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On the Implications of Foucault’s Security, Territory, Population Lectures for the Analysis and Theorisation of Security in International Relations

Значението на лекциите на Фуко „Сигурност, територия, население“ за теорията на международните отношения

Author(s): Julian Reid / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2009

Keywords: security; biopolitics; governance; liberalism; sovereignty; power; war

The publication of the first translation of Michel Foucault’s lecture series, Security, Territory, Population, given at the Collège de France in 1978 is of great significance for the study and theorisation of security in International Relations. Foucault’s influence on the development of debates surrounding the politics of security in International Relations and beyond over the last three decades would be difficult to understate. The translation and publication of these lectures, given the specificity of their focus on security is therefore an important moment in the development of Foucauldian approaches to the politics of security and international politics as a whole. They provide us with an opportunity to reflect on the utility of Foucault’s works as a resource for the political critique of contemporary regimes of security as well as for the pursuit of alternatives to prevailing political conditions.

Apparatus, deployment, arrangement... – Michel Foucault's notion of dispositif, its translations and their implications for Post-Foucauldian analysis

'Urządzenie', 'zastosowanie', 'układ'... – kategoria dispositif u Michela Foucaulta, jej tłumaczenia i ich implikacje dla Postfoucaultowskich analiz

Author(s): Magdalena Nowicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Dispositif; Dispositif’s analysis; Michel Foucault; Power-knowledge; Discoursive and non-discoursive practices; Translation of terms; Network; Giorgio Agamben

Michel Foucault introduced the notion of dispositif of sexuality in The Will to Knowledge (1976). Soon afterwards he took part in a discussion organized by a French magazine “Ornicar?” during which he was asked to explain synthetically his concept of dispositif. Over the next decades this short, and rather forced utterance was translated into German and English. These translations differ from each other not only with regard to their solutions how to substitute a French term dispositif with another word – accordingly German or English – but also because of a variety of details that are meaningful for the profiles of dispositif analysis and based on Foucault's thought postulated in research. This theoretical and methodological perspective has being developed since Foucault's death in 1984, especially since the 1990's. One can indicate numerous and significant differences between the German- and English-language dispositif analysis, as well as between both of them and the Foucault's original concept. There is a need to question if the researchers who identify dispositif with a social network or with a material infrastructure of discourse (inter alia communication technology and social practices mediated through this technology) still follow Foucault's concept of power-knowledge to which they refer so willingly? This problem seems to be notably important at present – when more and more researchers in Poland show their interest in dispositif’s concept. Therefore, a demand to translate its key terms into Polish emerges. In this article the dilemmas of Polish and other translations are presented on samples of several Foucault's utterance in "Ornicar?" translations and fragments of contemporary texts from the field of German- and English-language dispositif’s analysis

From a priori to Historical a priori and the Commentary. The Problem of Objectification in Kant through Foucault

От а priori към историческо a priori и коментарът. Проблемът за обективацията при Кант през Фуко

Author(s): Lea Vajsova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2013

Keywords: objectification; power; a priori; situation;

The article deals with the problem of objectification in Foucault seen as a problem of power; the author dwells on how Foucault reworks the con- cept of a priori central to Kant’s thought. Presuming that objectification is a question of situation how is it possible to experience objectification as something that transcends the situation that has produced it? The author’s thesis is that Foucault has tried to resolve the contradiction within Kant’s definition of a priori (as a condition that makes experience possible) by conceiving of the historical a priori and of commentary as a way of controlling the randomness and eventfulness of discourse.

On medieval mercantile morality and ethics of the accounting profession: the perspective of Michel Foucault's social theory

O średniowiecznej moralności kupieckiej i etyce zawodowej rachunkowości: perspektywa teorii społecznej Michela Foucaulta

Author(s): Mikołaj Turzyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 73/2013

Keywords: accounting ethics; mercantile ethics; monastic rules; M. Foucault’s theory of power

The purpose of this article is to identify and systematize analogies and similarities between the disciplinary order characteristic of monasteries and medieval concepts of accounting ethics being part of merchant morality. The thesis of the article is as follows: late medieval and renaissance mercantile morality concepts, including accounting ethics, had referred to the religious rules, to promote the acceptance of the merchant and accounting professions by the society. The research perspective used in this article was M. Foucault’s theory of pastoral power. The study included medieval texts: the work of Benedict Cotruglio Il libro dell'arte di mercatura and Matthew of Cracow De translatione rerum temporalium, mostly known under the general title De contractibus (2011). For the purpose of identification and explanation of the relationship between the disciplinary order characteristic of the monasteries and the concepts of accounting ethics, the Rule of the Master and the Rule of St. Benedict was chosen. The presented results justify the thesis of the article. Monastic rules and principles of merchant morality (including accounting ethics) have many characteristics in common. M. Foucault’s social theory, especially the concept of pastoral power, facilitates identification and systematization of these rules.

