Scientific Discourses of Differentiation by Race, Gender, and Disability from the 19th Century Until Present Day
Scientific Discourses of Differentiation by Race, Gender, and Disability from the 19th Century Until Present Day

Summary/Abstract: The conflicting understandings about different levels of pain in white and black bodies potentially lead to discriminatory practices in medical institutions, which have repercussions for individuals’ health and racially frames social relations. In addition to race, stereotypes about the experience of pain and emotion exist in relation to gender and disability,which I will argue throughout this article. These scientific and popular discourses underlined discriminatory practices while influencing how people thought about race, gender, and disability.

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