(Another) Year Zero: The Commons in a Posthuman Age

Author(s): Horea Poenar / Language(s): English / Issue: 34/2018

The concept of the post-human is now taken for granted and it is part of a series of concepts (post-history, post-theory, post-politics, etc.) that pretend to better define our contemporary times. This paper investigates if – in such a context – there is any place left for the commons. In order to pursue this investigation, we meditate on the way these fashionable concepts function and we try to test the possibility and legitimacy of a few concepts that have been brushed under the carpet by the ideology of our era: act, New Man, truth, Event, etc. It is in this tension between what our epoch (and its academic and rational framework) allows us to think and the courage to open other paths that the problem of the commons proves to be fertile and instructive.

(Auto)biografia jako materiał w badaniach historii równouprawnienia kobiet. Przyczynek do dyskusji

Author(s): Maciej Duda / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

In the article the mechanism of use of autobiographical and biographical record of Polish men supporting emancipatory movements in the second half of the 19th century and in the early 20th century is analyzed. The author compares different records about biographies of Benedykt Dybowski, Kazimierz Keller-Krazuse, Ludwik Krzywicki and Ignacy Radliński. The analysis shows the way in which men supporting women’s emancipation are described by historians. The historians use – equally – autobiographical records, anecdotes and fictionalized biographies to create a picture of these men and, moreover, they collate it with the ideas included in journalistic texts of these authors. In these disclosed the literature should verify the emancipant views that are officially proclaimed by men. Analysed mechanism of appraising the authors on inconsistency of thesis and their private/family life is based on naive making autobiographical and journalistic records equal.

(auto)biografie męskości / mężczyźni i autobiografie

Author(s): Maciej Duda / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

The author of the text asks about locality of masculinity categories. He refers to the framework theories of Raewyn Connell, Pierre Bourdieu and Franco La Cecla and postulates attempt to create local model/local models of masculinity – similarly to glocal use of Edward Said’s theory (e.g. balkanization and postdependence). Autobiographical subjectivity, research of biographies of Polish men supporting emancipatory movements and attempts to write autobiographies and biographies of masculinity included in 19th and 20th-century intimate writing and fiction texts can be the grounds for such a masculinity model.

(Des)Aparição: Vergílio Ferreira na Polônia

Author(s): Gabriel Borowski / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 15/2016

This paper aims to identify and analyse references to the work by the Portuguese writer Vergílio Ferreira (1916‑1996) in the Polish press. It is the first approach towards the issue of the reception of his ouvre in Poland.

(KUMUK DESTANLARININ TEMELİNDE) TÜRK DESTANLARININ GELENEĞİ

Author(s): Tomay Ramazan Hasanoglu / Language(s): English / Issue: 29/2016

Kumuk epics has a rich base not only from the side of quantity, but also quality. Works on Kumuk epic creativity is distinguished by possibility of a wide range of clarification of functional character, typological character, and as a whole specificity of epics. Formulas, epic schemes, development of its tendency of the structure of epics are of crucial importance in order to follow development of Turkish epic creativity. Therefore, research on Turkish epic creativity in different ways seems as one of the significant problems of folk of Turkish people.

(Mis)readings of Contemporary Magical-Realist Fiction in the Context of Romania’s 2000 Literary Generation. The Case of Bogdan Popescu

Author(s): Elena Crasovan / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2017

The analysis offers an overallperspective on the reading response to mag-ical-realist novels from the 1960s to the pres-ent day, focusing on Romanian literature inthe new millennium. Within this context, Ishall analyze Bogdan Popescu’s novel, Who-ever Falls Asleep Last (2007), looking for thetextual, paratextual and contextual causesthat may explain the marginalization and fallinto the waste zone “of the great unread” ofa “masterpiece.”

(Nie) Chcieć być wszystkim. Stawrogin i najgłębsza otchłań Dostojewskiego

Author(s): Michal Kruszelnicki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 24/2015

This paper proposes a new interpretation of Nikolai Vsevolodowich Stavrogin – a relentlessly intriguing character in Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s novel The Devils. This reading opposes the very influential line of interpretation employed in works of thinkers working within the current of Russian symbolism and “cultural renaissance” from the beginning of the 20th century. The author argues that this “religious” interpretive tradition contributes to one of the greatest misunderstand- ings concerning Dostoyevsky’s work in that it oversimplifies its ambivalence and obscures one of Dostoyevsky’s darkest insights into the human soul, initially revealed in Notes From the Under- ground and from that time on recurring in each of his major novels. In the first part of the article, several classic Russian interpretations of Stavrogin are examined in order to show their common tendency to morally judge Stavrogin from the Orthodox point of view, recognize his greatest sin in the lack of faith in God and for that reason see before him only the perspective of self- disintegration and inevitable death. The author argues that “religious” interpretations do not explain the mystery of Stavrogin. What is more, they homogenize the complexity of his character and offer an all-to-easy solution to the vital philosophical problem which reiterates in Dostoyevsky’s entire mature fiction and which finds its greatest artistic representation in Stavrogin himself.

