THE FUNCTIONING MECHANISM OF ATTRIBUTIVE METONYMY IN ENGLISH FICTIONAL DISCOURSE

Author(s): Elena V. Anashkina,Olimpiada F. Ivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

This paper deals with discursive attributive metonymy. This linguistic phenomenon is clearly opposed to lexical metonymy as it occurs only in discourse and as such has some distinguishing features: non-frequency, denotation of a situation, semantic discord between the modifier and the modified noun and expressiveness. This research attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis of the functioning mechanism of discursive attributive metonymy. The findings reveal that metonymic transferences in adjectives are based on different types of contiguity between objects and their attributes and in some cases such contiguity is contextually determined. The functioning mechanism involves asymmetric relations between syntactic and semantic functions of an attribute and a syntagmatic shift. Also, in attributive metonymy there is recategorization, i.e. adjectives sometimes change their lexico-grammatical class. In terms of cognitive linguistics, the functioning mechanism is based on the mapping of different mental spaces resulting in conceptual integration and blending. In fictional discourse attributive metonymy is a means to create new occasional meanings and expressiveness.

THE DIFFÉRENED IN PAUL AUSTER’S CITY OF GLASS: A LYOTARDIAN APPROACH

Author(s): Nasser Maleki,Mohammad-Javad Haj’jari / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Postulating on Quinn and the Stillmans’ state of dissipation at theend of Auster’s City of Glass, one can align it with what Lyotard dubs as astate of différend. Lyotard defines différend as a state of clash between twoparties over the distribution of justice which is conventionally made through metanarratives.Since the concept of justice, in Lyotard’s view, has always been in such a waythat there is always justice to one party and injustice to the other one,Lyotard holds that there can be no true justice. Hence Lyotard claims that the appropriatestate of justice in such a condition is the différend, a state of the sublime,of simultaneous pleasure and pain, in which there is no resolution for eitherparty and the clash is always on the run. Extrapolating on this issue, thispaper argues that Quinn and the Stillmans are left in such a state at the endof Auster’s City of Glass, and it is in accordance with the inability oflanguage to signify or to convey meaning effectively as presented by Auster.Quinn develops madness, a consequence of his pain over his identity crisis,while merging as a “Private eye” in the urban world of his pleasure; StillmanSr, suffering the corrupt state of language, finds pleasure and relief in committingsuicide; and Virginia and Peter just vanish, their pleasure or pain being unrepresented,since there is no medium of articulation for their rights. The findings pointto the incommensurability of justice among and specific to these characters alongwith the inability of language to convey any meaning which highlights the stateof the différend that Auster presents. The case remains open as neither party achievesan appropriate justice. Their final disappearance hints to their unpresentablepresences or final painful pleasures.

TOWARDS MONTENEGRO: A LAND OF GIANTS AND PANTHERS

Author(s): Marija Krivokapić,Neil Diamond / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This paper problematizes the caricatural presence of Montenegro on the symbolical map of travellers from the contemporary Anglophone world. To depict the contours of this paradoxical presence, we propose a brief look at the romantic image of the country developed in the last two centuries. While avoiding politicizing, essentializing, and self-stigmatization, we conclude that the absence of the country as a real historical, socio-political, and cultural complexity has been conditioned by its long and manifold isolation. We provide examples from travel writing, tourist and media representations, fiction, and film. Our analysis mostly relies on authorities on the travel-writing genre.

ORIZONT, REVISTĂ A UNIUNII SCRIITORILOR DIN ROMÂNIA, SERIE NOUĂ, DECEMBRIE 2015 NR. 12 (1604) ANUL XXVII

Author(s): Cornel Ungureanu,Marcel Tolcea,Graţiela Benga-Țuțuianu,Alexandru Oravițan,Marian Odangiu,Alexandru Ruja,Alexandru Budac,Victor Neumann,Vladimir Tismăneanu,Mircea Mihăies,Daniel Vighi,Paul Eugen Banciu,Cristian Pătrăşconiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 12/2015

Kamienie szlachetne w literaturze starożytnej Grecji i Rzymu

Author(s): Maria Wichowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

A review of Anna Ryś’s book on mentions of gems and precious stones in the literature of ancient Greece and Rome.

