MAIN CHALLENGES AGAINST PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA: COVID-19, ENERGY SECURITY, AND GEOPOLITICS
MAIN CHALLENGES AGAINST PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA: COVID-19, ENERGY SECURITY, AND GEOPOLITICS
Author(s): Burak Şakir Şeker, Hasret Çomak
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies, Transport / Logistics
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: shipping; logistics; Russia; Black sea; Turkey; geopolitics;
Summary/Abstract: Shipping, which refers to cargo transportation via ships, is the primary method for international goods delivery. According to statistics from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and World Economic Forum3 (2024), over 90 % of global trade is conducted by sea due to shipping’s cost-effectiveness and safety. Notably, crude oil and its products are among the most critical commodities traded worldwide. Oil moves from extraction sites to refineries and onto the ports of consuming countries.
Book: Contemporary Turkish-Russian Relations in the 21st Century Global Geopolitics
- Page Range: 175-197
- Page Count: 23
- Publication Year: 2025
- Language: English
- Content File-PDF
