„NEMATOMI MIESTAI“ LIETUVIŲ LITERATŪROS „VARTŲ SERGĖTOJŲ“ DISKURSE

Author(s): Justina Petrulionytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2015

The article discusses the relation of Lithuanian literature with the country and the cities by invoking sociological concepts: “literary field” (Pierre Bourdieu) and “gatekeeper”. The investigation is questioning the image of Lithuanian literature as “agrarian” which is formed and legitimized in the discourse by Lithuanian literature gatekeepers – precisely in the literary history, anthology and textbooks for pupils.Interviews with teachers and writers are also included in the analysis. The investigation reveals that the image of “agrarian” Lithuanian literature seems artificial, homogeneous and too generalizing. It suppresses the significance of cities to Lithuanian literature and culture, because: 1) many Lithuanian writers have urban or estate origins, come from craftsman’s,workers’ or educated families, furthermore, many those who have peasant origins left early for schools in the cities or seminaries; 2) quite a few Lithuanian writers contest the stereotypical notion of Lithuanian identity as agrarian and stress the importance of cities to themselves; 3) innovative poetic changes are connected with “city writers” (i. e. Henrikas Radauskas, Antanas Škėma); 4) after the Independence of Lithuania, increasingly more literary narratives of cities appear; 5) the comparatists emphasize the relation between images of the nation / ethnicity / state and the (capital) city – this relation is constructed in Lithuanian literature as well (i. e. novels by Markas Zingeris). The article also seeks to shed a light on the importance of a particular city of Lithuania – Kaunas, which have strong links with Lithuanian national identity and literature.

DIDYSIS PASAKOJIMAS SOVIETMEČIU: KELI PANORAMINIAI PROBLEMOS ŠTRICHAI

Author(s): Audinga Peluritytė-Tikuišienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2015

This article deals with development of Lithuanian art of early socialist realism. The key issues of the article are following: what is the position of the Grand Narrative which was formed by mature modernism in narration of Lithuanian art of the then? The article refers to the concept of crisis of mature modernity and grand narratives. This concept has been formulated in Lyotardʼs book The Postmodern Condition (1979). The article expands this concept by sociological interpretations of Antony Giddens and historical philosophical interpretations of Wolfgang Welsch. Also the discourse of alternative modernism has been included in the discussion with artefacts of socialist realism which to the problem of the Grand Narrative renders importants arguments of fake history and altered character. The art of socialist realismʼ period has been considered against a background of concepts of modernism and alternative modernism as well as that of the tendencies of depersonalization, personification, collectivism and nationality. The narratives of the fine arts (sculpture, painting) have been evaluated from the point of view of literary narratives.

EGYPT IN ROMAN IMPERIAL LITERATURE: TACITUS’ ANN. 2.59-61

Author(s): Lina Girdvainytė / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The article analyses Tacitus’ account of Germanicus’ Egyptian voyage (Ann. 2.59-61) in the context of anti-Egyptian discourse met with in the Roman imperial literature. After a brief discussion of Egypt’s place in the Greek and Roman imagination, the article goes on to examine Tacitus’ use of Egypt by considering the role of Germanicus in the Egyptian setting, as well as questioning the presence of prevalent (Graeco-) Roman stereotypes in the given passage. Throughout the paper, it is argued that the use of Egypt in Tacitus’ account is far more complex than the notion of general anti-Egyptian sentiment allows, and that the Tacitean representation of Egypt does not entirely fit into the paradigm of Graeco-Roman ‘Othering’. Rather than describing Egypt for its own sake, the account is carefully and artistically arranged in order to convey Tacitus’ own anti-imperialist views, implicit in his other works, such as the Histories and Agricola.

CULTURE HERO’S INTREPID PAST (PROMETHEUS, LOKI, SYRDON… COYOTE…)

Author(s): Fatima Eloeva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The paper compares Loki of the Scandinavian and Syrdon of the Caucasian material (the Nart epic tradition) with the evolution of the character of Prometheus as described in the early texts (Theogony and Works and Days by Hesiod) and with his later transformation as described in Prometheus Bound by Aeschilus. This comparison makes it possible to demonstrate the general pattern of evolution which can be described as (chthonian) deity → trickster → culture hero.In this we do not agree with Eleazar Meletinskij’s statemwent, according to which the culture hero – Demiurge – is the most ancient character in the world folklore, while the trickster is a subsequent transformation of the image of the culture hero.Employing the Greek model (Hesiod’s Theogony) as our starting point, we will argue that an intriguer / a trickster is the most ancient mythological character, while the culture hero emerges as a result of later developments.

