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The international community should rather energetically and urgently work on a new social contract to tackle new technologies and their disruptive potentials. It is particularly related to artificial intelligence (AI) that must be deployed safely and in conformity with a globally shared ethical standard.
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:The aim of study was to check images of politicians and political messages used in deepfakes in 2023 and what were the possible consequences.THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS:The goal of the work was to try to answer the main question: “How were deepfakes about politicians in 2023 used on the Internet?”. For this purpose, research questions were asked: how the definition of deepfake is understood, what topics and politicians the analyzed deepfakes concerned, what emotional tone had and what their poten‑tial consequences were. According to hypothesis, these messages were used in a negative context to cause image or social damage. The study used the content analysis method and the Fact Check Explorer tool to extract deepfakes from fact‑checking materials.THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION:The argumentative process started an introduction to artificial intelligence. Then, the deepfake technology and the possibility of using it in the disinformation process were characterized. The next step was to extract political deepfakes from the database and analyze their format, subject matter and emotional content. Finally, a summary and conclusions were presented.RESEARCH RESULTS:The article presents characteristics of deepfakes and review of 51 political deepfakes. The use of politicians’ images in the form of deepfakes most often occurred in the following thematic category: disinformation activities during election campaigns, state and international politics, and warfare. Most deepfakes had a negative emotional tone, while those with a positive and ambivalent tone were less common.CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS:The study found that politicians’ images were used mainly in context of ma‑nipulation in areas politics and economy and less frequently to manipulate pop culture and moral issues, health and medicine and online fraud. There is a need to introduce tools to identify deepfakes and programs to increase competences of users in this area.
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:To determine the incidence and characteristics of violence against politicians on the social media platform Twitter (now X), considering gender differences.THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS:Research on political vio‑lence is mainly concerned with physical assaults and focuses on armed conflict or regime change. Widespread access to the Internet has ushered in a new dimension of violence, manifested in hateful and aggressive actions often directed at public figures. Text mining and artificial intelligence methods were used in this study.THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: In the first part of the article, the problem of violence against politicians is discussed, followed by a presenta‑tion of the data collection and processing methods, together with the rationale for the choice of the analysis model. The remainder of this article analyzes the collected material and cnclusions.RESEARCH RESULTS:The study did not confirm the presence of violent content in the posts of tagged politicians but revealed that almost a quarter of the tweets contained pejorative content disparaging and devaluing politicians. Although the frequency of negative comments was similar for female (24%) and male (23%) politicians, there were differences in their nature. Negative comments focused on the intellectual capacity of politicians regardless of gender. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS:This study confirms gender differences in the pejorative comments associated with traditionally assigned gender roles. Insults directed at women referred to their private lives, sexualization, and objectification, while negative comments directed at men referred to politicians’ intentions and agency. The research con‑firms the brutalization of language in the public sphere, with the utterances in question balancing between acceptable criticism and defamation or insult. The re‑sults of the study can be used to assess the emotions and opinions of the public on social media regarding specific individuals in the ruling parties.
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to present the basis of Church‑State relations, where communication and compromise are important components. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main research prob‑lem is to determine the foundations of appropriate relations between the state and the Church for the common good. It is about defining how the Church un‑derstands the basis of these relations, what is the duty of the state and what is the duty of the Church, and what should the state be like – secular or secular? In the implementation of the subject matter, methods adequate to the interdisciplinary nature of the study will be used: hermeneutic text analysis and comparative analysis with elements of analysis and synthesis. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The following issues were discussed, showing the basis of proper relations between the Church and the state – defining the goal of the state, i.e. the common good understood in detail as securing the legal order, securing the welfare order and defining a secular state. Then, defining the purpose of the Church as a supernatural community understood in detail as acting religiously and ethically and socially, which per‑forms a critical function towards the state, as well as appreciating communication and a healthy compromise in mutual cooperation. RESEARCH RESULTS: The Church, cooperating with the state for the com‑mon good of citizens and believers, prefers a secular state, i.e. a non‑religious state, i.e. one that does not identify itself with the ultimate goal of citizens’ lives, but recognizes the right to religious pursuits. After all, you need to understand what a compromise is, when you can make it and when you can’t think about it. The basis of getting to know each other is communication.CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS:You should carefully study the goals of the state and the Church, discover what communication is all about and when to compromise and on what issues.