FOUCAULT`S DELIBERATION OF THE SUBJECT - AN INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF IDENTITY/SUBJECT IN ITS CULTURAL MEANING

Фуковото промислување на субјектот-една интерпретација на поимот идентитет/субјект во неговото културолошко значење

Author(s): Zlatko Popovski-Ignatiev / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 64/2014

Keywords: episteme, subject, knowledge/power, discourse conceptualization of the body, unlinear history, discourse of knowledge power.

In this paper I`ll try to elaborate the notion of the subject: subject as a key challenge in Foucault`s intelectual investigation concept. Foucault contends that discourse constructs: truth, knowledge and power, and, in contrast to structural approaches of conceiving of understanding human society (Levi-Strauss)-Foucault emphasizes discontinuity disjuncture, rupture and contingency. Consequently, Foucault contends "that meaning is constantly in play" - emphasizing that it is not fixed and synchronic.

Performative logic of Descarte's philosophical discourse in the context of the theoretical dispute between Foucault and Derrida

Перформативната логика на филсофския дискурс на Декарт в контекста на теоретичния спор между Фуко и Дерида

Author(s): Stoika Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 24/2007

Keywords: Performative logic; philosophical discourse; Descartes; disput; Foucault; Derrida; normalizing discursive ecstatic machine; madness; dilemma

The article aims to explore the problem how a discursive regime – the Descartes’s one – functions performatively and invents modern subjectivity. This initial question leads to Foucault’s – Derrida’s indirect dispute and its stake – the status of madness as a social construction and the methodological strategy, which Descartes realises on the base of this madness construction. The article meets these two contradictory interpretations of Cartesian First Meditation and considers and uses the Mediation as empirical data. This approach aims: to solve the Foucault’s – Derrida’s dilemma and to explore the way of modern subjectivity construction in the frame of one performative discursive practice. The article ascertains that this discursive regime, through which the modern subjectivity was born and invented, and following essential disruption with all deviations functions as normalizing discursive ecstatic “machine”. Descartes’s discourse reveals the modern subject identity as mediated in the space of the interaction with itself and in this way defi nes a privileged viewpoint. From this point of view the social form of identity “I think therefore I am” starts to emanate symbolic effi ciency as a determinate form of ideology. The article follows some of these types of identity that gradually start to crystallize after a deeper analysis of performativity of the Cartesian discourse. In that way the article proposes a possible way of its reading and a solution of Foucault’s – Derrida’s dilemma, raised from Descartes’s methodological exclusion of the madness but, on the other hand, this dilemma represents two very strong critical references about modernity and essential problematisation of otherness.

Foucault's philosophy of power and research on the accounting history: an example of the lease contracts in the XVII–XIX century

Filozofia władzy Michela Foucaulta a badania nad historią rachunkowości: przykład umów o używanie aktywów w XVII–XIX wieku

Author(s): Mikołaj Turzyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 71/2013

Keywords: accounting history; Michel Foucault; lease contract

The article is dedicated to presentation of the impact of M. Foucault's theory of power on accounting history research. The article uses Foucault's approach to examine the development of accounting practices in the field of lease contracts in the context of formation of the forms of power. The study covers Polish lands during the period from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. As a result of the investigation it was found that in described circumstances it is reasonable to take into account Foucault's approach, in-cluding the use of tabular forms as disciplinary solutions and the use of complex supervision formulas.

Foucault versus Habermas: Modernity as an Unfinished Endeavor vs. the Theory of Power – An Inevitable Conflict or Possibility of Communication

Fuko versus Habermas: Moderna kao nedovršeni projekat naspram teorije moći – neizbežna suprotstavljenost ili mogućnost komunikacije

Author(s): Marjan Ivković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 30/2006

Keywords: modernity; discourse; intersubjecitvity; Habermas; power; practices; Foucault; history; genealogy; complexity; enlightenment;