LIETUVIS PARYŽIUJE: TARP MANIJOS IR FILIJOS

Author(s): Vytautas Bikulčius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2015

The paper deals with the situation of a Lithuanian in Paris, in other words, the image of the capital of France presented in the travel books “Letters from Paris” (1937) of Antanas Vienuolis, “The Fair of Illusions” (1983) of Laimonas Tapinas, “Letters from Paris” (2007) of Rimantas Vanagas and “The Paris Diary” (2013) of Jaroslavas Melnikas.The paper draws on the methodology of imagology, according to which mania is identified when the writer perceives foreign reality as superior to national culture. Phobia, contrary to mania, is identified when national culture is valued more than foreign reality. Philia is identified when the writer perceives foreign and national culture identically. Idiocracy is identified when the writer presents his own attitude towards foreign reality.Despite changes in the historical context, the image of Paris remains mainly attractive and may be identified as philia. Some evidences of philia may be found in the books of A. Vienuolis, L. Tapinas, R. Vanagas, J. Melnikas although the time span between the publication of the first and the last book is about 80 years. No matter that the historical context is very different (e.g., the book of A. Vienuolis was published before World War II) it is not the main factor that would determine the priority of one culture over another.Several but not many evidences of mania or phobia may also be detected and it shows that the impressions of the authors are not onetime or hasty. The evidences of mania or phobia may be found in the books of A. Vienuolis, R. Vanagas, J. Melnikas. Still different cultural experiences, different potential of France as one of the main countries in the world undoubtedly contribute to the arousal of the above attitude.

В КАРМАНЕ У ПОДПОЛЬНОГО ПАРАДОКСАЛИСТА

Author(s): Dagne Berzhayte,Ingrida Kiselyute / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

For many years, the F. Dostoyevsky researchers have been arguing about the function of money in the writer’s works. The majority of the Dostoyevsky specialists maintain that, even though the material issue remains urgent in all Dostoevsky’s works, it does not determine the characters’ attitudes and behavior. In order to refute this conventional opinion, the authors of the article have applied some of the most important aspects (Production, Internal Circulation, Metatheoretical) of the New Economic Criticism, a new method of literary analysis, originated a few decades ago in the United States, and also discuss various aspects of money as the economic category of Dostoyevsky’s works. The article is focused on the Notes from Underground, one of the most important novels of Dostoyevsky, written in the full swing of the incipient yet extensive reforms of the mid-19th century Russia. The article seeks to demonstrate that the economic practices of the main character not only determine the entire course of the story, but also reflect the essential principles of the Russian economic system functioning and its further change as well as help to reveal the meanings of the text no longer being recognized today.

«МУСОРНЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК» И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: МЕХАНИЗМЫ СОБЛАЗНА

Author(s): Natalia Kovtun / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The article is devoted to the problem of existence of the person of post-industrial society as he is presented in anti-utopian texts of the 1990s. The emphasis on the 1990s isn’t casual, the era sums up the results at this time through and by literature, the main tendencies and characteristic types are highlighted. In epoch-making times, the person of crowd also declares himself. By differentiation of concepts of the mass person and the person of crowd, we construct the image of “the person of rubbish”, which survived on shatters of former utopias and mythologemas. The person of rubbish, in our opinion, is a transcription of the ancient Ham, left a shadow of heroic eras. The story “Laz” (Manhole) of V. Makanin describes the strategies of a survival of intellectual singles, crowds and inhabitants in post-apocalyptic time, their relationship with the state. The text testifies that a victory of the Unitary State (for which in a classical utopia prepared through Great operation, fear, denunciations) proved to be a Pyrrhic victory. So far, the power gives the last guards on sacrifice, and the intellectuals go to races, the crowd commits excesses, sees in the State not the Benefactor and Leader but the unworthy, disgusting competitor in fight for a survival, still armed and dangerous. The state, carrying out social surgery on removal of the top, intellectual levels of public consciousness, kindling primitive passions, appeared in private with criminals who are tolerant to former mechanisms of temptation. The destruction of soul, the imagination will (there was the aim of the Great operation) turn back the rudeness of revelry. The infantile, dexterous, indifferent andaggressive “person of rubbish” ceased to bargain and argue with the Leviathan, forgot to read and dream, what led to a stop of history, life disappearance.

