe”, Panel IV – “European incarnations”. At the invitation of the rector of the University of Warsaw, Marcin Pałys, the conference was attended by the rectors of the Paris-Sorbonne University and the University of Bonn. The papers of twenty-three scholars have been edited and published by the University of Warsaw Press in a volume of conference proceedings in printed and electronic versions.

A short history of the ideas of Europe from the 19th century to the present day

Petite histoire des idées de l’Europe du XIXe siècle à nos jours

Author(s): Mario Domenichelli / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: history of Europe; intellectuals; Julien Benda; Jacques Derrida; Maciej Żurowski; Albert Camus; Paul Heyse

To celebrate the 200th anniversary of the foundation of the University of Warsaw, a research group from the Faculty of Modern Languages organized at the end of May and the beginning of June 2016 an international conference entitled “Europe and its Intellectuals”. The event was planned as part of the international programme “European Culture – European Identity” which is co-organized by the University of Warsaw with, among others: Universtité de la Sorbonne-Paris IV, Universität Bonn, Universita de Firenze, University of St Andrews, Université de Fribourg, Universita degli Studi Firenze, Universidad de Salamanca, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Université de Toulouse Le Mirail. The aim of the project was to show to what extent the idea of Europe was and is being shaped by the intellectual elites, and to emphasise the role played in this process by important institutions such as universities, libraries, museums, archives, publishing houses, and other centres of intellectual life. Such a framework allowed the participants to reflect in their presentations and discussions on more detailed issues: Panel I – “Engagement in the interest of Europe and its shape”, Panel II – “Europe in comparative perspective”, Panel III – “Remarkable individuals of the intellectual Europe”, Panel IV – “European incarnations”. At the invitation of the rector of the University of Warsaw, Marcin Pałys, the conference was attended by the rectors of the Paris-Sorbonne University and the University of Bonn. The papers of twenty-three scholars have been edited and published by the University of Warsaw Press in a volume of conference proceedings in printed and electronic versions.

Why address identity in liberal political theory? On the offensive definition of politics in liberalism

Proč řešit identitu v liberální politické teorii? K ofenzivnímu vymezení politična v liberalismu

Author(s): Sylvie Bláhová / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: political theory; liberal political theory; identity; liberalism;

Liberálnědemokratické státy čelí v posledních letech na úrovni praktické politiky četným výzvám přicházejícím koncentrovaně z různých směrů. Zmínit lze například kritiku ze strany těch, kdo viní stávající režim liberální demokracie z přehlížení významu specifických znaků majících stěžejní význam pro konkrétní individua či skupiny. Přesto však není možné říci, že by byl tento druh kritiky něčím zcela novým. Reflektujeme-li totiž dobu několika minulých desetiletí, vidíme, že snahy o to „být uznán“ – ať už šlo původně o boje za rovná práva žen, rasovou rovnost nebo aktuálněji boje za kulturní práva – mají v politice liberálnědemokratických zemí dlouhodobě své místo, přičemž lze tvrdit, že ji zároveň spoluformují. Vedle toho však v posledních několika letech – vlivem řady událostí (ať už jde o teroristické útoky, finanční či migrační krizi) – můžeme sledovat etablování vcelku vyhraněného ideového stanoviska, jehož objektem jsou sami ti, kdo reprezentují liberálnědemokratický étos. Ti jsou, ať už právem či neprávem, obviňováni nejen z toho, že kolonizovali veřejný prostor, ale také že příliš dlouhou dobu přehlíželi vlastní většinové obyvatelstvo a jeho zájmy, a to právě za účelem údajné ochrany různorodých menšin. Symbolem odporu proti takovému směřování liberálnědemokratické politiky bylo bezpochyby zvolení Donalda Trumpa prezidentem Spojených států.