The paper considers the possibility of detecting points of contact between Michel Foucault’s theory of power and the theory of communicative agency formed by Jurgen Habermas. In the beginning, the development of the philosophical discourse of modernity, which Habermas analyzes in his work bearing the same title, is laid out, with the aim to gain insight into the nature of Habermas’s critique of Foucault. After having reviewed some of the basis of Foucault’s theory, the author points out Habermas’s depiction of the theory of power as the pinnacle of Nietzschean, anti – modernist stream of the philosophical discourse. The critique is based on Habermas’s assumption that Foucault’s analyses of power fails to comprehend the complexity of modernity. Foucault, according to Habermas, over – emphasizes one dimension of the process of modernization – gradual strengthening of the disciplinatory power based on the "control of the spirit".The author, however, wishes to point out the importance the theory of power ascribes to the preservation of insight into the complexity of history. Through the insight into multiple and divergent nature of historical processes that are responsible for the formation of modern society, the individual becomes historically self – conscious and able to step out of the paradigm of self – relating subject. As the theory of communicative agency also tends to transcend the "limits of the subject – philosophy", the author concludes that Foucault’s work is, to the same extent as Habermas’s, imbued with the idea of "modernity as an unrealized undertaking". Towards the end of the paper the author analyzes Foucault’s relation to Enlightenment, in order to show the essentially modern nature of his thought.

The Obsession for the Written Word in Eco and Pennac

L’ossessione per la parola scritta in Eco e Pennac: Il Pendolo di Foucault vs. La prosivendola

Author(s): Delia-Ioana Morar / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: comparison; passion; book; word; writing; contemporary culture.

The present work is a parallelism between Umberto Eco and Daniel Pennac and more precisely two of their novels. Te comparison leads us to the following conclusions: Pennac’s faith that if life is not always a novel, the novel must necessarily contain life, and Eco’s faith that life surpasses the novel most of the times. A parallelism between the two novels seems relevant from the perspective of the tribute paid to the word by the two contemporary writers. Although their styles differ, they both invoke the same purpose of their existence, namely their love for the word and the book. Both writers demonstrate that they are fully grounded in reality and perceive the spirit of the times we live in, but they do not give up their passion for the book and their desire to learn and discover the world, which they try to transfer to their readers too.

Rethinking Foucault’s Intellectual Heritage through the Possibility of a Historical Sociology of Discursive Practices

Да преосмислим фукоянското интелектуално наследство през възможностите на една историческа социология на дискурсивните практики

Author(s): Stoika Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 44/1/2015

Keywords: discourse; subject; practice of the self; historical sociology of discursive practices

This study attempts to read ‘displacingly’ Foucault for whom such concepts as freedom, activity and subjectness are important with regard to the constant focus on the critique of modernity and the ‘critical ontology of ourselves’. Hence, the stakes of this study and the challenges it faces are the following: 1) to critically rethink Foucauldian intellectual heritage emphasizing the ontological and epistemological thematizations of the conceptions of discourse, subject, practices of the self and of the possibility of changing ‘ourselves’; 2) by taking advantage of the methodological heuristic value of the Foucauldian problematizations, to try to present a reversed perspective towards the subject constitution and its activity (being-active), and therefore 3) to present a research stance working on the borders of the specific methodologies of Foucault and simultaneously retaining them, as a chance to develop a sociology of discursive practices which is non-classical in its conception and historical in its methodology.

Moving away from the regime of the developmental imperative. Between the inspiration of Rousseau and the influence of the thinking of Foucault on contemporary childhood studies

Wyjść poza reżim imperatywu rozwojowego. Między inspiracjami Rousseau a wpływem myśli Foucaulta na współczesne studia nad dzieciństwem

Author(s): Dorota Klus- Stańska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3 (30)/2015

Keywords: child; childhood; childhood studies; development; Rousseau; Foucault

The text is an attempt at a comparative analysis of the concept by Rousseau in which he proposed moving away from the directive control of the development of the child, with those concepts that can be found in poststructural childhood psychology and pedagogy, whose authors are inspired by the work of Michel Foucault. The author reconstructs the incidents of the child’s crying (Book 2) and child’s agency (Book 3) described in “Emile”, to show that Rousseau’s proposition is, in reality, manipulative and oppressive in relation to the child, being as it is based upon the all-knowing mentor, who carries out his own hidden programme. The poststructural proposition frees childhood from the regime of standardization and normalisation, taking as its starting point a problematisation of so-called, scientific developmental psychology, questioning the very term development and the role of educational institutions. The fundamental difference between the concept of the right of the child to enjoy their life in freedom formulated by Rousseau and poststructuralist concepts, is identified by the author in terms of four areas: certainty “versus” the uncertainty of deciding(differences in status given to the thesis and the project, universalism “versus” localism (differences in scope of agreed upon understandings), binary “versus” diversity (differences in accepted ontological assumptions), instruction “versus” description (differences in moral attitude towards the child).