О НЕОСИНКРЕТИЗМЕ СУБЪЕКТНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ РУССКОЙ ЛИРИКИ НАЧАЛА XX ВЕКА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПОЭЗИИ А. АХМАТОВОЙ, М. ЦВЕТАЕВОЙ, А. БАРКОВОЙ)

Author(s): Catherine Loktevich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

In the article, the reasons of the individualization of the subject organization of the Russian lyrics of the beginning of the 20th century, showing the synthesis of different communicative strategy, are established. The typology of the subject organization of poetry of the period is located, the essence and the principles of the functioning of the phenomenon of an ideological and subject borderline are characterized. The analysis of poems of A. Akhmatova, M. Tsvetaeva and A. Barkova shows the role of neosyncretism in the formation of variations of the subject–object relations.

Рецензии

Author(s): Elena Konickaja,N,V. Suprunchuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2014

Reviewс of: Предраг Пипер. Лингвистичка русистика: студије и чланци. Београд: Филолошки факултет Универзитета у Београду, 2012. (Београд : Бел-пак). 588 стр. (Библиотека Настава језика и књижевности). ISBN 97886-6153-133-0. Jožе Gregorčič. Kostelski slovar. Uredili Sonja Horvat, Ivanka Šircelj-Žindarič in Peter Weiss. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC; Kostel: Občina, 2014. — Zbirka Slovarji / Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU. ISBN 978–961–254–480–5.

Сакральные гетеротопии Урала: от Биармии до Аркаима

Author(s): Elena Sozina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

In this paper sacred places (heterotopias as M. Foucault called them) of the Northern and Ural regions are described. Biarmia (Bjarmaland) is the land which was in the North-East of the European part of Russia, its name was introduced to history by Scandinavian sagas in IX– XII cc. Arkaim is the ancient prototown in the steppe zone of the Southern Ural, it was found by archaeologists at the end of 1980, but its birth and existence is attributed to XVII–XVI cc. BC. Today both toposes became the objects of literary and historical myth-making (“the greatest reserves of the imagination”, M. Foucault) and the objects of the ideological speculations. In the paper, the general Mythemes selected in the area of these toposes on materials of the Web site resource are analyzed. It also studies the epic poem Biarmia of komi writer, poet and philosopher K. Zhakov (1916) and works of E. Bogdanov, V. Ivanov, E. Sojni, V. Timin that were created in XX and at the beginning of XXI centuries.

Рукописи Лествицы Иоанна Синайского в собрании библиотеки им. Врублевских Академии наук Литвы

Author(s): Tatyana Georgiyevna Popova / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2016

The Wróblewski Library of the Academy of Sciences of Lithuania contains 4 manu¬scripts of The Ladder by John Klimakos (F19-246, F19-247, F19-248, F19-263). The manuscripts F19-246 and F19-247 reveal great textual proximity. They are associated with the editing of the most popular translation of The Ladder in the Bulgarian environ¬ment. Related are the manuscript from the Hilandar Monastery (No. 185) and the manu¬script from the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, from the collection of the Library of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (No. 235). F19-263 is associated with the editing of the same transla¬tion in the Serbian environment. Related is the manuscript from the Pochayiv Lavra, from the collection of the Library of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (No. 12). F19-248 contains the text of The Siberian Lestvichnik. The author calls the manuscripts of The Siberian Lestvichnik and the books in the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences to be containing certain fragments of The Ladder.

Сводный каталог кириллических рукописных книг, хранящихся в Литве: Предварительные материалы

Author(s): Nadezhda (Nadežda) Morozova / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2016

The catalogue was prepared in 2008–2011, within the framework of the research project Lithuanica: Literary Heritage of the Ethnoconfessional Minorities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Part II, funded by the Research Council of Lithuania (contract LIT–1–39). The paper provides brief information about all the Cyrillic manuscripts preserved in the libraries and museums of Lithuania. The catalogue is built on the database principle and includes the following fields: 1) title of the manuscript; 2) keeping place; 3) signature; 4) dating; 5) size; 6) storage; 7) provenance. The database contains information about 426 Cyrillic manuscripts: 419 of the manuscripts are kept in Vilnius, 6 books are found in the Biržai Region Museum Sėla and 1 — in the Rokiškis Region Museum. The collected data about the Cyrillic manuscripts preserved in the libraries and museums of Lithuania suggest that Lithuania has the biggest collection of these artifacts among the Baltic States.

