ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ISO/TC 37 LANGUAGE AND TERMINOLOGY

Author(s): Oksana Tur / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2018

Purpose of article is an identification of the activities of ISO / TC 37 Language and Terminology and its working groups. The methodology of the research is to apply a descriptive method based on the opposition and the adoption of subjective interpretation, which allowed the determination of the directions of activity ISO / TC 37 Language and Terminology. The scientific novelty of the work is the author’s desire to identify the main areas of activity of the subcommittees and working groups ISO / TC 37. Conclusions. The study of the activities of the International Organization for Standardization will help to harmonize private normative acts (standards). The article will attract the attention of the specialists of the branch of sciences of the documentary-communication cycle.

ТЕСТИРАЊЕ У НАСТАВИ ИТАЛИЈАНСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА –СТУДЕНТСКА ПЕРСПЕКТИВА

Author(s): Dragana Mirčić Panić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

After a short theoretical introduction, this essay presents a research based on the idea of a student as an active participant, a subject in the teaching-learning process. The goal of the first questionnaire was to find the most relevant aspects of foreign language learning from the student’s perspective, while the second question- naire led us to findings about elements which, in students’ opinions, an exam should include. The resulting data were processed by the method of frequency analysis and then compared. The inconsistency of the answers from the two questionnaires confirms our starting hypothesis that on the one hand, students stress the ability to communicate successfully, i.e. to understand and speak the language in question, as the most important aspect of foreign language learning, while on the other hand, they associate testing to a lesser extent with these complex skills, expressing a remarkable tendency towards a fragmented and analytical perception of language in the course of determining the degree of the acquisition of language knowledge.

Технология формирования гипертекстовой компетенции в контексте обучения иностранным языкам в ВУЗе

Author(s): Natalia Severova,Dana Bartosh,Maria Kharlamova,Elena Stoyanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2020

The article is devoted to the problem of developing students’ skills and abilities to work with hypertext as the main information unit in the information society. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the need for targeted training of students to work with hypertext in the target language and to develop a technology for the formation of hypertext competence in the context of teaching foreign languages. The basis for identifying the specifics of hypertext and determining the constituent components of hypertext competence was the reliance on systemic and typological approaches using methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. Theoretical and methodological analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature in combination with empirical methods (observation, questioning) made it possible to substantiate the need to develop students’ skills and abilities to work with hypertext, to study the experience of students with texts of this type and to develop a technology for the formation of hypertext competence. In order to test the hypothesis put forward and the effectiveness of the developed technology for the formation of hypertext competence in teaching a foreign language, experimental training was carried out. In the course of the study, the specifics of hypertext were determined from the point of view of linguistics and linguodidactics, and the components of hypertext competence were identified. Based on the experience of students working with hypertext, difficulties were identified and the main tasks of targeted training in working with these texts were identified, the result of which is the formation of hypertext competence. Hypertext is a modern informational phenomenon, the ability to work with which is becoming key today both in the professional and everyday spheres. Possession of hypertext competence allows you to rationally use external sources to obtain additional information, design an individual information space and thus contribute to the creation of your own educational trajectory. The developed technology for the formation of hypertext competence involves phase-by phase training in working with hypertext. This technology relies on the experience of working with “traditional” text, but taking into account the specifics of hypertext, and focuses on mastering a new strategy for working with information.

ТИПОЛОГИЯ ГЛАВНЫХ ЧЛЕНОВ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ В СЛАВЯНСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ / Typologia głównych członów zdania w językach słowiańskich

Author(s): Iryna Kononenko / Language(s): Russian

The monograph presents a typological analysis of the main parts of two-part and single-member sentences in 15 Slavonic languages based on national, parallel and multi-language corpora. The research allows to identify universal syntax features of these languages as well as to define the characteristics of a group or a single language.

ТИПОЛОГИЯ НА ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЯТА МЕЖДУ ГРАМАТИЧЕСКИТЕ КАТЕГОРИИ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2020

The main purpose of this paper is to propose a classification of the types of relations between grammatical categories in the Bulgarian language. The theoretical basis of the study is the view that cross-categorial relations are relations between semantic features constituting the meanings of grammemes in the content plan. Two main criteria for the classification of the types of cross-categorial relations are distinguished: absence/presence of non-trivial combinations between the features of grammemes from different categories (i.e. combinations that are not mere sums of the individual features of the grammemes) and absence/presence of a formal change in one of the categories. These criteria distinguish between non-interdependence (trivial relations) and interdependence (non-trivial relations); and within the interdependence, further division is no-ted between interrelation (non-trivial relations with no formal change) and interaction (non-trivial relations with a formal change). The paper analysis postulates the existence of two subtypes of interconnection and of three subtypes of interaction between grammatical categories in the Bulgarian language.

