Contemporary Turkish-Russian Relations in the 21st Century Global Geopolitics
Contemporary Turkish-Russian Relations in the 21st Century Global Geopolitics
Contributor(s): Hasret Çomak (Editor), Ozan Örmeci (Editor), Mesut Özel (Editor), Doğan Şafak Polat (Editor), Burak Şakir Şeker (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, General Reference Works, Geography, Regional studies
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: Russia; Turkey; international relations; Nato;
Summary/Abstract: This volume offers a comprehensive analysis of Turkish–Russian relations from historical roots to contemporary challenges. Covering five centuries of interaction, it explores diplomacy, security, energy, and cultural dimensions within shifting global power structures. Contributors examine critical turning points—from Ottoman–Russian rivalry to Cold War tensions and post-Soviet rapprochement—while addressing regional crises, energy politics, defense cooperation, and soft power strategies. With insights from leading scholars, this book provides nuanced perspectives on how Ankara and Moscow navigate competition and cooperation in an era of multipolarity. Essential reading for academics, policymakers, and anyone interested in Eurasian geopolitics.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-1-80135-335-9
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-1-80135-334-2
- Page Count: 387
- Publication Year: 2025
- Language: English
OTTOMAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS
OTTOMAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS
(OTTOMAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS)
- Author(s):Serdar Bay
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, International relations/trade, The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:5-66
- No. of Pages:62
- Keywords:Russia; Turkey; Ottoman; international relations;
- Summary/Abstract:There were two types of empires in the world from 1850-1918. The first is the empire familiar to modern students of imperialism. The Western European maritime empires have their origins in the sixteenth century and, by 1900, had become the world’s leading industrial and financial powers. Britain was the model empire of this type, while the French and Dutch were smaller variations on the same theme. By 1914, Germany and the United States, while differing in important respects from the classical Western European maritime empires, still fell into this category of polity.
- Price: 2.00 €
TURKISH-SOVIET RELATIONS DURING THE TURKISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE AND MUSTAFA KEMAL PASHA
TURKISH-SOVIET RELATIONS DURING THE TURKISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE AND MUSTAFA KEMAL PASHA
(TURKISH-SOVIET RELATIONS DURING THE TURKISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE AND MUSTAFA KEMAL PASHA)
- Author(s):Baris Doster
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:67-83
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Soviets; Turkey; Turkish war of independence; Mustafa Kemal Ataturk;
- Summary/Abstract:The Turkish War of Independence, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Pasha on 19 May 1919, began under challenging conditions for the Turks. The Ottoman Empire had been defeated in the First World War and had signed the harsh Armistice of Mudros. Significant portions of its territory, including the capital, Istanbul, were occupied, and its armies were dismantled. Under these challenging circumstances, Mustafa Kemal Pasha’s primary objective was to expel occupying forces from the homeland. To achieve this, he prioritized uniting nationalist and anti-occupation forces domestically while simultaneously seeking crucial external support from abroad.
- Price: 2.00 €
TURKISH-SOVIET RELATIONS DURING WORLD WAR II
TURKISH-SOVIET RELATIONS DURING WORLD WAR II
(TURKISH-SOVIET RELATIONS DURING WORLD WAR II)
- Author(s):Halit Hamzaoğlu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):WW II and following years (1940 - 1949)
- Page Range:84-95
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Russia; Turkey; World War 2;
- Summary/Abstract:Turkish-Russian relations have had ups and downs throughout history. Both Türkiye and Russia, with their long-standing state traditions, have cooperated and competed across vast geographies for centuries. In this context, the factors directing the relations between the two countries have developed within a versatile framework.