(Nie)obecność Boga osobowego w niemieckiej literaturze drugiej połowy osiemnastego wieku

Author(s): Agnieszka K. Haas / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2016

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake is considered an event that changed the course of world history. It also changed the belief in the Divine Providence popular in the Christian West and confi rmed some philosophers in their skeptical opinion on the so-called Leibnizian optimism. In mid-18th century German writers changed their way of speaking about God and Divinity, which was in part conditioned by the ‘optimism crisis’ characteristic of the period in question.

(Nie)obecność Juliana Tuwima na Litwie

Author(s): Teresa Dalecka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2014

The reception of Polish literature in Lithuania is a complex phenomenon. For a long time there was a dominant trend of expanding the area of Lithuanian literature by incorporating into it some of the Polish-language authors who maintained contacts with Lithuania. As a result, the horizons of national literature naturally broadened. However, the reception of Julian Tuwim’s writing belongs to a different category. It needs to be remembered that in the Soviet period Polish literature offered Lithuanian intellectuals a passage to the outside world. It was in the work of western poets, Tuwim’s work included, that Lithuanian authors sought ways of expanding their avant-garde forms and dictions. Tuwim’s poetry has been largely read in its original, Polish version; therefore, there are few books collecting his poems. However, the influence of Tuwim’s work is recognized by some experts in translations of his work. However, Tuwim was made publicly known in Lithuania thanks an argument over the naming one of the street in Vilnius after his name. The article analysis public reactions to this argument and shows how this non-literary event made Tuwim a public figure in the country.

(Nie)przygotowani. Metafora szkoły w polskiej poezji współczesnej

Author(s): Kamila Czaja / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2018

The dissertation focuses on the – underrepresented in the state of research – subject of metaphor of school in the contemporary Polish poetry. The inspirations drawn from the works on the subject of the cognitive metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson) and the development of this theory on the poetic matter (Lakoff and Turner), from the papers written in the field of anthropology of education, from the partial analyses of the works by poets using the school scenes and terminology and, at last, from philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and sociological studies on mutual connections between education and non-school world allow to see the multifaceted application of the large metaphor LIFE IS A SCHOOL in the poetry. To show this large-scale subject (both in the aspect of the time-frame and poetic diction or genre) in a systematic way, the thesis consists of two parts, which are the result of two complementary approaches. The first part of the dissertation, Stages, is dedicated to the metaphor of school existing in the Polish poetry of two different periods – the years 1945–1989 (the escape from politics into the universal metaphors of school versus the use of school language as the way to beat the Polish People’s Republic system at its own game) and the new Polish poetry (the last works by the Old Masters, the transformation of the anti-system poetry after 1989, the poems forerunningthe latest poetic strategy, the anti-school statements by the authors who emerged after 1989 and their inclination to use the metaphor of school). This chronological conceptualization of the subject allows to present the intergenerational similarities and differences in including the school scenes, characters, objects and terms in the poetry, but at the same time it shows that the metaphor of school is formed partly under the influence of external (historical, political, social) factors, so this figure can be used not only as the universal large metaphor, but also as the instrument of verbalization of the experiences and changes associated with the specific events.The second part of the thesis, Topics, serves as the examination of those elements of school reality that build the metaphors connected with education. The school accessories, the educational institutions and stages, the teachers and the students, the timetable (lessons, tutoring, truancy, summer breaks), as well as the methods of evaluation of the educational performance appear in the contemporary Polish poetry in various forms and turn out to be the way to verbalize a wide range of existential experiences.The timelessness of school as the large metaphor of life and the specific strategies of metaphorization that change with time both contribute to versatility of this kind of poetic practices – the practices that are able to express different aspects of life metaphorically by the means connected with school. Love and death, past, present and future, self-recognition and the knowledge of the Other become more accessible and understandable when they are presented as the elements of “education” – even if the findings drawn from those “lessons”on the human condition can be really disheartening.