Everyday Life, Labor and Gender in the Migration Movie "Guest"

Misafir Adlı Göç Filminde Gündelik Yaşam, Emek ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet

Author(s): Fethiye Tilbe / Language(s): Turkish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: migration; work; gender; film;

Öteki özgü(n)r sanat alanlarında olduğu gibi, sinema da çağına tanıklık ederek, düşsel ve tarihsel olayları yansıttığı gibi güncel olayları da küresel ölçekte filmler aracılığıyla bütün duyarlığıyla seyirciyle buluşturmaktadır. İçinde barındırdığı çatışma ve hareketlilik nedeniyle sinemacılara sayısız görsel ve kurgusal olanaklar sunan göç olgusu, eski zamanlardan beri belgesel ve kurmaca sinemanın özel olarak ilgilendiği konulardandır. Her ne biçimde olursa olsun göçler, değişik coğrafyalarda ya da yaşamsal tehdit algısına bağlı olarak güvenliksiz alanlardan güvenlikli alanlara doğru, kimi zaman bireysel kimi zaman da kitlesel olarak gerçekleşmektedir (Sirkeci, 2012; Tilbe, 2015). Bu yönüyle küresel bir sorun olan göç olgusuna tüm öteki toplumsal sorunlarda olduğu gibi sinemanın da duyarsız kalması düşünülemez. Filmlere konu olan öyküler de, kişisel olduğu gibi kitlesel ve toplumsal nitelikli olabilmektedir.

Identity crisis in the Republic of Moldova in the context of globalization

Criza identitară din Republica Moldova în contextul globalizării

Author(s): Lucia Sava / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Identity; crisis; Republic of Moldova; globalization;

Identitatea naţională se formează în epoca naţionalismului, atunci când societăţile s-au organizat conform principiului naţional. Procesul a fost cu certitudine dirijat de autorităţi, după ce au luat naştere pe parcurs instituţiile naţionale. Din acel moment limbii şi culturii majorităţii, tradiţiilor şi istoriei naţionale li se acordă un loc central. Rezultatul final al unui proces reuşit de construcţie naţională este, printre altele, crearea identităţii naţionale.

A Heterotopological Look at the Refugee Camp in the Town of Harmanli

Хетеротопологичен поглед над бежанския лагер в град Харманли

Author(s): Radoslava Mihaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: refugees; Otherness; heterotopology; camp; identity

In her The Human Condition, Hannah Arendt presents to us facts from Antiquity, as well as the quality of life in Ancient Greece, when the settlements were divided into Polis and Oikos. The Polis was the tribune of the free man. Participation in the Polis was reserved only for men, and particularly to those deemed healthy (mentally and physically) and who were neither foreigners nor immigrants. Conversely, the Oikos was the equivalent of private space. It involved women, children, the mentally and physically unfit, the slaves and people who were expected to be “at the doorstep” of their death. As in the Polis, the owner of the home had the right to make orders. Here the border between the two spaces is clearly drawn. In our ultramodern and all-developed society, the spaces are also divided into private and public ones. As reflexive beings, we can notice that the line that separates them is very fuzzy and unresistingly allows the “Public Eye” increasingly close to the locks on our doors. What is left for us if we cannot be ourselves even at home? The refugee’s life is cut from the basic human right to have personal possessions, to have a personal home and be oneself. In his text „Of Other Spaces” Foucault introduces us to places that are beyond these two divisions, which have a special function in themselves. In this article, the camp is one space of exception, with its own specific rules or prohibitions.

Generational novel in the service of settling scores with history. Emigration, escape and expulsion in German literature after 2000

Powieść pokoleniowa w służbie rozliczenia z historią. Emigracja, ucieczka i wypędzenie w literaturze niemieckiej po 2000 roku

Author(s): Joanna Jabłkowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: generational novel;forced emigration;communicative memory;Reinhard Jirgl;Ulrike Draesner;Ursula Krechel

Generational novel has been popular in German literature for about twenty years. This popularity can be explained by the need sum up the communicative memory comprising the traumatic events of the twentieth century that is coming to a close. This paper shows the specificity of the most recent generational novels, taking as examples Reinhard Jirgl’s Die Unvollendeten, Ulrike Draesner’s Sieben Sprünge vom Rand der Welt and Ursula Krechel’s Landgericht. The works are representative of the group but exceptional too, since they raise problems which until recently were taboo in the public discourse. Their leitmotif is forced emigration. Their characters are the descendants of both victims of war and (German) victims of expulsion, i.e., two antagonistic memory groups. One of the aims of the paper is to show the divergences in the experiences of the two groups, even though those divergences become gradually obliterated in the texts written from the twenty first century perspective.