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The purpose of the work is to investigate the development of mass entertainment culture in the paradigm of its visualization and the spread of screen forms. The methodological basis of the research was made up of the following methods: systemic, cultural, semantic, analytical, which fully allowed to consider the defined perspective of the research issues and obtain substantiated results and conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research is revealed in the consideration of spectacular culture as a subsystem of mass culture, which is formed by its semantics and the identification of trends in its visualization in further development, in particular, screen forms mediated by digital information technologies. Conclusions. Mass spectacles in the paradigm of visualization and screen forms are an integral part of modern culture. They not only reflect technological progress, but also influence the way we perceive and interact with the world. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, it became obvious that audiovisual communication had significantly supplanted other types, and screen forms of creativity gradually changed traditional arts and began to serve as new means of their distribution. In the conditions of the information society, mass culture becomes a priority form of living cultural phenomena. Spectacle culture in the conditions of visualization and digital technologies is a powerful force that shapes our ideas about the world, influences social processes and determines new directions for the development of the entertainment industry, it constantly evolves, responding to technological innovations and changes in society. Spectacularity is one of the important constituent technologies of creating a modern cultural product, one of the properties of expressiveness, which is achieved through the synthesis of various artistic means. It should also be noted that modern challenges related to ethics, privacy and ecology require us to take a deliberate approach to the consumption and creation of content that becomes part of the entertainment culture.
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The article sheds light on the various types of disinformation which over the years have proved to become a real obstacle to sound decision making due to the fact it is more and more difficult to tell real content from fake. Therefore, the article presents definitions and explains clearly terms such as information and disinformation, misinformation and mal-information. Along with that, it zooms into information content stressing upon the characteristics in its variety - misleading, imposed, manipulated, and fabricated. Lastly, it also tackles parody and satire. Concrete examples explaining the differences in the fake information types are given for a greater clarity and better understanding of the phenomenon under discussion. Much of the overall discourse of "fake news" carrying false and/or distorted information connects to three concepts: misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. By misinformation we mean false information that those who spread it believe to be true. By disinformation we will define false information that those spreading it, know it is false. While under malinformation we will understand dishonest information that is based on reality, but is used to harm a person, organization, institution, even a country.
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The use of music technologies has increased at a high speed over the past few decades in many educationalartistic contexts all over the world. The online courses must be adapted to learners’ characteristics and can be differentiated according to the technology they employ, the curricular structure, the degree to which the students are supervised. This research presents the experience we had in organizing online courses at the “Gheorghe Dima” Academy of Music in Cluj, Romania, with regard to synchronous and asynchronous communication that involved the use of hardware (dedicated servers, state-ofthe-art audio – video systems) and software adapted to pre-existent platforms (such as Moodle, Zoom, Skype, etc.) as well as creating and improving new ones – (MeetAnmgd teleconference, the platform of the Department of Distance Learning and Part-Time Studies, the platform of the ANMGD Library, etc). The musical technologies employed consisted in software dedicated to music production and online transmissions. Following the evaluation of the system, of the teaching materials and of the students’ level of satisfaction, we were able to draw the conclusion that the experience gained requires a continuous improvement of the electronic resources of institutions, as well as, to an equal extent, increasing the level of teaching staff’s expertise in using musical technologies.
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In the last decades, the influence of digital technology has affected almost all aspects of our lives, including the enchanting world of dance. Nowadays, due to Internet resources, dance is broadcast faster than ever. As for instance, more rapidly than in the late 16th century, when Italian ballet masters gained access to the French Court, or when the Russian ballet was dispersed after Diaghilev’s death in 1929. Moreover, with a single click, everyone has the possibility to access more than 900.000 dance videos, being able to view a performance or dance tutorial whenever it is desired. Art renews itself when it manages to integrate in the present, and digital technology has embraced the art of dance, giving birth to new interdisciplinary approaches. This paper surveys the use of technology regarding dance education and performance on the screen and analyses in what manner the development of digital machineries is supporting innovation in dace.
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The paper focuses on the current religious (charismatic) phenomenon Worship Night as a communication event that has a multimodal nature (language code, musical code, gestural code, kinetic code). Using multiple methods, we analyzed the approximately one-hour video recordings of Worship Nights of five Slovak charismatic communities (Koinonia Sklené, Koinonia Prešov, Maranatha, Rieka života, Lamačské chvály). All observed Worship Nights contain language specifics that can be used to characterize the language of charismatic communities. Sometimes the very topic of the Worship Night, or of his central sermon (for example praise and charisma) is charismatic. Furthermore, we identified special compositional means (the motif of depth, newness and new life, change/transformation, heart, touch, Holy Spirit), syntactic means (constructions stáť vo chvále, vstúpiť do Božej prítomnosti, ty si Boh/ten ktorý..., mať požehnaný čas, bol to požehnaný čas pre XY) and morphological means (for example increased frequency of interjections, conjunction žehnať do niečoho, žehnať niečo), which we evaluate as linguistic markers of the charismatic communication sub-register.