ЛАТИНСКИ ПАНЕГИРИЦИ У СЛУЖБИ ЦАРСКЕ ПРОПАГАНДЕ НА ПРИМЕРУ КОНСТАНТИНА ВЕЛИКОГ

Author(s): Irena Ljubomirović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

This paper is a brief review of the development of Latin prose panegyrics in the fourth century AD. It focuses on the value of panegyrics, which were one of the most important instruments of emperor’s propaganda. I analyzed two panegyrics from 310 and 311, of Constantine the Great, delivered in Trier. With the two examples I showed whether and to what extent the official imperial policy influenced the writing of panegyrics.

DRAMA'S MOMENT OF TRUTH: US/TELL ME LIES ABOUT VIETNAM AND DEATH AND THE MAIDEN

Author(s): Lena Petrović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The paper offers a comparative analysis of two plays sharing a single concern with the tragic mechanism of historical repetition and its causes. US, the collaborative dramatic experiment directed by PeterBrook in 1966, and its 1968 cinematic version Tell Me Lies About Vietnam, re-mastered and released in 2012, and Death and the Maiden, Ariel Dorfman’s 1990 play about the failure of democracy in the post-Pinochet Chile, both rest on the assumption that to adequately address the history of war and holocaust requires more than the disclosure of factual truth. It demands a radical re-examination and alteration of identity - a process involving a kind of re-mythologizing that takes place on a deepest psychic level, the zone of our original core humanness which, buried under the layers of culturally acquired habit of denial, has become impenetrable to truth, and to the reality of the other. The condition, referred to as dis-imagination by the Canadian philosopher Henry Giroux, has traditionally been a challenge to western art, particularly drama: thus, I will argue, the governing purpose of Brook’s and Dorfman’s plays, is to examine the possibilities open to drama of conquering denial and releasing the kind of sympathetic imagination crucial to non-hierarchical ‘I/Thou’ relationship that used to regulate social life in archaic communities, when, according to an increasing number of scientists, the biologically scripted empathy and solidarity were the only conceivable strategy of survival.

Krytyka literacka o prozie Stanisława Wygodzkiego - recepcja, której nie było

Author(s): Helena Datner / Language(s): Issue: 03/2015

Polish literature boasts many works that paint a panorama of the Jews’ fate during the war, including works of outstanding value. However, research done in recent years indicates that the reception of such works, if it existed in the first place, made it possible to overlook the Holocaust. The works by Stanisław Wygodzki, abundant and widely reviewed as they were, make it possible to show how much of the depiction of the Holocaust in his short stories the reviewers notice and draw the readers’ attention to. The critics turn the readers’ attention toward humanistic universalization, which constitutes the neutralization of the Holocaust, while the Poles’ attitudes are only named when they exemplify victorious heroism. The reviewers write about what they regard as an exaggerated emphasis on suffering in Wygodzki’s works, accuse the author of giving in to his obsessions as writer. Sometimes what they write is a simple trivialization of the Jewish experience. The Holocaust is not given its proper name.

IL FLAGELLO DELLE MERETRICI ET LA VIRTù DONNESCA NEI FIGLIUOLI DI GIOVANNI ANtONIO MASSINONI

Author(s): Fabio Boni / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

this article analyses the booklet Il Flagello delle Meretrici et la Virtù Donnesca nei Figliuoli by Giovanni Antonio Massinoni (XVI–XVII centuries). the first part of the article presents a bio-bibliographical profile of the author, based on the little information that is available, and gives an overview of the diffusion of the book. the second part analyses the text. the structure of Il Flagello is presented first in the context of the misogynous tradition; then, La Nobiltà Donnesca nei Figliuoli will be examined. the last section contains an attempt to explain the reasons why two texts that are apparently in contradiction with one another are included in the same book and are part of the book’s title.