Challenging Habermas’ Practical Discourse to Justify the Rights of Animals

Challenging Habermas’ Practical Discourse to Justify the Rights of Animals

Author(s): Ewa Nowak,Kinga Ciereszko,Alicja Dłużewicz,Karolina Napiwodzka / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: animal rights;justifying the animal rights;challenging discourse ethics;practical discourse revised;animals and humans;J. Habermas

Preface

Préface

Author(s): Magdalena Koźluk,Anita Staroń / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: literature; literary studies; art of living

"The Journal for Mlle de Menou": An Example of the Art of Living in Seclusion

“Le journal pour Mlle de Menou” : exemple de l’art de vivre en réclusion

Author(s): Monika Kulesza / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Murat; Menou; Loches; diary; exile; absence; gallant society

This article presents a hybrid work by Mme de Murat, “Le Journal pour Mlle de Menou”, written between 1708 and 1709 in the château de Loches where the countess was exiled. Mme de Murat copes with the oppression of royal power by leading a life similar to that from which she was cut off. She finds consolation in the writing of the diary and affection for her cousin, she writes poems and organises literary and social life in exile demonstrating freedom of her spirit.

Post-Memory of "Légitime défence"

Post-Mémoire de "Légitime défence"

Author(s): Ewa Kalinowska / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: “Légitime Défense”; manifesto; Martinican identity; surrealism; communism

The review “Légitime Défense”, created by a group of Martinican students in Paris, is often presented as a manifesto more political than literary, without substantial consequences. However, it has induced responses and is remembered in Negro-African intellectual circles all around the world. The 90th anniversary of its publication approaching, it seems well-founded to read and analyze over the « Avertissement » in order to evaluate its substantive and aesthetic importance.

O mocy myślenia. Rozbiór psychopolityczny

O mocy myślenia. Rozbiór psychopolityczny

Author(s): Bartosz Kuźniarz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Žižka powrót do Hegla

Žižka powrót do Hegla

Author(s): Bartosz Wójcik / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Introduction: Multidisciplinary Poshumanism/s

Giriş: Çokdisiplinli Posthümanizm/ler

Author(s): Pelin Kümbet,Sümeyra Buran / Language(s): Turkish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: multidisciplinary posthumanism; multidisciplinary; posthumanism; development; change; transformation;

Posthümanizm Serisinin ikinci editöryal kitabı olan Çokdisiplinli Çalışmalarda Posthümanizm, bilimsel, teknolojik, çevresel, medikal ve aynı zamanda sosyokültürel gelişim, değişim ve dönüşümler ışığında, posthümanist teorilerin ve yaklaşımların çokdisiplinli çalışmalarda nasıl kavramsallaştığını ve evrimleştiğini incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda bu kitap, posthümanizm ile çeşitli farklı disiplinler arasındaki ilişki ve etkileşimi posthümanist kuramsal yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde derinlemesine analiz ederken, posthümanist yaşamların yansımalarını bu farklı çeşitlilikteki disiplinlerde tartışmakta ve bunların nasıl vuku bulduklarını mercek altına yatırmaktadır. Bu yenilikçi çalışmada posthümanizmin feminizm, ekoeleştiri, biyo-politika ve transhümanizm gibi çağdaş kuramlarla sinema, sahne sanatları, tiyatro, performans, dans, müzik, biyosanat, biyoetik, felsefe, tıp, mühendislik, uluslararası ilişkiler ve siyaset bilimi gibi birbirinden birçok yönden ayrılan farklı disiplinle ve yaklaşımla olan yakın ilişkisi, bu kuramlara katkıları ve bu kuramların posthümanizmden nasıl beslendiği incelenmektedir. İnsan ve insan olmayan yapılar arasındaki uçurumlar azaldıkça, teknolojik, biyolojik ve çevresel etkenler arasındaki sınırlar aşındıkça ve en önemlisi yerleşmiş ve genel geçer “normal” ve/veya “doğal” algısına meydan okuma farklı disiplinlerde de yaygınlaştıkça, bu disiplinlerdeki posthüman yaklaşımlar bir dizi etik, felsefi, sosyal, politik, kültürel ve sanatsal soru ve yaklaşımı da beraberinde getirmiş ve çözüm yolları aramıştır.