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This article deals with the problem of using declarative speech acts in an advertising discourse. The introduction of the "speech act" notion has caused the necessity of classifying utterances according to their communicative function, taking into account the illocutionary content of utterances, that is, the speaker’s communicative intention; the type of the speaker’s exposure and the way the speaker ex-presses his intention. The usage of the declarative speech act is aimed at changing the state of affairs. The author notes the polyintentional nature of the declaratives, paying attention to the role of situational context that refers to every non-linguistic factor and the meaning of a phrase. Linguistic pragmatics and the theory of speech acts are regarded as a research method being effective for analyzing communicative intention.
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The article analyses female stand-up comedy in the post-Soviet space and the ways in which it reflects women's perceptions of feminine and masculine. Stand-up is an open platform for frank talking about everyday and intimate topics, as well as topics previously tabooed, such as sex, sexism, and harassment. The most resonant topics of the current and previous year (family, relationships, sex, sexism, harassment) are examined. The conditional female image composed by female comedians in the format 'a woman about herself and her problems' shows that many sketches cannot be strictly categorized into one thematic direction, as several themes are inextricably linked in them. Sex and sexuality seen through a woman's eyes and voiced through a woman's mouth is the new thing that stand-up comedy has brought in the last decade. The structure of the stand-up comedy speech canvas includes linguistic and extra-linguistic means, many stylistic figures such as antithesis, hyperbole, irony and self-irony, euphemism.
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In the context of the current international framework, Ideas Forum International Academic and Scientific Association - IFIASA Journals and Conferences joins the effort in bringing together researchers and scientists from all over the globe, facilitating the professional development and encouraging dialogue, creativity and exchange of ideas. The mission of IFIASA is to foster and lead collaborative interdisciplinary research in state-of-the-art methodologies and the support within its areas of expertise.
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This study is a case study presenting the most important development trends of contemporary global news agencies on the example of three leading global institutions: Associated Press (AP), Reuters and Agence France‑Presse (AFP). The research focuses on changes resulting from the adaptation of global news agencies to the advanced stage of digital culture and the needs of a dynamically developing information society. The impact of phenomena such as disinformation and the COVID-19 pandemic has been taken into account. The article analyses the scientific literature and uses a qualitative analysis of the content of Internet messages. The research materials include sources made available by the discussed institutions on official websites and press publications published by industry portals. The results of the research made it possible to show the impact of new technologies on the reach, content, and distribution of agency services. The forms of activity and standards of work in global news agencies typical of the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century were pointed out, emphasizing the new functions and the breakthrough importance of addressing the offer to young recipients. In the context of the fourth industrial revolution, the issue of the increasing share of artificial intelligence in editorial work was raised.
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The aim of the research was to determine whether Polish conservative opinion magazines (Gazeta Polska and Najwyższy Czas!) may be responsible for the deepening of racist patterns of thinking. The research context included the issue of migration from the countries of the Middle East and Africa based on the example of events on the Polish‑Belarusian border. The main research method was content analysis, including discourse analysis (media framework). The research sample consisted of a total of 109 texts (GP 86 and NC 23). In formulating the research theses, the theory of the French philosopher Étienne Balibar was used, especially considerations regarding racism and the concept of border. The research results gave a positive answer to the main research problem. The comparative analysis showed similarities between both magazines in terms of the rhetoric used towards migrants (anti-immigrant narrative, the “us-them” division, linguistic treatments that are part of the exclusion strategy), as well as the multiplicity of the border topos, which is understood as: the external border of the territory of Poland, the zoopolitical border and the mental border. The element that differentiated the examined magazines was the political context – GP supported PiS policy and used the conflict to deepen internal polarization, while NC criticized the United Right government’s actions.
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The purpose of the article is to show, based on selected examples, the journalistic and radio broadcast activity of Aleksandra Stypułkowska (alias Jadwiga Mieczkowska) for Radio Free Europe’s Polish Broadcasting Service, and to present the most important issues she raised on air, along with her unique way of argumentation. The study analysed audio and press sources. Available issues of the monthly magazine Na Antenie (1963–1989) were reviewed for her statements by applying a press analysis method in tandem with qualitative research. Because of the editorial requirements that the article had to meet, only certain press materials were included, and a number of news and literary programmes were excluded; these omissions will be addressed in a separate paper. However, some audio sources available on RFE’s website were also selected applying a media content analysis method; namely, those which the author finds original as regards the subject matter and journalistic genre (in line with the case study method), and which make it possible to present a variety of issues raised by Stypułkowska, including her views on legal, socio-political and religious matters. This study can therefore be seen as a prelude to further research.