(Nie)szczęśliwy happy end. O szczęściu w literaturze dla dzieci i młodzieży (na przykładzie powieści Panna Nikt Tomka Tryzny)

Author(s): Aleksandra Szwagrzyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

Happy ending is known to every reader and viewer. Happy endings is present in the culture of antiquity. In the literature for children happy ending is often unhappy, goes only unhappy. Science of happiness (polish term: felicyto-logia) answer questions on happiness in the literature for children and young people. Doing an analysis of the novel in 1994 under the title "Miss Nobody", author: Tomek Tryzna. The novel is about an adolescent girl who is going through a lot of drama. It has various difficult problems, can not find happiness. Her happiness turns out to be really bad luck. The girl decides to commit suicide, because she is very lonely and does not understand her family and friends. She has the nickname 'nobody', invented his friends. Nick shows that Mary is insignificant person. Marysia falls with love twice in her friends – Kasia end Ewa. Friends do not love her. Happiness and sadness always come together in her life. Children's literature shows how happiness and unhappiness are together in life. The concept of (un)happiness is necessary to describe a novel for young readers, where happiness is often bittersweet.

(Nie)topika Zagłady w NN „Opowieściach zasłyszanych”

Author(s): Katarzyna Kuczynska-Koschany / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

The article is a twofold attempt: at re‑reading the category of a topos after the Shoah and at interpreting the particular record of the oral history in the context of the liminal metamorphoses the notion of the topoi – crucial in European culture and literature – has undergone. In the first part of the text, the author recapitulates the studies on the aforementioned category – from Aristoteles to the twentieth century scholars (Curtius, Lausberg, Ziomek, Abramowska, Panas); in the second part, she tries to apply it in interpretative practice.

(Para)literacki wymiar reklamy

Author(s): Magdalena Lachman / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2016

The impulse to write this article came with the recognition that among the various ways to define and characterize advertising the ones which emphasize – either intentionally or unintentionally – the variously understood (para)literary nature of the phenomenon occupy a prominent position. The belief that advertising can be regarded as a variety or specific manifestations of literature reveals itself on various occasions and in a wide variety of sources (not necessarily oriented towards literary studies): in academic research, literary criticism, essay and column writing, journalism and popular publications. The author does not seek to determine whether and under what conditions advertising complies with the requirements of a literary work, but rather adopts a reconstructive attitude and looks for an answer to the question, due to what properties and factors advertising is sometimes viewed in literary (or, more broadly, artistic) terms, and what arguments are used in support of this thesis, as well as what results from this type of beliefs for literary art itself, its condition, cultural rank and status quo.

(Pseudo)Polonisms in Joseph Conrad’s Amy Foster and Prince Roman and Their Polish Translations

Author(s): Ewa Kujawska-Lis / Language(s): English / Issue: XIV/2012

Joseph Conrad’s language has been subject to various analyses regarding its uniquenessstemming from the writer’s trilingualism. Scholars have traced diverse influences from theFrench and Polish languages in this writer’s artistic output. Nevertheless, the effects of suchinfluences are not thoroughly discussed. This article attempts to take a critical look at theoutcomes deriving from the appearance of phrases which may be classified as Polonisms orpseudo-Polonisms in two short stories Amy Foster and Prince Roman and their translationsinto Polish. In the former story, untypical phrasings which may have been calqued fromPolish serve to emphasise the alienation of the character of Yanko, in the latter, expressionswhich are generally common for both English and Polish highlight both the distinctivenessof Polish culture and its affinity with the European cultural setting. Unfortunately, in thetranslations into the language from which such linguistic or cultural concepts originated, sucheffects are much less distinctive.

(Re-)Visionen von Galizien: Transgenerationale Reisenarrative zwischen Wiederentdeckung, Rekonstruktion und Imagination

Author(s): Magdalena Baran-Szoltys / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2015

After the transition of 1989 numerous texts were published dealing with travels in the (post-)Galician space. Being part of a long tradition of travels to Austrian Galicia from late eighteenth century, present-day travel leads to a historical space that does not exist anymore but is present in literature, different national narratives and family lore. The article concentrates on one group of these texts in Polish and German literature – transgenerational travels. Using the example of Sabrina Janesch’s novel Katzenberge (2010), the paper traces travels along the tracks of her own family history. The travelers are mainly descendants of “Galicians” who emigrated or were resettled. The paper claims that the aim of the texts is to reconstruct the stories of the travellers’ ancestors and their own through the journey and make them accessible to future generations. Furthermore, the texts revise the inherited images of Galicia: they do not reject but rather update them.

