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Două portrete exemplare de lideri politico-militari: Margaret Thatcher şi Ahmad Shah Massoud

Author(s): Florin Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: I/2010

The study explores the role of really charismatic leaders within the context of significant wars (these wars are regarded, according to influent authors as Robert Gilpin, as being tools and proofs of re-distributing power on the international arena). The two highly effective leaders whose activity is briefly evaluated here are Margaret Thatcher and Ahmad Shah Massoud, and the wars they led – and brilliantly won – are the Falkland War and the savage fights for defending the Panjshir Valley in Northern Afghanistan against Soviet massive attacks, in the 1980s.

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Analiză adusă la zi a unui episod important al confruntărilor ideologice din vremea Războiului Rece (Discuţie pe marginea lucrării FLORIN AFTALION, Alerte rouge sur l’Amérique. Retour sur le maccarthysme, Jean-Claude Lattès, Paris, 2006, 315 pp.)

Author(s): Ovidiu Bozgan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: I/2010

Contemporary Perspectives Regarding an Important Episode of the Ideological Confrontations During the Cold War (Presentation and Comments based on the work FLORIN AFTALION, Alerte rouge sur l’Amérique. Retour sur le maccarthysme, Jean-Claude Lattès, Paris, 2006, 315 pp.)

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Evenimente şi trend-uri semnificative pe scena internaţională contemporană

Author(s): Florin Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: II/2009

Preparing himself for a more ambitious work dealing with the definition(s), features, merits and limits of global governance, the author lists and presents in this study some of the events and trends which shape the contemporary international arena. All these are regarded as being inputs (or challenges) global governance has to properly cope with. The list of the events and trends the author explores (using mainly concepts and other intellectual tools of the Realist School in International Relations), paying a special attention to strategically significant issues of all sorts, is: 1. the evolutions in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the more general context of GWOT; 2. the problems generated by failed – and failing – states; 3. political and military evolutions in Iran; 4. the quick consolidation of strategic military capabilities (and above all of the blue water navy) of China; and 5. continuity and change in the foreign policy of dominant world powers (the case of USA)

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Populism 2.0, digital democracy and the new ‘enemies of the people’

Author(s): Antonio Momoc / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Like in many other Central and Eastern European countries, in 2016, Romanian populist parties were voted by the ‘silent’ citizens, by those feeling deprived and not represented properly. Shortly before that, in 2015, the tragic Colectiv nightclub fire had given birth to a new party: Save Romania Union (USR) that promotes a populist discourse on the ‘corrupt elite’ versus the ‘pure people’. At the beginning, however, the new party did not disseminate messages specific to the nationalist or radical right-wing populists. Another party, endorsed by a news television channel Romania TV, almost succeeded at overpassing the electoral threshold in the 2016 parliamentary election: United Romania Party (PRU) used xenophobic and anti-EU messages during the 2016 general election campaign. My hypothesis is that the extremist electoral messages, the expressions of hatred towards foreigners and Western businessmen or the EU institutions were spread through social networks. Using a content analysis, I shall verify the extent to which the official Facebook pages of the Social Democratic Party (PSD, the direct successor of the Romanian Communist Party), the United Romania Party (PRU) and the Save Romania Union (USR) reflected the antagonism of the ‘pure’ people versus the ‘corrupt’ elite and I shall reveal who these parties identified as the so-called ‘people’s enemies’.

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ИНТЕГРАЦИЯТА НА ПОЛУЧИЛИТЕ ЗАКРИЛА В БЪЛГАРИЯ ГРАЖДАНИ ОТ ТРЕТИ СТРАНИ – НОРМАТИВНА РАМКА, НАЦИОНАЛНИ ПРАКТИКИ И МЕСТНИ ПОЛИТИКИ

Author(s): Lydia Staikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

The article presents the current regulations, circumstances, practices and policies with regard to integration of citizens of third countries who have been granted asylum in Bulgaria. First it presents the newly adopted National integration strategy 2014-2020. Then it explores several aspects of social inclusion – identity, accommodation, social benefits, work and education. Finally, it focuses on the implications for the region of Haskovo.