- Price: 2.00 €
TÜRKİYE, USSR, AND THE COLD WAR: ANKARA’S ‘SWINGING’ PRAGMATISM
TÜRKİYE, USSR, AND THE COLD WAR: ANKARA’S ‘SWINGING’ PRAGMATISM
(TÜRKİYE, USSR, AND THE COLD WAR: ANKARA’S ‘SWINGING’ PRAGMATISM)
- Author(s):Gürol Baba
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cold-War History
- Page Range:97-110
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Turkey; USSR; Cold war;
- Summary/Abstract:Framing the bilateral relations between Türkiye and the USSR during the Cold War through a single or even multiple International Relations theoretical lenses proves challenging, not only due to the length of the period but also because of the significant fluctuations these relations underwent. Consequently, this chapter adopts a chronological and thematic, issue-based approach, to analyze their evolution. After World War II, Türkiye’s shift from its traditional policy of neutrality toward alignment with the Western bloc marked a decisive turning point in Turkish-Soviet relations. Between 1945 and 1950, the USSR’s aggressive diplomatic steps, such as its territorial claims against Türkiye and its desire for joint control of the Straits, augmented Ankara’s strategic cooperation with the West. American-backed policies such as the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan accelerated Türkiye’s integration into NATO during this process. Türkiye’s accession to NATO in 1952 was subject to harsh criticism from the USSR, but this situation strengthened Türkiye’s position in the Western security system.
- Price: 2.00 €
TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD
TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD
(TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD)
- Author(s):Ozan Örmeci, Olgun UKŞAL, Murat Yorulmaz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, History, Social Sciences, Cold-War History
- Page Range:111-134
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Post Cold-war; Turkey; Russia; relations;
- Summary/Abstract:Framing the bilateral relations between Türkiye and the USSR during the Cold War through a single or even multiple International Relations theoretical lenses proves challenging, not only due to the length of the period but also because of the significant fluctuations these relations underwent. Consequently, this chapter adopts a chronological and thematic, issue-based approach, to analyze their evolution. After World War II, Türkiye’s shift from its traditional policy of neutrality toward alignment with the Western bloc marked a decisive turning point in Turkish-Soviet relations. Between 1945 and 1950, the USSR’s aggressive diplomatic steps, such as its territorial claims against Türkiye and its desire for joint control of the Straits, augmented Ankara’s strategic cooperation with the West. American-backed policies such as the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan accelerated Türkiye’s integration into NATO during this process. Türkiye’s accession to NATO in 1952 was subject to harsh criticism from the USSR, but this situation strengthened Türkiye’s position in the Western security system.For several reasons, Turkish-Russian relations in the post-Cold War period could be interesting for many readers. First, transforming Turkish-Russian relations from a security-centered Cold War-type competition-based relationship into a more pragmatic and economic-oriented neighborly affair could be seen as a case study for other bilateral ties established or restored after a hostile period. In that sense, post-Cold War Turkish-Russian relations can resemble opening a blank page and ending a long-term estrangement between two neighbors in a tough neighborhood.
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RUSSIA’S CONTESTED NAVAL POWER IN THE BLACK SEA AND EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: A SECURITY STUDY WITH TÜRKİYE’S PIVOTAL ROLE
RUSSIA’S CONTESTED NAVAL POWER IN THE BLACK SEA AND EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: A SECURITY STUDY WITH TÜRKİYE’S PIVOTAL ROLE
(RUSSIA’S CONTESTED NAVAL POWER IN THE BLACK SEA AND EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: A SECURITY STUDY WITH TÜRKİYE’S PIVOTAL ROLE)
- Author(s):Mesut Özel
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Military history, Military policy
- Page Range:137-151
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:naval power; Russia; black sea; Turkiye; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:For centuries, the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean have served as critical theatres of great power competition, where control over maritime corridors translates directly into geopolitical influence.2 Russia’s historical pursuit of “warm-water ports” - from Catherine the Great’s annexation of Crimea to Putin’s 2014 seizure of the peninsula - continues to drive its naval strategy, yet faces unprecedented constraints in the contemporary security environment.3 The convergence of NATO’s eastern expansion, Ukraine’s asymmetric warfare capabilities, and Türkiye’s enforcement of the Montreux Convention have created a complex security dilemma that challenges traditional notions of sea power.
