"Волк" и "волколак" в славянской традиции в связи с архаическим ритуалом

Author(s): Vasilij Balušok / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 13/2001

The article is an attempt to reveal the correlation of the concepts of wolf and werewolf and the ritual of initiation in Indo-European peoples. Rich folklore-oriented, linguistic and ethnographic documentation has revealed that the transformation of a person into a wolf or a dog took place in critical moments of one’s life, such as the transition from adolescence to adulthood. On becoming adults, young men had to prove their valour, courage and unyielding attitude towards an enemy. The features constituted the basis of the future existence of an individual and the whole community.In various sources relating to Slavonic cultures, the motif of initiation, manifested by the transition of a person into a wolf, is present in the tradition of the wedding reception, in war campaigns, in the practice of looting or in admission to particular professional circles.

#ForgiveUsForWeHaveSinned:

Conceptual integration theory and political Internet humour

Author(s): Nihada Delibegović Džanić,Sanja Berberović / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the paper is to uncover the extent to which different forms of political Internet humour can criticise current political affairs in a developing democracy such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. Specifically, applying a cognitive linguistic theory of meaning construction, namely conceptual integration theory, the paper analyses the construction of meaning of humorous Internet forms, such as memes, demotivational posters, hashtag posts, and memetic photographs, representing innovative ways of providing political commentaries on current political affairs. The meaning of political humour is constructed in conceptual blending as a basic cognitive mechanism. As it is claimed (Coulson & Pascual 2006, Coulson & Oakley 2006, Coulson 2006, Oakley & Coulson 2008) that blending can be used as a rhetorical tool influencing the audience to change the reality and even act upon it, the analysis of the construction of meaning of political humour as products of conceptual integration can reveal hidden ideologies in political discourse.

#naukanatwitterze. O multimodalnym designie informacji w dyskursie cyfrowym

Author(s): Magdalena Makowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 7/2020

The subject of the article are the ways of popularizing scientific and popular science knowledge by using Twitter as a social media platform. The research corpus comprises 100 tweets which come from institutional and individual senders, including both representatives of the world of science as well as of the media that aim to popularize scientific knowledge. As a result of the medialinguistic analysis, which focused on the structural and functional plane of the studied media texts, the high representativeness of multimodal tweets was noted. Namely, language and image contextualize each other: the image allows us to fill the semantic gap resulting from the ellipticalness of the verbal layer of a given tweet. Thus, the contribution of the multimodal information design to knowledge transfer in digital discourse has been demonstrated.

(De)Constructing Leadership through Ritualised Discourse

Author(s): Gabriela Scripnic / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2019

This study deals with the notion of leadership, envisaged broadly as the quality of a head of state to lead his people towards a common goal while conveying the image of a role-model by both his actions and statements. During his presidential term, a head of state is confronted with many institutionalised contexts where he is expected to issue an official speech. From the numerous official speeches that a president is likely to deliver, I have chosen to dwell on one of the most ritualised discursive sequences, namely the presidential greetings on New Year’s Eve, in order to highlight how the presidential ethos is built through discursive and extra-discursive elements. In this context, I have taken into account the greetings of the Romanian ex-President, Traian Băsescu, from the period 2004-2013 (he was elected twice) with a view to analysing both the purely discursive devices (speech acts, appellatives, semantic content emphasized) and the extra-linguistic elements (place where the discourse is delivered, communication channel). The analysis aims at answering the following questions: Can we consider the presidential greetings and the choices made within and outside the discourse itself as indirect evidence of the diminution of the public support that the president had benefited from? Do the greetings emphasize the president’s effort to adapt to his audience while maintaining the tradition of a well-established ritual?

(En)Jeux esthétiques de la traduction. Éthique(s) et pratiques traductionnelles

Author(s): / Language(s): French

The aesthetics, ethics and practices of translation have long formed subjects of research and reflection of varying visibility depending on the translation school, era and ideology. This fact is still relevant nowadays, even if it is true that for some time a process of de-atomization can be noticed in the translation studies field. At the initiative of the ISTTRAROM-Translationes research group, the colloquium held on March 26th and 27th 2010, at the West University of Timisoara (Romania) proposed to consider this theme under multiple aspects and look at the progress and achievements in translation studies research. The objective was threefold: to draw up an assessment of the various theories which for a long time constituted the basis of translational (aesthetic and / or ethical) approaches, to examine many aspects related to the aesthetics of translation, to relaunch the debate on the fundamental rights and duties of both literary and specialized translator.