Типология неизосемических реализаций пропозиционального аргумента (на материале польского и русского языков)*. Часть 2

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2019

The subject of the article is non-izosemic syntactic realizations of propositionalarguments as components of sentence content, implicated by the lexical verb meaningin the position of predicate according to its valence predisposition. A linguistic analysisand description is based on the functional syntactic theory, especially on the explicativesyntactic theory, whose foundations were worked out by S. Karolak, as well as the Polishschool of semantic syntax. The author has identified and analysed in the aspect of functionalsyntax the following types of syntactic transformations: implication, separation(replacement), loose connection, self-empowerment, conversion, blending, restructuring,simplification (creation of compact groups), transposition and definitization. The materialis served by simple and complex sentences excerpted from the texts as well as the languagecorpora in the Polish and Russian languages; the information is sometimes referredto other languages (for example, English). Describing the full/discrete and incomplete/indiscreet syntactic representations of propositional arguments, the author takes intoaccount three aspects: meaning (semantic function), form (belonging to the grammaticalclass) and syntactic position (of the verb, of the noun, independent and others).

Типология неизосемических реализаций пропозиционального аргумента (на материале польского и русского языков). Часть 1

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

Титрологични лексикални стратегии в случая „Елена Поптодорова“ в българската преса

Author(s): Vasil Koinarev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

Results from a research on titrological lexical strategies in periodicals, describing Elena Poptodorova’s cream theft from a Polish airport, is presented in this article. The case has been covered by our media for 3 weeks now. 22 newspapers have been used for the purpose of this research – national and regional daily and monthly ones. Only titles, containing the word ‘Elena Poptodorova’ have been taken into account.

Тональные контуры русских да-нет-вопросов в условиях болгарской интерференции

Author(s): Tatiana Aleksieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2022

Просодия русского языка является самым сложным аспектом даже для выпускников болгарских университетов, изучающих русский язык. Цель настоящего доклада – проанализировать, какими тональными контурами болгарские учащиеся реализуют русские да-нет-вопросы. Материалом экспериментально-фонетического исследования явился небольшой корпус минидиалогов на русском и болгарском языках. В эксперимента принимало участие шесть носителей болгарского языка. Интонационные контуры и тональные акценты болгарских студентов сопоставлялись с образцами речи носителей языка. Записи обработаны акустически и нотированы вручную с помощью программы PRAAT с использованием ToRI. Результаты исследования позволяют спрогнозировать возможные отклонения от норм просодической системы изучаемого языка.

Топоними от турски езиков произход от югозападната част на Сърнена Средна гора

Author(s): Christo Saldžiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2004

Топонимика западного побережья Чудского, Теплого и Псковского озер в аспекте оппозиции “свой” – “чужой”

Author(s): Valentina Shchadneva / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2018

The article is devoted to toponyms of the western coast of Lake Peipus, Lake Teploe and Lake Pskov. Firstly, the article discusses the names of the villages in which the Old Believers live. Two ways in which the idea of “own”–“alien” is realized in toponyms are considered. In the first case we are talking about interaction, about the mutual influence of languages: Estonian geographical names are russified, adapted grammatically and phonetically (Raja — Ра́я / Раюша / Ра́юши), and Russian ones are estonified (Воронья́ — Ва́рнья / Varnja). The “alien” is assimilated and eventually becomes “own”, which means the realization of the idea of “own“–“alien” in the language itself. In the second case we are talking about the use of toponyms in everyday communication. Speech practice shows that the Russian population of the coast uses place names depending on the addressee, but preference is given primarily to Russians, as well as long-adapted Estonian-born nominations that are perceived as their own. This is an ethno-confessional identity.