- Price: 2.00 €
TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS AFTER THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR
TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS AFTER THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR
(TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS AFTER THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR)
- Author(s):İdil TUNÇER-KILAVUZ
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, International relations/trade, Russian Aggression against Ukraine, Russian war against Ukraine
- Page Range:153-166
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Turkey; Russia; Ukraine war;
- Summary/Abstract:Despite a 500-year history, including periods of conflict as well as cooperation, the present relationship between Russia and Türkiye cannot be understood independently of recent global developments. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine marks a significant turning point in global politics, with major repercussions for the international system. By violating the territorial integrity of a sovereign state, Russia has weakened one of the fundamental principles of the liberal international order established after the Cold War and deepened the geopolitical divide between the West and the non-Western world.
- Price: 2.00 €
TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY DILEMMA BETWEEN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE
TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY DILEMMA BETWEEN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE
(TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY DILEMMA BETWEEN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE)
- Author(s):Deniz Berktay
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, International relations/trade, Russian war against Ukraine
- Page Range:167-173
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Russia; Ukraine; Turkey; Foreign policy;
- Summary/Abstract:Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, with some exceptional periods, Türkiye has managed to pursue good relations with Russia and Ukraine. Although it might seem strange to establish and continue good relations with both countries, it is quite possible. For instance, until the recent war, the People’s Republic of China had also established excellent relations with Russia and Ukraine. On the one hand, China has been a close partner of Russia. On the other hand, China established good economic and political relations with Ukraine; before the war, China was Ukraine’s most significant trade partner. Nevertheless, Türkiye’s policies toward Russia and Ukraine differ from China’s foreign policy priorities, and Türkiye’s capability in foreign policy is limited by its economic and political capacity.
- Price: 2.00 €
MAIN CHALLENGES AGAINST PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA: COVID-19, ENERGY SECURITY, AND GEOPOLITICS
MAIN CHALLENGES AGAINST PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA: COVID-19, ENERGY SECURITY, AND GEOPOLITICS
(MAIN CHALLENGES AGAINST PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA: COVID-19, ENERGY SECURITY, AND GEOPOLITICS)
- Author(s):Burak Şakir Şeker, Hasret Çomak
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:175-197
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:shipping; logistics; Russia; Black sea; Turkey; geopolitics;
- Summary/Abstract:Shipping, which refers to cargo transportation via ships, is the primary method for international goods delivery. According to statistics from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and World Economic Forum3 (2024), over 90 % of global trade is conducted by sea due to shipping’s cost-effectiveness and safety. Notably, crude oil and its products are among the most critical commodities traded worldwide. Oil moves from extraction sites to refineries and onto the ports of consuming countries.
- Price: 2.00 €
TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA
TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA
(TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA)
- Author(s):Elnur Ismayilov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, International relations/trade, Geopolitics
- Page Range:199-211
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Caucasia; Central Asia; Turkey; Russia; geopolitics;
- Summary/Abstract:Recent trends in world politics have a direct impact on systemic changes. The unipolar world order is becoming multipolar with the weakening of American hegemony. Process of this transformation also affects the relations between states that have different statuses in the system. An example here is the Russian-Turkish relations: the transformation under consideration strengthens Russia’s role as a great power in the international system, while giving Türkiye the opportunity to pursue a more independent regional policy from its Western allies.
- Price: 2.00 €
RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY PERSPECTIVES ON THE SOUTH CAUCASUS
RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY PERSPECTIVES ON THE SOUTH CAUCASUS
(RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY PERSPECTIVES ON THE SOUTH CAUCASUS)
- Author(s):Natavan Huseynova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, International relations/trade
- Page Range:213-226
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:south Caucasus; Russia; foreign policy; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter examines Russia’s foreign policy perspectives on the South Caucasus, assessing how Moscow views the region in terms of security, economic interests, and geopolitical strategy. By analysing Russia’s bilateral relations with each South Caucasian state, its mediation role in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, and its response to competing external influences, this study provides a comprehensive overview of Russia’s evolving regional strategy. Additionally, the chapter explores how Russia’s war in Ukraine has altered its foreign policy calculations in the South Caucasus, potentially reshaping its long-term role in the region.