(Ne)cenzurirana psovka u publicističkom diskursu

Author(s): Jelena Ilić-Plauc / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 13/2020

This paper aims to bring up a discussion on the topic that most 20th-century eminent linguists used to ignore and marginalize as being considered peripheral and not serious and worthy of academic research. It is rather interesting that linguists, anthropologists, sociologists and psychologists were neglecting this issue, sporadically and unsystematically dealing with it, although being aware that swearwords are one of the most common words and phrases in most languages. Thus, the lack of research and analyses goes in favor of the aforementioned statement. Indeed, swearword presents a linguistic polyfunctional phenomenon, and it has just recently started to be taken seriously, discussed and researched on the world as well as the European linguistic scene. So, this paper contributes to this overall swearing research, as it is being based on a qualitative analysis of the collected examples found in the mass media, that have been chosen according to the censored swearword found in the online article’s headline. Fourteen online portals from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro have been taken for the corpus, data monitored from October to December 2019. The main hypothesis is that swearwords, though more common in a conversational functional style, are omnipresent in written, online media, and thus journalistic discourse. This has been supported by the fact that the frequency of uncensored swearwords present in the media is almost the same as the frequency of censored swearwords, while descriptive swearwords happen to be an extremely rare occurrence. Obscene vocabulary in journalistic discourse is a complex linguistic, psychological, sociological, cultural and ethnological phenomenon, and it can also be suggested that swearwords bear exceptional elasticity and adaptability features.

(Nie)grzeczna asertywność w miłości. Zachowania bohaterów powieści Achilleusa Tatiosa

Author(s): Robert Krzysztof Zawadzki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2020

The author of the article provides an inside view of one of the most famous Greek novels The Adventures of Leukippe and Kleitophon written by Achilleus Tatios from Alexandria. By exploring some aspects of the plot of the novel (terrifying dangers, complicated adventures, tortures, shipwrecks, attacks by pirates and robbers, guiles), the behavior of the two protagonists towards other people who prevented their love comes into focus. In order to fathom Leukippe and Kleitophon, it is necessary to grasp the importance of the ancient art of rhetoric and its influence on the diction of the protagonists. The article can contribute to a better understanding of the Achilleus Tatios’ characteristic style as well as the manner in which he created the plot of his novel.

(Nie)grzeczność w kontaktach z ludźmi starszymi

Author(s): Agnieszka Rosińska-Mamej / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2020

The main goal of the article is to draw attention to some barriers occuring in the communication between young and elderly people. The author cites examples of verbal behaviour that are treated as polite by young people, while by seniors they can be interpreted as rude or offensive. The other goal is to introduce the new term silver politeness.

(Nie)Pamięć o wiekach średnich w powieści Mai Jurkowskiej Katedra

Author(s): Joanna Godlewicz-Adamiec / Language(s): Polish,German / Publication Year: 0

Literature is one of those areas of human activity which functions within the culture of memory. It is indeed one of the means of creating memory – many narratives are concerned with the way in which individuals and communities remember and forget, as well as the way in which they forge their own identity. Modern literature has made the exploration of memory patterns one of is most important themes. The paper constitutes an attempt to analyse the literary images of the cathedral in connection with the patterns of individual and communal memory in Maja Jurkowska’s novel Katedra in the context of Polish and German memory discourse.

(Nie)uczciwość akademicka polskich studentów a poświadczanie kwalifikacji

Author(s): Agnieszka M. Sendur / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Examination malpractice is claimed to be a problem in Polish schools and universities. What is the actual scale of academic dishonesty among Polish higher education students and what seems to be its causes? What kind of actions do Polish students consider dishonest and which of them are not assigned to this category? The article describes a survey on academic integrity conducted at Polish higher education institutions and presents conclusions relevant to certification purposes.