Michel Foucault: Considеrations on Marxism, Phenomenology and Power. Interview by Colin Gordon and Paul Patton

Обсъждания на марксизма, феноменологията и властта. Мишел Фуко, интервю на Колин Гордън и Пол Патън

Author(s): Michel Foucault,Colin Gordon,Paul Patton / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2016

“Between History and Eternity”: Michel Foucault’s Philosophical Choice in the 1950s

„Между историята и вечността“: философският избор на Мишел Фуко през 50-те години

Author(s): Elisabetta Basso / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2016

Keywords: Michel Foucault; Daseinsanalyse; psychopathology; philosophical anthropology

This article examines the manner in which Foucault is being related to the existential psychopathology during the 50s, according to the newly deposited Foucauldian archives at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in 2013. In particular, the text concentrates its attention on an unpublished and unedited manuscript: one of the courses of lectures at the University of Lille done by Foucault in 1952–1954, and especially the course on “Phenomenology and Binswanger” (1953–1954). While analysing this Foucault’s course of lectures where the emphasis lies on the philosophical reflexion on the anthropological problem of psychopathology, we are becoming finally able to throw some light upon Foucault’s project of analysing the historicity of the ‘forms of experience’ – a project that has been placed in the very heart of Foucauldian “archaeology” of madness in 1961.

Rediscovering Kant through Foucault in the Perspective of the Ontology of Actuality and the Reality of Philosophy

Преоткривайки Кант през Фуко с взор към онтологията на актуалността и реалността на философията

Author(s): Valentin Kanawrow / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2-3/2017

Keywords: Kant; Foucault, critique; thinking; Aufklärung; ontology of actuality; reality of philosophy

Foucault tenaciously insists that his philosophy be viewed as a continuation of Kant’s critical philosophizing. But he sharply distinguishes the critical philosophy as an analytics of truth from the subjective critical thinking of the individual philosopher. Thus, Foucault makes a double error: he eliminates the heuristic metaphysical element of the transcendental conceptuality and he turns his back to the productive synthetic character of Kant’s critique. Foucault subjectifies the critique to the extreme, as he totally excludes from it the transcendence and the formal power of thinking. According to him, philosophy does not search for the truth about things. Its reality is reduced to ascesis, and the only thing left to the philosopher is truthful public speech. Thus, Foucault has no right to regard himself as a continuer of Kant’s critique. In Kant, the ontology of actuality is transcendental, and the reality of philosophy is Enlightenment itself, above all as a product of ontologically constitutive formal critical thinking.

Physical, Juridical and Significant Person in the Heterotopy of Authority (The Overcoat by Gogol in The Light of the Theories of Michel Foucault)

Физическое, юридическое, значительное лицо в гетеротопии власти (Шинель Гоголя в свете теорий Мишеля Фуко)

Author(s): Carla Solivetti,Artem Marchenkov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2015

The article analyses the discursive and disciplinary practices at the basis of the mechanism of origin of the power in the Russian Empire of Nicholas I, by means of applications of theories elaborated by Michel Foucault on Nikolai Gogol’s The Overcoat. The codified and informal rules that predetermined the habitus of the members of bureaucratic organization (body image; manner of oral and written language; semiotics of clothes and gesture; different roles in the rituals of the hierarchical ladder) are here reconstructed. The central opposition in The Overcoat shows the contradiction between the formal legal status in the heterotopic space of the public service (rank, position) which is usually expressed through the induction of fear in others, and the real authoritativeness of a concrete person, qualified as a combination of his own direct authority and his public reputation as a significant person.

Between specific intellectual and parrhesia. The question of the teacher in the theoretical perspective of Michel Foucault

Między intelektualistą konkretnym a parezją. Pytanie o nauczyciela w perspektywie teoretycznej Michela Foucaulta

Author(s): Maksymilian Chutorański / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: specific intellectual; parrhesia; teacher; ethics

The text is an expanded version of the paper delivered at the 25th Summer School for Young Pedagogues (Kazimierz Wielki, 12-17.09.2011). The main purpose of this article is an attempt to use the categories of Michel Foucault to think about a teacher. Especially two of them are relevant to the presented considerations: parrhesia and specific intellectual. The article suggests that these categories allow you to rethink ethical obligations included in the professional role of teachers and their responsibility for the public sphere.