- Price: 2.00 €
STRATEGIC CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE: UNDERSTANDING TURKEY-RUSSIA RELATIONS IN MIDDLE EASTERN GEOPOLITICS
STRATEGIC CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE: UNDERSTANDING TURKEY-RUSSIA RELATIONS IN MIDDLE EASTERN GEOPOLITICS
(STRATEGIC CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE: UNDERSTANDING TURKEY-RUSSIA RELATIONS IN MIDDLE EASTERN GEOPOLITICS)
- Author(s):Oğuzhan GÖKSEL
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, International relations/trade, Geopolitics
- Page Range:227-240
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Middle East; Russia; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:The future of Turkey-Russia relations in the Middle East, viewed through the lens of Neo-Realism, Constructivism, and Liberalism, suggests a complex but evolving landscape. Neo-Realism underscores the fragility of their cooperation, shaped by regional power dynamics and competition for influence. Constructivism suggests that the evolving identities of Turkey and Russia in relation to each other will continue to shape their engagement in the Middle East, potentially leading to a deeper strategic partnership or renewed rivalry. Finally, Liberalism offers a more optimistic perspective, suggesting that increasing economic interdependence and institutional cooperation may help mitigate tensions and provide a foundation for future collaboration. As global power dynamics continue to shift, with the decline of Western dominance and the rise of China and regional actors, the cooperation between Turkey and Russia will likely evolve in response to these geopolitical transformations. While their relationship may not be free from friction, both countries have a significant stake in ensuring regional stability, and their strategic cooperation will remain a defining feature of Middle Eastern geopolitics in the years to come.
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TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE SYRIAN REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF SECURITY SINCE 2016
TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE SYRIAN REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF SECURITY SINCE 2016
(TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE SYRIAN REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF SECURITY SINCE 2016)
- Author(s):Çağlar Özer
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Security and defense, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:241-255
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Syria; Turkey; Russia; security;
- Summary/Abstract:Relations between Türkiye and Russia have historically been shaped by a balance of competition and cooperation. The interaction between the two countries can be examined from a broad perspective, ranging from the wars between the Ottoman Empire and Tsarist Russia to the ideological rivalry of the Cold War. At times, both nations have formed alliances in line with their geopolitical interests, while at other times, they have engaged in intense competition.2 With the end of the Cold War in the 1990s, bilateral relations took on a new dimension, particularly in the areas of economic and energy cooperation. Türkiye’s increasing energy demand and Russia’s role as a dominant regional supplier strengthened economic ties between the two countries. However, diplomatic relations have experienced periodic fluctuations, largely shaped by the regional security policies of both nations. While Türkiye’s NATO membership and its strategic partnership with the West have occasionally created tensions with Russia, economic and energy cooperation has remained a stabilizing factor in bilateral relations.
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TURKISH-RUSSIAN ENERGY RELATIONSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY
TURKISH-RUSSIAN ENERGY RELATIONSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY
(TURKISH-RUSSIAN ENERGY RELATIONSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY)
- Author(s):Sina Kısacık, Mesut Hakkı CAŞIN
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Energy and Environmental Studies, International relations/trade, Geopolitics
- Page Range:259-277
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:energy; Russia; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:Turks and Russians have clashed for about two centuries throughout the Ottoman Empire and Tsarist Russia. Nevertheless, succeeding in the October 1917 Red Revolution, they began to advance compelling relationships between the ages of the Türkiye and the Soviet Union (SU). Notwithstanding locating at unlike ideological sites all over the Cold War, they have been up to advance energy-grounded relationships thus far fruitfully. Ensuing the descent of SU, even if they have been antagonizing on numerous local security questions comparable to Georgia, Ukraine and Syria, Türkiye and Russia have been able to constitute fresh energy partnerships extending from natural gas (NG) to nuclear in which this collaboration stands profoundly disapproved by the Euro-Atlantic Bloc founding on reducing Russian impact on the world energy market. In the near and middle terms, this energy-grounded relationship is anticipated to be more extended by original initiatives because of the jointly ongoing inclination concerning this subject amid Ankara and Moscow and the driving of conjunctural progress within the Eurasian geopolitics.