... kým nás neporazí - štylistická poznámka k sloganu o covide

Author(s): Lena Ivančová / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2022

110 ГОДИНИ ОТ РОЖДЕНИЕТО НА ЧЛ.-КОР. ПРОФ. ЛЮБОМИР АНДРЕЙЧИН

Author(s): Zhaneta Zlateva,Milen Tomov,Tatyana Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2020

The paper deals with the main contributions to Bulgarian linguistics made by Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin. The authors highlight his innovative methods of research in Mo¬dern Standard Bulgarian and his understanding of the grammatical categories of the Bul¬garian verb system, in particular. They go on to outline his theoretical views on or¬tho¬graphy and the normativisation of Bulgarian spelling, emphasising his exceptional contribution to this area. Finally, the authors discuss Prof. Andreychin’s contributions to the study of the history of Modern Standard Bulgarian.

A Matter of Principle concerning Integral Linguistics: Man as a Cultural Being

Author(s): Cristian Pașcalău / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2021

Integral linguistics resides on an inner, fundamental truth that has to be revealed and justified. The leap from intuition to reflexivity is subtly designated by Eugenio Coseriu in terms of ―grain of truth‖ (which implies knowing and understanding a theory from within, in order for researchers to be able to emphasize its strong points, its sustainable cores of knowledge, and, at the same time, its weak points). All disciplinary fields are governed by the limits of their concept, therefore contemplating them needs to be done on philosophical grounds. In this respect, we revisit Coseriu‘s doctrine regarding linguistics as a science that states man as its central point of reference. We aim to discuss one of the most challenging ideas Coseriu developed in this respect, namely that human consciousness emerges through language and unfolds intuitive knowledge, as opposed to the biological perspectives that derive consciousness from instincts, perceptions or sensory representations.

A MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE APPROACH TO READING GULLIVER’S TRAVELS BY J. SWIFT

Author(s): Ana Muntean / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Reading literary works in the original has always been a challenge for EFL students, even those who are in teacher training programs and have a richer philological background. As reading is the best way to discover and understand literature, it is important to identify effective means of involving students in active, meaningful reading procedures. The article provides an example of how to make the reading of J. Swift’s “Gulliver’s Travels’ more engaging for students, applying Gardner’s MI theory.

ACADEMIC EMAIL REQUESTS: A CHALLENGE FOR EFL LEARNERS

Author(s): Viorica Cebotaroş / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

The study aims to investigate the level of pragmatic competence of Romanian learners of English when performing requests in academic email interaction. It focuses on the analysis of the linguistic form of authentic email requests written by students of USARB (Alecu Russo Balti State University) to faculty. The study examines the way politeness is expressed in academic email requests by analysing the level of directness employed, as well as the use of internal modification of the head act of request. The findings reveal cases of negative transfer of strategies from students’ mother tongue into English. This stresses the need for pragmatic instruction, which will contribute to developing the EFL learners’ pragmatic competence.

Actitudes de estudiantes checos y eslovacos hacia el aprendizaje del español con profesores nativos y no nativos

Author(s): Cristina Rodríguez García / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 12/2021

This paper focuses on the attitude of Czech and Slovak college students toward learning Spanish with native and non-native teachers. The research is being conducted to verify the prominence of the native speaker as a role model in learning a foreign language. A questionnaire was used to find out from the students’ perspective the advantages and disadvantages of learning the language with a native teacher and a non native teacher. The results have helped to establish that there is no supremacy of one type of teacher, as they complement each other at different stages of the learning process.

Aksjologiczna wartość hymnów państwowych Słowian w ujęciu porównawczym

Author(s): Aleksandra Niewiara / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 33/2022

The author suggests a method for determining the set of values of Slavic cultures that is based on the analysis of important cultural texts. Examples of such texts are national anthems. Thirteen hymns of Slavic states and the national anthem of the Lusatians were analyzed. It was found that some of the distinguished semantic components correspond to the sets of Slavic values discussed in literature (LIFE, HEALTH, FAMILY, HOME, EARTH, WORK, LOVE, BEAUTY, HAPPINESS, WISDOM, SINCERITY, FAITHFULNESS, HONESTY, JUSTICE, FREEDOM, HONOUR, FAITH, GOD). It has been shown that as a result of grouping the components into networked clusters of concepts, it is possible to discover basic axiological binary oppositions (LIFE – DEATH, CONSENT – DISCORD), and in the course of linguistic and cultural analysis, relationships between apparently unrelated components can be revealed.