Топонімотвірний формант як виразник темпоральності ойконіма

Author(s): Vira Kotovicz / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2018

The author stresses the fact that the time is anthropocentric: in the language and in the culture it is perceived through the prism of human life. Two ways of reading time in oikonyms are identified as the most important: the examination of proper names of settlements with components old and new, and the word building analysis, in which time correlates with the oikonym building model, which is characteristic of a specific period of the society development. In the research the author focuses her attention on the second of these ways. It has been noted that taking the oikonym building formant into consideration, we can single out oikonyms of the old Ukrainian (princely) period; names of the settlements of the old Ukrainian epoch (XIV−XVII centuries); oikonyms of the new Ukrainian time (late ХVІІІ–ХІХ centuries). In the names of the settlements of the postwar period of the XX century, which appeared as a result of renaming, and in the names of the settlements of the early XXI century with renovated former or assigned modern names, the suffix is not an indication of temporality. Extra lingual information contributes to time establishing of these names. It has been clarified that possessives with formants *-jь (*-j-а, *-j-е), -ів (<*-ovъ), -ин (<*-inъ); names-pluratives with formants -ичі (<*-іtj-i), -ани/ -яни (<*-any/*-jany), -івці (<*-оvьci), -инці (<*-inьci); oikonyms with formants -ськ /-цьк (<*-ьskъ), -н (<*-ьn), -ець (<*-ьcь), -иця (<*-ic-a) are the explicators of the ancient period of founding and naming settlements. At the same time the presence of the formant -івк-а, -к-а, -иха, -(щ)ин-а in an oikonym is an indication that the name of the settlement is new. It has been stressed that linguistic data can have a claim on objectivity only in combination with extra lingual (historical, cultural) information. New names could be formed by archaic pattern, so the suffix in them performed only a formal function and was a means of toponymisation. Single oikonyms with the latest formants appeared also in ancient documents, that is why it is inappropriate to categorically state the impossibility of founding such names in the Middle Ages or even earlier. It has been stated that modern oikonyms have undergone many modifications; suffixes were changed the most; that is why only the synchronous and diachronic analysis of onym enables the real-time vision of founding and naming a settlement. It has been proved that time as an important aspect of human consciousness, determined by the mother tongue and the national culture, leaves epoch colouring unique for each ethnos in the names of settlements.

ТОСКА, czyli jak się mówi o smutku po rosyjsku i po polsku (na wybranych przykładach literackich)

Author(s): Leokadia Styrcz-Przebinda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2017

The article focuses on ways of expressing sadness in Russian and Polish, particularly on thefeatures of the linguo-cultural concept of ТОСКА, which is difficult to express in translation.Selected translation decisions are analysed of quotations from literary classics from variousepochs, such as Maria Dąbrowska, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz or Aleksander Wat – as translatorsof Chekhov. Some examples from Old Russian and Romantic epochs are discussed too inJulian Tuwim’s translation into Polish and Wilhelm Lewik’s into Russian. It is confirmed thatfor some concepts, such as ТОСКА, ДУША, СУДЬБА, no corresponding ones exist in otherlanguages and other linguo-cultural equivalents need to be proposed.

Традиционно и модерно, стереотипи и интерпретации във вестник „Родолюбец“ на Илия Йовчев

Author(s): Daniela Belichovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

Iliya Yovchev is the first Bulgarian journalist in America and the first Bulgarian newspaper correspondent in the USA. He is an amazing polyglot. His occupation is a writer, theatre person and translator. He is famous as the “father” of Bulgarian emigration in America. His newspaper “Rodoliyubets”, which comes out in two copies at the end of the XIX century, is a valuable document about the life, way of thinking and the socio-political and cultural development of our country during the Revival period – until the end of the XIX century. “Rodoliyubets” is the first Bulgarian newspaper meant for the whole family. The author breaches the subjects of the relationship between the man and the woman, marriage and upbringing of children, politics, literature, history, culture and art. He appeals for the modernization of our larger cities and their development in accordance with the European image. He criticizes some of our politicians. With his newspaper, Yovchev lays down the foundations of an important rapprochement and reconciliation between the Bulgarian and American peoples.

ТРАКИЙСКАТА ТОПОНИМИЯ ДО КРАЯ НА І ХИЛ.ПР.ХР.