(Re)wizje naturalizmu w świetle badań nad zwierzętami (animal studies). Rekonesans

Author(s): Dariusz Piechota / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

The main question discussed in this article is: Can we re-interpret naturalism’s novels or short stories from a non-human perspective? The researchers of animal studies perceive the world as an ecosystem where humans, animals, and plants live in a symbiosis. They also perceive the human as a part of nature. Moreover, with regard to Charles Darwin’s discoveries, it is worth to mention that the theorists of naturalism called the human being an animal. Naturalists introduce a new protagonist into literature called the animal hero. Thanks to animal studies, he is perceived as a subject, not a thing (as was the case earlier). What is more, we can reconstruct different relations between species. One of the most important problems for naturalism and animal studies is empathy towards other creatures. Naturalists, as well as the researchers of animal studies, use different tools to analyse and interpret novels and short stories. First of all, they introduce different narrators in order to be objective. Furthermore, they indicate parallelisms between the human and animal world, they avoid subjective comments, and sometimes they use the strategy called the stream of consciousness to present other creatures’ thoughts.

(Saha Türklerinin Destanı) Nurgun Batır Destanı

Author(s): Erdogan Altinkaynak,Aygül Bolotova Altinkaynak / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 25/2015

(Super)matka wcielona w superbohatera(kę). O Grach domowych i Supermatkach Elżbiety Jabłońskiej

Author(s): Natalia Kotarba-Nicijewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2016

The present article is an attempt to examine the projects of modern Toruń artist Elżbieta Jabłońska entitled Home games and Supermatka, co-creating a kind of cycle that his eloquence both fits perfectly into the discussion on the transformation / travesty myth superheros and his revelation in the form of “(syndrome) Superwoman” and revises the same problem / issue and all its cultural implications. In this text I made attempts to investigate the above-mentioned works of Elżbieta Jabłońska, pointing to the whole spectrum of issues and problems that this kind of analysis is initiates. Use by Jabłońska compound word and image, the phenomenon of visual resume, the problem of art as a statement of mass and soliloquy at the same time, the importance of lifetimes in the form of various superheroes, a reference to the types of representational of the Virgin Mary, the concept of the game in terms of Roger Caillosa and developed by Eric Berne’s transactional analysisThe present article is an attempt to examine the projects of modern Toruń artist Elżbieta Jabłońska entitled Home games and Supermatka, co-creating a kind of cycle that his eloquence both fits perfectly into the discussion on the transformation / travesty myth super heroes and his revelation in the form of “(syndrome) Superwoman” and revises the same problem / issue and all its cultural implications. In this text I made attempts to investigate the above-mentioned works of Elżbieta Jabłońska, pointing to the whole spectrum of issues and problems that this kind of analysis is initiates. Use by Jabłońska compound word and image, the phenomenon of visual resume, the problem of art as a statement of mass and soliloquy at the same time, the importance of lifetimes in the form of various superheroes, a reference to the types of representational of the Virgin Mary, the concept of the game in terms of Roger Caillosa and developed by Eric Berne’s transactional analysis

(Авто)біографічна фальсифікація як знаряддя десакралізації канонічного автора (“Трагедія Артура” А. Філіпса)

Author(s): Natalia Vysotska / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 91/2015

Due to a number of socio-cultural factors biography (sub)genre “аuthor as character” has become fairly popular in current biographic writings. It is no wonder that William Shakespeare – the central figure in the Western canon according to H. Bloom – is one of its favorite “heroes”. In his novel The Tragedy of Arthur (2011) Arthur Phillips increasingly referred to as one of the most promising American writers of his generation engages his readers in a sophisticated play carried out around Shakespeare as a cult person. The play is centered on Shakespeare’s “unknown” tragedy; its text is incorporated into the novel being a masterful stylization imitating conventions and language of Elizabethan drama. The bulk of the novel has the form of an Introduction to the play relating the latter’s story which is simultaneously the story of the protagonist’s (the writer Arthur Phillips’) personal and professional coming of age. The paper sets out to explore the strategies the novelist deploys to tackle topical issues of present-day humanities. These include institutionalizing of the canon; machinery of literary cult functioning; blending borders between the original and the copy/forgery in the age of electronic technologies; limits of autofiction, etc. The timeliness of these issues guarantees Phillips’ daring experiment no small degree of interest both in its matter and its form.

(Бер)нардијева соба: оригинал фалсификата

Author(s): Svetlana M. Rajicic Peric / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 48/2012

As the result of reading there are two types of reading novel Bernardie’s Room by Slobodan Tišma. First version of interpretation is founding of hypertextual connections, while the second gives few ideas of this novel of ideas. Basic thread follows the transformation of this conception from platonic idea to idea in the age of mechanical reproduction of art.