Posthumanist Turn in International Relations: New materialism, Ecological Crisis and Global Politics

Uluslararası İlişkilerde Posthümanist Dönüşüm: Yeni Materyalizm, Ekolojik Kriz ve Küresel Siyaset

Author(s): Yelda Erçandırlı / Language(s): Turkish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: international; international relations; posthumanist; posthumanist transformation; materialism; ecological crisis; global politics;

İstikrarsız bir küresel iklim, canlı çeşitliliğinin ve ormanların azaldığı, buzulların eridiği, kuraklıkların arttığı asit yağmurlarının başladığı, salgın hastalıkların geçmişe oranla çok daha sık yaşandığı bir yüz yılda yaşıyoruz. Benzeri görülmemiş bir ekolojik değişimin çağımızı şekillendirdiği bir süreçte, pandemi çağında, sosyal bir disiplin olarak Uluslararası İlişkilerin (Uİ) sosyo-ekolojik süreçleri disiplinin temel varsayımlarına, kuramsal ve kavramsal araştırmalarına entegre etmesi gerektiğine yönelik tartışmalar hali hazırda başlamıştır (Harrington 2016; Burke et al. 2016; Erçandırlı 2021). Buna rağmen Uİ’nin araştırma alanını büyük ölçüde toplumsal dünya ile sınırlayan bir disiplin olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Büyük güçler arasında savaşın nedenlerini ve barışın koşullarını sorunsallaştırmak amacıyla Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen sonunda ortaya çıkan Uİ disiplini, 1990’lı yıllarla birlikte devlet-merkezci bir anlayıştan insanı ve toplumsal ilişkileri esas alan eleştirel yaklaşımların da yer aldığı entelektüel bir çalışma alanına doğru evrilmiştir. Ancak eleştirel dönüşümde Uİ kuramı, ana akım yaklaşımlara benzer şekilde, sanki “uluslararası” doğal olandan ayrıymış gibi yalnızca insana ve toplum-toplum ilişkisine odaklanmıştır. Geçtiğimiz yıllarda ise sosyal bilimlerde hızla yükselmeye başlayan yeni materyalist dönüşümden etkilenen posthümanistler, Uİ’nin temel ve yapı ve dinamiklerine eleştirmeye ve disipline hâkim olan, insan-merkezci (anthropocentric) özne anlayışını sorgulamaya başlamışlardır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı bu yeni ontolojik meydan okumanın Uİ’nin temel dinamiklerini anlamada ve değişime yön vermede önemli açılımlar taşıdığını vurgulamaktır. Bu bakımdan bu çalışma posthümanist Uİ tartışmalarının posthüman multidisipliner çalışmalara farklı boyutlarda yaptığı katkıyı incelemektedir.

Posthumanism in literature and cinema

Yazında ve Sinemada Posthümanizm

Author(s): Simay Turan / Language(s): Turkish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: posthumanism in cinema; posthumanism; cinema;

Posthümanizmi Fransız yazını ve sanatı üzerinden okumadan önce, posthümanizmin epistemolojik olarak ne olmadığının kısa bir panoramasını sunmak yararlı olacaktır. Dolayısıyla René Descartes rasyonalizmi ve Ferdinand de Saussure yapısalcılığı, üzerinden geçilmesi gereken düşünce sistemleridir. Bunun nedeni ise Fransız yazınının ve sanatının, tarihi boyunca kavramları zıtlıklar üzerinden tanımlama yöntemini benimsemiş olan Batı düşüncesinden ayrı düşünülememesidir; nitekim sanat, içinde bulunduğu koşullara göre şekillenir. Sözünü ettiğimiz alışılagelmiş Batılı ve rasyonalist düşünceye göre kavramlara belli bağlamlarda anlam yükleyen ögeler, kavramların karşıtlarından başkası değildir.