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THE FUTURE OF TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN TERMS OF ENERGY SECURITY
THE FUTURE OF TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN TERMS OF ENERGY SECURITY
(THE FUTURE OF TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN TERMS OF ENERGY SECURITY)
- Author(s):Doğan Şafak Polat
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy, Security and defense
- Page Range:279-298
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:energy; security; Russia; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:Energy is a fundamental element in nations’ economic development and national security, impacting various sectors, from industrial production to geopolitical strategies.2 For Türkiye, energy security is especially critical due to the country’s expanding population and industrial base, which necessitate a steady and diversified energy supply.3 Over the past several decades, Russia has become a key energy supplier for Türkiye, providing essential resources such as natural gas, oil, and coal.4 The significance of this relationship has only deepened as Türkiye’s energy demand has grown, positioning Russia as a primary partner in meeting the country’s energy needs. This increasing dependency on Russian energy resources is primarily a result of Russia’s abundant energy supplies, which are geographically proximate to Türkiye and more accessible compared to other alternative suppliers.5 In addition, the bilateral cooperation has expanded into the nuclear energy sector, with both countries signing a landmark agreement to construct Türkiye’s first nuclear power plant, the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant, with Russian leadership.6 This partnership further strengthens the energy ties between the two countries, cementing Russia’s crucial role in Türkiye’s energy strategy.
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TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE DEFENCE INDUSTRY
TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE DEFENCE INDUSTRY
(TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE DEFENCE INDUSTRY)
- Author(s):Cenk Özgen
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Security and defense, Military policy, Geopolitics
- Page Range:299-314
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:defence industry; Russia; Turkey
- Summary/Abstract:Following the end of the Cold War, there has been a remarkable revival in relations between Türkiye and Russia, the successor state of the Soviet Union. Ankara and Moscow have correctly assessed the potential for cooperation, especially in trade, energy, and tourism, and have quickly put the necessary institutional mechanisms into action, developing a model of relations that both parties can benefit from. Türkiye’s being part of the NATO alliance and the parties having conflicts of interest in the Middle East, South Caucasus and the Black Sea have occasionally caused tensions in bilateral relations. However, since the early 2000s, the parties have managed to separate areas of cooperation and conflict.1 Although there are sensitive points open to intervention and provocation by third parties, there is no doubt that today, Turkish-Russian relations are on solid ground, as was tested in the shotdowning of the Sukhoi Su-24 tactical bomber aircraft in November 2015 and the subsequent assassination of Andrey Karlov in December 2016.
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THE MILITARY-SECURITY DIMENSION OF TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD
THE MILITARY-SECURITY DIMENSION OF TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD
(THE MILITARY-SECURITY DIMENSION OF TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD)
- Author(s):Ahmet Sapmaz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Security and defense, Military policy, Cold-War History, Geopolitics
- Page Range:315-334
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:military security; Turkey; Russia; cold war;
- Summary/Abstract:The military security dimension of Turkish-Russian relations has been a problematic aspect of bilateral ties, characterized by historical tensions and periods of cooperation. Türkiye and Russia have sometimes cooperated in the face of common threats from the Western world. However, the military threat posed by Russia has played an important role in maintaining Westernization as a key aspect of Turkish foreign policy. After the Second World War, the Soviet Union compelled Türkiye to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a collective defence pact among Western countries. Following the end of the Cold War, Türkiye gained a military advantage, particularly in the Black Sea region. However, Russia’s foreign policy actions since 2008, which prioritize the use of military force, have had consequences affecting Türkiye’s military security. Especially after 2016, contrary to the historical perspective, Türkiye and Russia have been able to manage military security relations in close coordination with the opposite national interests in different regions.