Author(s): Svetlana Yanakieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 21/2016

The study of Thracian toponymy with a view to chronology has different aspects. The history of each source gives a more precise picture of the chronology of the attesting of the data. Tracing the chronology of emergence is of greater significance both in linguistic and in historical plan. Owing to the areal positioning of toponymic isoglosses or isoglosses of toponymic elements, the conclusion reached in the study concerns the chronology of the emergence of groups of toponyms united by common characteristics. Tracing their propagation leads to the conclusion that the oldest layer of Thracian toponymy has lexical and word-forming parallels with the pre-Greek toponymy in the southern and western parts of the Balkan Peninsula and in Asia Minor. There is a newer layer that demonstrates lexical parallels only within the Thracian linguistic space. It comprises the settlement names with two roots and with second components recurring repeatedly, whose dissemination occurred successively throughout the first millennium BC. On the whole, the models for the formation of the Thracian toponymy were completed by the end of the first millennium BC.

Транслитерация, фонологична и фонетична транскрипция при предаването с кирилица на съгласните в датски собствени имена в преводната литература на български език

Author(s): Vladimir Naydenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2-3/2022

The focus of the article is the variation in the transcription of Danish consonants into Bulgarian Cyrillic, as observed in the renditions of Danish names found in texts published from the 1970s to the mid 2010s. The variation is interpreted as a consequence of the tension and vacillation between the principles of phonetic transcription, phonemic transcription and transliteration. While increasing tendencies towards phonetic transcription are observed, some forms of transliteration persist, and methodological inconsistency is widespread.

Транспарентный „белый” — размышления о семантике

Author(s): Andrzej Narloch / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The article describes the semantic structure of the adjective “white” in the Russian language. The author bases his analysis on R. Tokarski's theory of two meanings of the colour white. The article formulates a hypothesis on the existence of so-called 'transparent whiteness'. His analysis uses lexicographical data taken from contemporary Russian dictionaries as well as historical data.

Трансфер и интерференция при изучаването на български език като чужд от славяни

Author(s): Elena Krejčová / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The linguistic phenomena we encounter in teaching Bulgarian as a foreign language are focused not only on the field of psycholinguistics, but also to the vast field of applied linguistics and linguistic pragmatics. Having on mind the genetic proximity between Slavic languages and the specific difficulties in studying them, we focus our attention on a not so typical linguistic interference, namely between very close – Slavic – languages, one of them is a mother, first language. In the proces of teaching of Bulgarian as a foreign language of Slavs even greater role has the comparative and confrontational analysis, because the aim is to highlight the differences between Bulgarian and other closely related languages that can be a prerequisite for any errors, distortions arising from language contacts observed by us in this specific psycholinguistic situation. The text reflects the problems of tranfer and interference between Czech and Bulgarian in the proces of their study. There are some defenitions of the proces of transfer and interference from psycholinguistical point of view and then language material with examples of the interference in the process of translation.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО КОНТЕКСТА В ЯЗЫКОВОМ СОЗНАНИИ: ИДЕИ, ИДОЛЫ, ИДЕАЛЫ

Author(s): Maria Aleksandrovna Pilgun / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2017

The present paper is of high relevance, because this year marks the 100th anniversary of the events of 1917, which forces us to reconsider the situation of that time. The subjects of the study are reflections of the ideological paradigm of the October Revolution in the consciousness of today’s young Russian people. The purpose of the study is to analyze changes in the attitude to the events of 1917 and the opinion of the modern Russian Society on them. The empirical material was investigated using content analysis with the AutoMap software. The results of the study show that young people today think that the October Revolution of 1917 is an important event of the 20th century, only, while the February Revolution is almost missing in their linguistic consciousness. The most popular is the idea of social justice. Among the historical characters of the events of 1917, the images of Lenin and Stalin stand out. The study has also revealed the high efficiency of the sacred ideals of Christianity as the basis for the formation of a new world order idols in Russia.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ КАК СРЕДСТВО ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ЯЗЫКОВОГО КОДА

Author(s): Irina Vitalievna Matytsina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5-6/2019

The paper focuses on the features of the Russian and Swedish languages of formal business communication and transformations that are used while translating business texts from Russian into Swedish (and from Swedish into Russian). Transformation is understood as different types of changes of the phrase structure. The study was performed to show typological differences between Russian and Swedish that are indicated by the choice of correspondences used as translation solutions. The comparative and contrastive analyses showed similarities and differences in the semantics and structure of the studied units. Examples were provided to demonstrate that, in case of Russian-Swedish translation of formal texts, transformations in the phrase typically include changes in sentence and speech parts. Translating from Russian into Swedish favors, firstly, strengthening of the nominative, static component in the Russian translation as compared to the Swedish original, and, secondly, verbalizing of the syntactic structure, conversion of nouns (primarily, abstract ones) into verb forms.