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СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИ КЛУБ ЗА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РЕГИОНА

Author(s): Todor Tanev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

As a consequence of the currency board introduced in 1997 Bulgaria became an island of fiscal stability among the South European countries. However this is an insufficient basis for further successful development of the country as a member of the European family. A decisive change in the socio-political model is needed if obstacles such as corrupt judicial system, organized crime, legal predictability, etc. are to be overcome. The problem is that the institutions set up as they are have no capability to make this change effectively given the impossibility for non- partisan vision. Therefore it is after the currency board that another “political board” should be introduced. By no means is it an interference of the European governing bodies in the governance of sovereign Bulgaria. The positive and realistic form of a “political board” is a “Strategic board” creating those complementary scenarios for the long- term European future of Bulgaria that the country itself is unable to produce alone and without which Bulgaria cannot make a decisive progress. The creation of such a joint Bulgarian-European board is proposed here in the shape of a Strategic club “Euxinograde” named after the 120 year old Black Sea governmental residence which symbolizes the Balkans and the wider Black Sea region location of Bulgaria. A European non-partisan long-term strategic framework for Bulgaria can break the vicious circle in which the country is suffocating. The principles on which the Club would be based as well as its design and structure are investigated.

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ОЦЕНКА НА СЪСТОЯНИЕТО И ТЕНДЕНЦИИТЕ НА РАЗВИТИЕ НА ЗАЕТОСТТА В БЪЛГАРИЯ В ПЕРИОДА 2001-2008 ГОДИНА НА БАЗА НА СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИТЕ ДАННИ

Author(s): Simeon Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2012

Undoubtedly, in the period 2001-2008 positive trends are observed in terms of the employment and the overall development of the labor market in Bulgaria. In order to make an objective assessment of the status and trends of employment, it is necessary to trace the impact on the labor market of the overall economic development, demographic trends and of course, policies implemented in relation to the employment. For this purpose it is more appropriate to use the main indicators introduced in the EES and in Bulgarian strategic and operational documents regarding the changes in the employment.

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СОЦИАЛНАТА ПОЛИТИКА: КАПАНИТЕ НА ОЦЕНКАТА

Author(s): Tatiana Tomova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2011

The article analyses the alternative approaches and related indicators, that can be used for social policy evaluation. The thesis is that values and ideas for needed development of community are concealed behind the choice of method and indicators for evaluation. Therefore the evaluation purpose can be easily changed and instead of being used for policy process improvement it could serve the political completion. In this case the policy evaluation loses its rational character. If there is a politics of evaluation, we need a policy of evaluation.

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ДОБРИТЕ ОБНОСКИ И ДОБРОТО УПРАВЛЕНИЕ

Author(s): Todor Tanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2011

Introduction

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ДОВЕРИЕТО И КАЧЕСТВОТО НА ЖИВОТ КАТО ИНДИКАТОРИ НА ДОБРОТО УПРАВЛЕНИЕ

Author(s): Nikolai Tilkidjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2011

This study is an analysis on representative empirical data from two field surveys in Bulgaria (2006 and 2009) within the methodological framework of the European Social Survey (ESS) programme in comparison with other EU countries. Data and analysis show clear the reasons of Bulgarians to feel themselves “at the bottom” in a lot of criteria in respect of their self-estimations of well-being and quality of life, of satisfaction of life and the work of main national institutions. One of the basic reasons is the fact that for its people Bulgaria is “a low-trusted society” – in social and political meaning. There are a lot of conclusions on empirical data confirming the analysis.