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THE ROLE OF SOFT POWER IN TÜRKİYE-RUSSIA RELATIONS
THE ROLE OF SOFT POWER IN TÜRKİYE-RUSSIA RELATIONS
(THE ROLE OF SOFT POWER IN TÜRKİYE-RUSSIA RELATIONS)
- Author(s):Damla Kocatepe
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, International relations/trade, Geopolitics
- Page Range:335-349
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:soft power; Turkey; Russia;
- Summary/Abstract:In the International Relations literature, power extends beyond hard power, which is typically measured by military and economic capacity. It is complemented by soft power, encompassing a state’s ideological, cultural, and diplomatic tools. The “soft power” concept, developed by Joseph Nye, refers to a “state’s ability to influence other states through cultural appeal, political values, and foreign policy” rather than military or economic coercion. In this context, both Türkiye and Russia have increasingly employed soft power policies in recent years to enhance their influence on the international stage.
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TÜRKIYE AND RUSSIA IN GLOBAL POWER POLITICS: A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
TÜRKIYE AND RUSSIA IN GLOBAL POWER POLITICS: A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
(TÜRKIYE AND RUSSIA IN GLOBAL POWER POLITICS: A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS)
- Author(s):Yasar Onay
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geopolitics
- Page Range:351-365
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:power politics; Russia; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:The relationship between Türkiye and Russia represents one of the most intricate and strategically significant dynamics in contemporary geopolitics. Their interactions span centuries, oscillating between rivalry and pragmatic cooperation. In the 21st century, these nations have emerged as key regional powers, influencing critical regions such as the Middle East, the Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
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THE REALM OF NEW SECURITY THREATS: CYBERSECURITY AS AN UNDEFINED TERRITORY IN TÜRKİYE-RUSSIAN BILATERAL RELATIONS
THE REALM OF NEW SECURITY THREATS: CYBERSECURITY AS AN UNDEFINED TERRITORY IN TÜRKİYE-RUSSIAN BILATERAL RELATIONS
(THE REALM OF NEW SECURITY THREATS: CYBERSECURITY AS AN UNDEFINED TERRITORY IN TÜRKİYE-RUSSIAN BILATERAL RELATIONS)
- Author(s):Cansu Arısoy Gedik, Emine EMİNEL SÜLÜN
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Security and defense, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:367-378
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:new security threats; Russia; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:Throughout the Cold War, Türkiye stood as a reliable defender of Europe’s southern flank, firmly aligned with NATO against the Soviet Union. However, in the past decade, this alignment has softened. Türkiye’s growing ties with Russia and strained relations with the United States and certain European nations have blurred its role within the Western security structure. Since the early 1990s, Türkiye and Russia have significantly strengthened their economic and political ties.3 As a case in point, the annual number of Russian tourists visiting Türkiye grew consistently from 1.3 million in 1996 to 7 million in 2019, making them the largest group among all nationalities.
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CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
(CONCLUSION)
- Author(s):Hasret Çomak, Ozan Örmeci, Mesut Özel, Doğan Şafak Polat, Burak Şakir Şeker
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, International relations/trade, Geopolitics
- Page Range:379-380
- No. of Pages:2
- Keywords:geopolitics; Tussia; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:We are proud to have completed our book, Contemporary Turkish-Russian Relations in the 21st Century Geopolitics, which we have been working on for about a year by May 2025. As explained in the “Introduction” section of our book, we hope that we have accomplished an important work that includes all dimensions of Turkish-Russian relations, brings to the agenda for the first time some new issues that have never been investigated before, and includes some observations and suggestions for the continuation and improvement of relations. We hope that our work will reach critical decision-makers and that in the relations that have reached the breaking point in the 2015-16 period, the theme of cooperation will be more prominent than the theme of conflict in the coming years.
- Price: 1.00 €