An English-Polish Dictionary of Linguistic Terms

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Polish

An English-Polish Dictionary of Linguistic Terms is addressed mainly to students pursuing degrees in modern languages, who enrolled in linguistics courses, and more specifically, to those who are writing their MA dissertations on topics from the field of linguistics. The dictionary may be utilized during English lessons by teachers, by translators of texts from the field of linguistics, and more broadly, by those interested in the practical application of research on language; it could be of great assistance in the process of acquiring and understanding of numerous terms and notions commonly used in linguistics. An additional benefit for the prospective users of the dictionary is being able familiarize oneself with Polish equivalents of English linguistics terms. As for the selection of discussed entries, our dictionary is not restricted to a specific area of linguistic study or particular period thereof, but rather encompasses the wide variety of linguistic schools up to the beginnings of the 21st century. Also, while editing the chosen entries, we took into account the linguistics’ correspondence and interrelations with other disciplines of knowledge, such as: logic, philosophy, psychology. So often referred to by linguists themselves. Our dictionary also includes a Polish-English glossary of terms.

AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF CHINESE CULTUREMES – CARRIERS OF THE MOST SUBTLE CULTURAL ALLUSIONS – EXCERPTED FROM CHINESE CONTEMPORARY NOVELS IN ROMANIAN TRANSLATION

Author(s): Iulia Elena Cîndea Gîță / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Culturemes are the markers of the source culture, which can reach the reader in the target language through the ability of the translator, who must, in fact, be a great connoisseur of the most hidden cultural details. For the transposition of a foreign culture into a new culture, for a proper communication between them, a loan is needed, retrieval and processing of information so that it is accepted. The motivation behind this study is to provide an overview of how to approach culturemes in the translation of works of contemporary Chinese culture in Romanian, works characterized by great linguistic and extra-linguistic generosity. In order to achieve this goal, we followed the stages of identifying the culturemes from thirty-one Chinese contemporary novels translated in Romanian; followed by creating a corpus based on fourteen categories and five equivalence methods to ensure the cultural equivalence, coherence and homogeinity of Chinese works recreated for the Romanian reader. Finally, we performed an in-depth study of a selection of culturemes from each category, with the aim of showing their distribution in the Romanian translation of Chinese fiction. The study intends to provoke but also to help raise the awareness that translations are not only transpositions (by this we mean moving from one linguistic register to another without operating the text as part of a cultural whole, approaching it externally to all of its sources of influence from the culture in which it has been created) of a work in another language, but they have the primary role of enriching knowledge about one's culture, civilization, literature - i.e. China's cultural heritage for the present study. Culturally-aware literary translations are the most effective and most stable manner of intercultural exchange, of international prosperity of culture, of understanding and acknowledging the cultural specifics of one nation. The intertextual references - the culturemes - studied are part, as it will be presented, of all cultural spheres, from those denoting the daily life of the Chinese, the food and basic needs, to those denoting holidays, toponymy, units of measurement, history but also those that are politically motivated, while are also spiritual, subtle, erudite, which one close study, extensive knowledge and diligent work can drive the translator to find and transfer them to the target reader.

'And we are stuck in one place, Minister.' A study of evasiveness in replies to face-threatening questions in Slovak political interviews on scandals (A combined approach)

Author(s): Jana Lokajová / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

The phenomenon of political evasiveness in the genre of a political interview has been the focus of several discourse studies employing conversation analysis, critical discourse analysis and the social psychology approach. Most of the above-mentioned studies focus on a detailed qualitative analysis of political discourse identifying a wide range of communication strategies that permit politicians to ambiguate their agency and at the same time boost their positive face. Since these strategies may change over time and also be subject to a culture specific environment, the aim of this paper is to discover a) which evasive communicative strategies were employed by Slovak politicians in 2012 - 2016, b) which lexical substitutions were most frequently used by them to avoid negative connotations of face-threatening questions, and finally, c) which cognitive frames formed a frequent conceptual background of their evasive political argumentation. The paper will draw on a combination of quantitative and qualitative approach to the analysis of non-replies devised by Bull and Mayer (1993) and critical discourse analysis in the sample of five Slovak radio interviews aired on the Rádio Express. The selection of interviews was not random- in each interview the politician was asked highly conflictual questions about bribery, embezzlement or disputes in the coalition. Based on qualitative research of Russian-Slovak political discourse (2009) by Dulebová it is hypothesized that a) the evasive strategy of 'attack' on the opposition and 'attack on the interviewer' would occur in our sample with the highest prominence in the speech of the former Prime Minister Fico, and b) the politicians accused of direct involvement in scandals would be the most evasive ones.