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ЗА НАШЕТО СПИСАНИЕ: АЛЕГОРИИТЕ НА ДОБРОТО УПРАВЛЕНИЕ

Author(s): Todor Tanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

Introduction

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ДЪЛГИЯТ ПЪТ НА ПРАВНАТА УРЕДБА ОТ НОЩТА (НА ДЪРЖАВНОТО ВСЕВЛАСТИЕ) КЪМ ДЕНЯ (НА ПРАВОТАТА ДЪРЖАВА)

Author(s): Svetla Dimitrova-Kovacheva ,Georgi D. Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

We adhere to the paradigm of “rule of law” and the concept of “good governance”, in particular, according to which public institutions not only act within the lawful limits but first and foremost protect the rights and interests of citizens in accordance to the law. Assuming Bulgaria is a society in transition we want to test empirically the extent to which it has broken away from the communist system, in which the state dominates over people. This empirical test has been carried out through a normative analysis of the articles and catches of two Bulgarian laws – the "State Administration Act" and "Civil Service Act"(literary “State Service Act”, in Bulgarian). The paper presents our major findings, which confirm the hypothesis that these two laws do not provide for a systemic social regulation because it would render a systemic social change. Such a qualitative change has not been pursued because the strong power of the centralized state has been endorsed to reform the Bulgarian society in an authoritative way. The half-way social changes, reflected in our normative acts, serve not the public interest but the ad hoc political task of transition.

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СЪВМЕСТИМО ЛИ Е С ПРИНЦИПА НА РАЗДЕЛЕНИЕ НА ВЛАСТИТЕ СЪЩЕСТВУВАНЕТО НА АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ, ПОДЧИНЕНИ НА НАРОДНОТО СЪБРАНИЕ?

Author(s): Aleko Djildjov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

The administration of the national assembly and the principle of the division of the authorities.

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Politikai igazságosságkoncepciók a világképek kontextusában: Jürgen Habermas és az overlapping consensus lehetősége

Author(s): László Gergely Szücs / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 19/2012

The article reconstructs the critique of Jürgen Habermas about the Rawlsian conceptof „overlapping consensus”. According to Habermas, the possibility of the Rawlsianoverlapping consensus depends on the „division of labor” between private individuals’philosophical-metaphisical use of reason, and citizens’ public-political use of reason. Fromtheir „participant perspective”, private individuals use metaphisical arguments to underlie their worldviews and their ethical beliefs. From this perspective they can agree with politicalprinciples of justice created through monological, generalizing procedures. From thepoint of view of Habermas this idea can be criticized with the fact that it is counterintuitive,and it makes the agreement vulnerable if the bases of „consensus” – the moral andethical elements – are not seen as possibly part of the consensus, and thus they are notpublicly debated. A further problem from the point of view of Habermas is that if beforereaching a politial consensus there is no reference to publicly accountable criteria ofreason, then it becomes impossible to resolve conflicts between individuals followingsolely their own ethical beliefs and moral expectations, thus it becomes impossible toexplain how an overlapping consensus can be achieved. The article shows that accordingto Habermas the problems can be solved if the individuals, trying to reach a consensus,are asked at the first steps leading towards the consensus – at the moment of articulatingtheir ethical or moral beliefs – to present the norms of the public use of reason. Thus,even from the first steps leading toward a consensus, we can refer to reasonable norms,and if we presume these, it becomes easier to explain why it is obligatory to aspire forreasonable difference of opinions, and to appeal with more general moral and politicalnorms in cases of ethical differences of opinion.