The position of Social Insurance Institution in the perspective of „sovereignty” conception of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler

A-podmiotowość władzy – mit i rzeczywistość, czyli Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych jako władza „suwerenna”

Author(s): Arkadiusz Barut / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: Social Insurance Institution; sovereignty; power; Michel Foucault; Judith Butler

The subject of the article is the analysis of a specific feature of contemporary political and administrative power. As analytic categories the author uses Foucaultian concepts of power discourses: sovereignty: the type of individualized power which strives for self-conservation (pre-modern type of power) and governmentality – the type of non-individualized power the aims of which are control and management of the population (modern type of power). Contemporary power – the bureaucratic power described by M. Weber etc. – seems to be the type of governmentality. But in this field emerges a new type of sovereign power legitimized by the discourse of governmentality – management and protection of the population. Its examples are analysed by G. Agemben i J. Butler indefinite detention in Guantanamo. In this articles, the author focuses on symptoms of the new type of sovereignty in day-to day government action – the practice of the polish organ of compulsory social insurance – Social Insurance Institution (Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych).

WORK AND WORDS: SOCIALIST HUMANISM OF KARL MARX IN LIGHT OF FOUCAULT'S THESIS ABOUT THE DEATH OF MEN

PRACA I SŁOWA: HUMANIZM SOCJALISTYCZNY KAROLA MARKSA W ŚWIETLE FOUCAULTOWSKIEJ TEZY O KRESIE CZŁOWIEKA

Author(s): Tomasz Jativa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 46/2019

Keywords: Marx; Foucault; humanism; posthumanism; work; the death of men;

The aim of this paper is to compare philosophical methodologies of Karl Marx and Michel Foucault. The comparison is centered on the problem of humanism: whereas socialist humanism can be seen as a core belief of Marx's historical materialism, Foucault on the other hand is often described as the one of the most fierce critics of humanism. Presented analysis consists of: reconstruction of Marx's notion of work and its ontological and epistemological consequences, reconstruction of Foucault's critique of Marx's outlooks presented in The Order of Things and analysis of Foucault's thesis about the death of men. The author points out that the philosophical methodologies of Marx and Foucault are in fact similar to a large degree, as both philosophers can be described as materialists, nominalists. Furthermore, both for Marx and Foucault the human subject is to be thought as historical and socially manufactured being.

Power over Life (Michel Foucault’s Views on Safety Regulation and Population Management)

Властта върху живота (Вижданията на Мишел Фуко за устройството на безопасността и управлението на населението)

Author(s): Tatiana Ichevska / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 27/2021

Keywords: safety; biopower; population; norm; normalization; epidemic; Endemic

The article examines the views of Michel Foucault on the structure of safety in society, as well as the advantages of safety mechanisms in dealing with epidemics and endemics. These advantages are derived by comparison with the ways in which sovereign and disciplinary authorities act in such crisis situations.

Elements of Michel Foucault’s Hermeneutics of the Subject in the Post-War Correspondence of Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz and Jerzy Lisowski

Elementy Hermeneutyki podmiotu Michela Foucaulta w powojennej korespondencji Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza z Jerzym Lisowskim

Author(s): Apolinary Rzońca / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: letters; Iwaszkiewicz; parrhesia; Foucault; correspondence; epistolography;

The article analyses the phenomena occurring in epistolary, namely the exchange of letters. The newly published correspondence of Jerzy Lisowski with Anna and Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, during a very specific period, when, just after the war, the imposed socialist-realist regime was taking shape, will serve as an example. However, the practices connected with disciplining public order in Poland are not the subject of the article, but people with completely different aesthetic desires. Politics in this correspondence gives way to the plan of, for example, fascination with Romance studies and the achievements of Western culture, which not only united the authors of the epistolary dialogue, but also significantly shaped it for the rest of their lives. This is particularly important if one looks at the professions of both participants in the correspondence. The author of the article takes as a paradigm elements of Michel Foucault’s claims from the collection of lectures entitled Hermeneutics of the Subject from the College de France from the turn of 1981/1982. The correspondence is analysed in terms of claims related to the practices of the self, the exchange of letters between friends in the age of antiquity, and parrhesia. References to fragments of an elementary work on epistolography, namely Theory of a Letter [Teoria listu] by Stefania Skwarczyńska, are also an important element. One of the inspirations for writing the article was also New Theory of a Letter [Nowa teoria listu] by Anita Całek, who also proposes to look at the correspondence through the prism of the theorems of Foucault and Skwarczyńska. The aim of the article was to present not only the essential features of a letter in the context of the formation of interpersonal relations, but also the maturation of personality and to understand to what extent letters may become a testimony of rich autobiographical narratives.