LA PATRIA PERDUTA NEI ROMANZI DEGLI AUTORI MAGHREBINI: AMARA LAKHOUSE AMOR DEKHIS

Author(s): Iga Figarska-Bączyk / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Currently, in Italy, the migration of individuals from the Maghreb has increased so dramatically that it is impossible to ignore. Accordingly, there has been an increase in the number of migrant writers originating from these countries. Researchers distinguish three stages of Migrant literature, which are described in this article. this study offers a look at the writings of two Italianspeaking writers of Algerian origin: Amara Lakhous and Amor Dekhis. Both of these writers represent the third stage of Italian migrant literature, that is, the main feature of their writings is that they are fictional, rather than covering topics intensely connected to autobiography, which is typical of the first phrase of migrant literature. the decision to study these two authors in particular is due not only to their choice to write in the same genre (crime fiction) or to their ethnic origin, but, rather, it is due to the recurring theme in their works of the loss of their homeland. this article attempts to find similarities in the writings of Lakhous and Dekhis, such as their having chosen a new language in which to write; the modification of names; the personalisation of the women’s names and the meaning of this personalisation (Algyida, Ilaria, Bagià). Finally, this study explores the topic of homesickness, which is found in the books of both writers. Using Lakhous and Dekhis as examples, this article emphasises the fact that Italian migrant literature is not detached from contemporary Italian literature; indeed, it is an inseparable part of it.

VIVERE E MATURARE PER ACQUISTARE AUTOCOSCIENZA. IL BACIO DEL PANE DI CARMINE ABATE

Author(s): Karol Karp / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Abstract: the article; while focusing on the protagonist-narrator; demonstrates the structures that are typical of the novel of education and consequently points to the genre of the newest work by Carmine Abate; entitled Il Bacio del Pane. Over the course of one summer; Francesco—mostly because of his having met Lorenzo; the main witness in a mob trial who was forced to hide in the ruins of the old mill; near Spillace—turns from a careless teenager into a youth who becomes dramatically aware of such serious problems running in his community as the existence and operation of organised criminal groups. What is presented; then; are the psychological processes that take place in the internal world of the main character; who can also correctly describe the state he finds himself in. the analysis is carried out in relation to different theories (Bachelard; Freud; Jung).

RENESANSOWA RELACJA Z WEJŚCIA NA WULKAN W DE AETNA PIETRA BEMBA. NOWATORSTWO CZY KONTYNUACJA TRADYCJI?

Author(s): Daria Kowalczyk / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Abstract: this article presents how Pietro Bembo described his journey towards the summit of Mount etna; focusing specifically on the journey’s Renaissance connotations and the way that Petrarch’s Epistolae Familiares 4.1 influenced Bembo. there are similarities and differences between Petrarch’s account of climbing Mont Ventoux and Bembo’s text. the aim is to present two sides of Bembo’s descriptions: the innovation; which is that of empiricism; or; rather; illusory empiricism (called as such because of the unlikely probability of an authentic etna explosion; allegedly seen by the author); and the continuation of the literary tradition of writing about etna.