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The state of the Albanians in the end of the XIX century became even more worse from the Otoman Empire which not only kept their territories under their rule but also stand a more rigorous rule by not letting anything national. This made that a good Albanian elite to start their attempts to raise national consciousness outside of Albanian territories, such case was the publishing of the newspaper “Albania” from Faik Konica in Brussels. In this capital work from Konica, whole chapters are dedicated to spiritual culture of Albanians, of material culture and the way of living. Konica talked about “Besa”, the hospitality, the bravery feud of the Albanians, few traditional crafts, the way of eating, traditional clothes and very other everyday issue of Albanians which he considered national treasure. The purpose of this research was to highlight Konicas’s attempts as a connoisseur to the core of Albanian character by analyzing every virtue of them by believing that the nationality should be protected not only in the battlefields, but also by defending and appreciating more and more the deep meaning of the national traditions because their preservation is part of saving the national identity.
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This study investigates the communication tactics embedded in clickbait headlines found in Romanian online media, by linguistically analysing a corpus of 80 headlines sourced from the Libertatea newspaper. It identifies key strategies such as the use of questions, numbers and dramatic language, all crafted to provoke curiosity and evoke emotional reactions from readers. By examining these linguistic techniques, the paper sheds light on the manipulative structures that drive digital engagement through clickbait in Romania. Furthermore, the findings provide a foundation for developing more advanced algorithms for clickbait detection and emphasise the critical need to understand how these strategies affect the credibility and quality of online journalism.
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CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest analiza uwarunkowań międzypokoleniowej socjalizacji religijnej w rodzinach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wyników obszernych badań podłużnych Verna Bengtsona.PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Punktem wyjścia analiz jest pytanie, jakie elementy dynamiki rodziny sprzyjają przekazywaniu wartości religijnych następnemu pokoleniu. Zastosowano metodę jakościowej analizy treści głównej pracy Bengtsona pt. Families and Faith w celu zrekonstruowania i interpretacji jego poglądów na temat socjalizacji religijnej w rodzinach.PROCES WYWODU: Skoncentrowano się na analizie czynników mających znaczenie dla przekazu religijnego w rodzinach, takich jak: ciepło emocjonalne między rodzicami a dziećmi, tolerancja rodziców wobec wyborów religijnych dzieci oraz wspierająca rola dziadków.WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Badania Bengtsona pokazują, że kluczowym czynnikiem efektywnej socjalizacji religijnej jest emocjonalna bliskość między rodzicami a dziećmi. Wysoki poziom rodzicielskiego ciepła emocjonalnego oraz akceptacja ze strony rodziców znacząco zwiększają prawdopodobieństwo, że dzieci przejmą religijne wierzenia i praktyki starszego pokolenia. Istotną rolę w przekazywaniu wartości religijnych odgrywają też dziadkowie, zwłaszcza w rodzinach z silną więzią międzypokoleniową. W rodzinach, w których rodzice się rozwiedli lub tworzą małżeństwo mieszane (wielowyznaniowe), maleje szansa na efektywną socjalizację religijną dzieci.WNIOSKI, REKOMENDACJE I APLIKACYJNE ZNACZENIE WPŁYWU BADAŃ: Pielęgnowanie więzi emocjonalnych w rodzinie i umożliwienie dzieciom swobodnych poszukiwań w zakresie religii zwiększa szansę na efektywny międzypokoleniowy przekaz wiary. Ta konstatacja jest pomocna w zrozumieniu dynamiki socjalizacji religijnej we współczesnych rodzinach i może być ważnym impulsem dla edukacji religijnej oraz poradnictwa rodzinnego.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between exposure to social media and the level of social anxiety. Based on the relevant scientific data, we have many indicators that say that social media is an inseparable part of man in today's time, so this study aimed to show the change of social anxiety according to exposure to social media.The methodology of this study is non-experimental correlational, which included relevant techniques for data collection with 102 subjects in the Republic of North Macedonia with an average age of 28 years.The results of the study showed a statistically significant weak negative relationship between exposure to social media and level of social anxiety, where simple linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant pattern of predicting change in social anxiety according to exposure to social media. No significant differences were found according to gender, place of residence, employment status and age.The contribution of the findings of this study is important for all ages, especially for young people, students, parents, various institutions, to provide an important explanation regarding the relationship of social anxiety with exposure to social media.
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Problematic social media use turns out to have effects on many dimensions of teenagers' lives, including emotional well-being, social interactions, and interpersonal relationships. The focus of research is oriented directed towards identification, in addition to its effects, the predictive factors associated with problematic use of social media. The purpose of this study is to predict the effect of family support, school support and school well-being on the problematic social media use among adolescents in North Macedonia. The study included 5144 adolescents 11, 13 and 15 years old, of which 48.4% are boys and 51.6% are girls. Considering the structure of the population in the country, 66.6% are young Macedonians and 33.4% Albanians. The data presented are part of the cross-sectional study "Health and Behaviour of School-aged Children", collected during 2022.The results of the research showed that family support is a predictor of problematic social media use for Macedonian and Albanian girls and boys, whereas teacher support did not emerge as a determinant of problematic social media use. Prediction role of classmates’ support and school pressure are also discussed.
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