Księga akt grodzkich trockich [1660–1661] ze zbiorów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego. IV

Author(s): Viktorija Ušinskienė / Language(s): Polish Issue: -/2016

The catalogue was prepared within the framework of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): Digitization and Database, realized by Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, No. LIT–5–19). The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7–MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection. It presents Part IV of the critical catalogue of the manuscripts written in Polish and Old Byelorussian (Ruthenian) languages, also as short descriptions of the documents No. 664–774 (pp. 709–826). These documents are important for the research of Lithuanian, Polish and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated within them reflects a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. It enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the process of change in the sociolinguistic situation of the GDL.

FREMDHEITSERFAHRUNGEN AM BEISPIEL DER ROMANE DAS PROVISORIUM (2000) VON WOLFGANG HILBIG UND VIENOS VASAROS EMIGRANTAI (2003) VON VALDAS PAPIEVIS

Author(s): Violeta Katinienė / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2017

The paper focuses on two novels – „Das Provisorium“ (2000) by the German writer Wolfgang Hilbig and „Vienos vasaros emigrantai“ (2003) by the Lithuanian writer Valdas Papievis – that were written after the political events which took place at the end of the 20th century (the Fall of the Iron Curtain, the Fall of the Berlin Wall and reunification of Germany and the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania) and, in a certain way, are a response to those events. One of the main objects that the comparative literary research, as an intercultural activity, analyses is the question of the self and the alien. In the novels discussed the alien shows its whole range from the everyday alien to the radical experience of the alien. Thus, in order to research these novels, it is not sufficient to regard the alien merely as the category of cultural alien. The paper is based on the literary hermeneutics concept developed by Andrea Leskoves by expanding the concept of the alien established by one of the greatest modern German philosophers, the phenomenologist Bernhard Waldenfels.

The picture bride phenomenon: A reflection on photography from a cultural perspective in Yoshiko Uchida’s Picture Bride

Author(s): Małgorzata Jarmołowicz-Dziekońska / Language(s): English Issue: 02 (33)/2021

Literature and photography have always encouraged critics to explore interactions between text and image. Within the scope of culture, they also show significant potential in terms of their scholarly application, since the photograph becomes a practical tool for studying literary works within the cultural matrix. The paper aims to use this means of visualisation in order to examine the picture bride phenomenon illustrated in Yoshiko Uchida’s novel Picture Bride (1987), which reveals that behind the veil of apparently prosperous and lifelong marriages, there is a harsh matchmaking system which - solely on the basis of personal networking and Japanese marriage intermediaries - allows for shipping prospective wives from Japan to Japanese immigrants who settled in the United States a few decades earlier. Thus, the photograph constitutes a tool of analysis, which doubles as a tangible means of representation and a factual visualisation of metacognitive imagery.

Дебютни стихосбирки – посоки и търсения на съвременната българска поезия

Author(s): Martina Nedyalkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2021

This paper presents an attempt at analyzing some of the tendencies in recent examples of Bulgarian poetry, as well as at establishing the existence or lack of continuity between said examples and Bulgarian poetic tradition. One significant aspect of the article is its use of the analytical term “poetic generation”, which has served throughout our literary history to help classify the works of budding poets having a similar way of writing – in both thematic and stylistic terms. Through the comparison of the poetic debuts of fourteen authors published in the period 2018–2019, this paper delineates some of the latest thematic explorations, stylistic and linguistic specificities in Bulgarian poetry, while also asking: Do we see signs of a new poetic generation in recent years or not?

Модели на историческото повествование във „Видения из древна България“ на Николай Райнов и „Ден последен – ден Господен“ на Стоян Загорчинов

Author(s): Borislav Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2021

The writer of this paper aims to show the different forms of application of historical fiction through significant literary works, written in the Interwar period. The publication sets its focus on the literary context, the characteristics and structure of “Visions from Ancient Bulgaria” and “The final day, the Lord’s day”. The characters, time, space and language are the units, which model these works of fiction.

Един вълнуващ сборник на споделеността

Author(s): Bilyana Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2021

Отразени идентичности

Author(s): Margarita Staneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2021

Officially Academic Celebration °100 Years After Ivan Vazov°

Author(s): Alexandra Antonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 43/2021