IL POETA SOTTO LA TENDA: REMINISCENZE UNGARETTIANE E SERENIANE NEI VERSI D’ESORDIO DI NELO RISI

Author(s): Salvatore Francesco Lattarulo / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Abstract: L’Esperienza (Experience; 1948) can truly be considered the first stage of Nelo Risi’s (b.1920) poetic career. However; this early work of his was poorly received when it first came out. Some poems of this collection were included in two later editions of a book by the title Polso Teso (Strained Wrist); in the section entitled Le Vacche Magre (Lean Cows). this editorial decision marked the author’s willingness to use his first real poetic work as the starting point of his solid and personally chosen literary journey. However; as a detailed analysis of L’Esperienza reveals; the lyrical onset of the author is still heavily influenced by the literary tradition. As a result; the first section of the book; La Tenda (The Tent); comprises elements borrowed from Giuseppe Ungaretti’s Il Porto Sepolto The Buried Harbour) and Vittorio Sereni’s Diario d’Algeria (Algerian Diary). All of this is in stark contrast with the author’s actual aim; which is to distance himself from literature in order to embrace reality. In particular; the common topos of ‘tent’; which is a narrow and precarious space; becomes the sign of the poet’s permanent condition of imprisonment and also exile after the war. therefore; homecoming is a problematic occurrence because it is very difficult for the poet to return; to come back to himself and thus regain his primary identity.

LE NOZZE DI D’ANNUNZIO. PER UNA LETTURA DELL’ALCAICA PER NOZZE IN PRIMO VERE

Author(s): Claudio Mariotti / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Abstract: the author of this article examines the genesis of D’Annunzio’s Primo vere; published when D’Annunzio was 16 while he attended the famous Cicognini college in Prato. the first edition appeared in 1879 (the second; in the following year) and it was considered a great work; in fact; it was reviewed by Giuseppe Chiarini; one of the most popular writers of his time. Next; the author provides an analysis of Per nozze; one of the Alcaic lyrical poems in D’Annunzio’s book. this ode belongs to an established literary genre (for instance; poems by Catullus; Claudian; theocritus; and Sappho are of this genre); and it is an important one because it allows us to foresee the later and greater D’Annunzio. At the end of the article; the author investigates why D’Annunzio used the Alcaic metre in this ode. It is not only a tribute to Horace (one of D’Annunzio’s favourite poets; in the appendix of Primo vere are some of Horace’s lyrics translated by D’Annunzio); who used this metre in 37 of his poems; there is another reason. In fact; we can establish a parallel between the metre and the ode: the Alcaic one has ascending and descending rhythms like D’Annunzio’s Per nozze; and it is full of happiness (a marriage takes place); but also of sadness; as he wants to underline the brevity of life and its vanity.

SOLUZIONI LEGALI O SCELTA LIBERA: QUALE POLITICA ADOTTARE VERSO GLI ANGLICISMI NELL’ITALIANO CONTEMPORANEO?

Author(s): Małgorzata Karczewska / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Abstract: In contemporary Italian; just like in other languages; numerous english words are used. They are particularly frequent in the terminology of some branches of science; such as computer science; as well as in the language of young people. In this article; we discuss the issue of an appropriate policy to adopt towards these foreign lexical items. Different approaches to the problem are presented: the liberal approach; in which linguists should only describe linguistic realities rather than prescribe the “right” choices; the conscious approach; in which every speaker of Italian should reflect on his or her lexical choices; and the most radical approach; in which some official solutions are to be introduced. One of these solutions is the project of the Consiglio Superiore della Lingua Italiana; whose task would be to protect the Italian language against loanwords of english origin.

LA PECULIARITÀ DEL LINGUAGGIO GIORNALISTICO SPORTIVO IN BASE ALL’ANALISI DEGLI ARTICOLI DELLA GAZZETTA DELLO SPORT

Author(s): Julia M. Murrmann,Patrycja Surmaj / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Abstract: this paper focuses on the language of sports in the press; and its objectives are to analyse the specific linguistic features of the language of sports; to describe their function and to assert their possible impact on sports fans. By means of content analysis; a corpus of articles from a popular Italian sports newspaper; La Gazzetta dello Sport; was investigated in order to examine the stylistic properties typical of the language of sports. Indeed; all of the features described in this article’s review of literature on the language of sports were richly present in the corpus under scrutiny. their role consists in forming opinions; creating attitudes and arousing emotional reactions among readers.