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A néptől a populizmusig, és vissza (E. Laclau: A populista ész)

Author(s): Zsolt Tordai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 18/2012

If we want to understand how politics really works and/or open up new ways for the criticismof regimes replacing democratic ideas by institutionalism, it is worth to take a lookat the logic of populism. This is the leading statement of Ernesto Laclau, prominent figureof post-marxist political philosophy. The Argentine political theorist’s most importantbook is the Hegemony and Social Strategy (1985) co-authored with Chantal Mouffe. Intheir work they focus on political indentities and discursive strategies of social movements,developing sharp divergences from the dogmatic Marxian class theory. Laclau’slatest book, On Populist Reason, has similar ideological bases. In his approarch populismis neither a social movement nor an ideology. In his book he tries to liberate populismfrom preconceptions and redefine it in a discursive way. Laclau pays special attention tothe populist discourses, in the aspect of how they are created by a democratic demandand to ’the plebs’, wich defines themself as ’populus’ fighting with the hegemonic power.His book published in 2005 has been translated to Hungarian last year. This delay let usdeeply consider how can his theoretical framework help us to interprete the ideology ofthe radical movements rising after the global economic crisis.

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Scientific Discourses of Differentiation by Race, Gender, and Disability from the 19th Century Until Present Day

Author(s): Kylie Boazman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The conflicting understandings about different levels of pain in white and black bodies potentially lead to discriminatory practices in medical institutions, which have repercussions for individuals’ health and racially frames social relations. In addition to race, stereotypes about the experience of pain and emotion exist in relation to gender and disability,which I will argue throughout this article. These scientific and popular discourses underlined discriminatory practices while influencing how people thought about race, gender, and disability.

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A rendszerváltás gyermekei (Szalai E.: Koordinátákon kívül)

Author(s): Eszter Bartha / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 17/2012

The review introduces the new book of Erzsébet Szalai, and it interrogates the question of how the habitus, identity and personality of contemporary Hungarian youth have been developing over the past twenty years. Does this youth share great generational experiences and can it develop into a new generation? The review explores how young people experience semi-peripheral capitalism in the light of the life-history interviews that are the main sources of the book, and how they try to rebel – if they try at all – in an environment, which lacks the theoretical and structural pre-conditions of rebelling. Individuals can do little to change these conditions but a community can be more effective if young people can find common co-ordinates in the civil sphere.

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NATIONALISM AS AN ESSENTIALLY CONTESTED CONCEPT

Author(s): Hamid Bouyahi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Despite the fact that the notion of a state that contains a specific nation is relatively new, most societies tend to perceive their national origins as an indisputable historical fact. This paper tries to understand the reasons that make rational individuals and groups of people believe in the irrational claims of national identities and national pride. As political discourse is the main source of these claims, this paper analyses the nature of that discourse and the way it manages to coin essentially contested concepts that are acceptable by the public. Subsequently, the paper delves into the mechanisms in which the human cognitive apparatus interprets discourse, and the reasons that make it vulnerable to deception. Additionally, the paper revisits notions like nations and states to prove the fact that there is no direct relationship between belonging to a state and feeling national pride. Eventually, the paper tackles the main psychological attributes that interfere to make rational individuals and groups abandon their rationality to believe in purely sentimental political notions.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Moldovan Ruling Party Bids to Defuse Protests

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 08/28/2018

Many citizens may be too busy enjoying a long holiday to consider joining next week’s planned anti-government demonstrations.

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Медийна рецепция онлайн на Доклада за състоянието на националната сигурност на България през 2016 г.

Author(s): Konstantin Pavlov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2017

The paper analyzes the media and political reactions in Bulgarian online media to the Government's Annual National Security Report, subsequently approved by the Bulgarian Parliament, for the period September 2017 – November2017. References to the report were subject to content analysis according to the timeline of the reactions and the intensity of their occurence, according to the different categories of institutional and non-institutional speakers, as wellas according to the basic messages they were carrying. The findings show a strong disproportion in the representation of different opinions and the lack of public debate on the subject. Since the beginning of the period, there is a visible disparity between the reactions to the Report and their media coverage.The passages in the text of the Report that describe the role of Russia for the Bulgarian national security focus almost all of the media attention and were the most debated political issue on this topic. With a great deal of certainty it can be speculated that the next national security topic that will get great coverage will revolve around the state of security in the Black sea.

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