LA DIVA GENTILE. SOAVA GALLONE NELLE RIVISTE CINEMATOGRAFICHE ITALIANE DAL 1915 AL 1925

Author(s): Marialaura Simeone / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Abstract: this article illustrates the critical reception of Soava Gallone; born Stanislava Winawer; according to Italian movie magazines between 1915 and 1925. the career of the Polish actress; who settled in Italy in 1911; developed especially during the golden age of the “Diva-Film”; a proper Italian film genre that focuses attention on female roles and on the characters that they play; of Symbolist and Dannunzian derivation. the actress’ approach to her craft was a far cry from the canons of the “divas” of that time; who were characterised by languid gazes and mannered poses. While Lyda Borelli; Francesca Bertini; Pina Menechelli played mainly “femmes fatales”; Soava Gallone preferred more reassuring characters whose seductive implications were often derived from the cruelty of the male characters. In Avatar (Carmine Gallone; 1915); Gallone played a loyal wife; in Senza Colpa! (Carmine Gallone; 1915); she played an innocent woman forced to defend herself from an attempted rape with homicide; in La Chiamavano Cosetta (eugenio Perego; 1917); she portrayed a womn pushed to false desires for luxury and wrongful wishes; having been ripped from her simple world. Finally; in Il Bacio di Cyrano (1919); Maman Poupée (1919); Amleto e il Suo Clown (1920) and Marcella (1921); she consistently portrayed the same type of character: a gentle woman with angelic features. even the public image she tried to build for herself was that of a reassuring; smart and cultured woman. the photographs depicting her never showed her in poses as seductive as those of Menechelli or Bertini; and for the majority of the columnists of the Italian press of those years; Soava Gallone was described as “the pale blonde creature”; “the beautiful; simple and spontaneous [one]”; the “gentle and pleasing interpreter”.

WŁOSKA OŚWIATA I MYŚL PEDAGOGICZNA W POLSKIEJ LITERATURZE HISTORYCZNO-PEDAGOGICZNEJ

Author(s): Jan Wnęk / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Abstract: the Italian education system and Italian pedagogical thinking have proud traditions. Italian education and its school system aroused and still arouse much interest among Polish educational historians; and numerous books and articles continue to be published on these subjects. these works provide the knowledge of the development of the Italian school system and Italian education across all historical periods; however; humanistic education issues and the meaning of Italy’s pedagogical thinking for the development of new educational concepts are discussed most frequently. Polish educational historians study Saint John Bosco’s and Maria Montessori’s views on education; providing critical analysis of education reforms introduced during Benito Mussolini’s rule. Polish academic works and popular science works published in the last two centuries; which are an interesting source of knowledge for Polish readers; give a compelling account of the Italian education system and Italian pedagogical thinking of the past.there is no doubt that Poles’ knowledge about the development of Italian educational ideals was significantly broadened by numerous historical and pedagogical publications. It should be noted that the most prominent Polish historians of education who speak Italian and know Italy’s archival sources and its rich academic literature had written about Italy’s education. As a result; their works have an important cognitive value; and they show that Poles not only had admired Italian education; but they also had been able to critically assess foreign pedagogical ideals. Additionally; the publications show that; in some historical periods; interest in the Italian education system and Italian pedagogical thought was great (notably; during the Renaissance); while in some centuries (such as the 19th century); it was scant.

PODRÓŻ PRZEZ ARCHIWA

Author(s): Anita Kłos / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Laura Di Nicola (2012). Intellettuali italiane del Novecento. Una storia discontinua. Pisa: Pacini editore; pp. 192.

NIECH ŻYJE KINO. O POLSKO-WŁOSKICH KONTAKTACH FILMOWYCH

Author(s): Katarzyna Biernacka-Licznar / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2015

Anna Miller-klejsa; Monika Woźniak; (red.) (2014). Polsko-włoskie kontakty filmowe. Topika; koprodukcje; recepcja. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego; Wydawnictwo Biblioteki Państwowej Wyż- szej Szkoły Filmowej; telewizyjnej i teatralnej; ss. 215.