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A (SOCIO)LINGUISTIC RANGE ANALYSIS: SEMANTIC REPRESENTATIONS OF HETERO AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Author(s): Cristina Ungureanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 23/2018

Our article proposes the study of a range of sociolinguistic terms having in common the prefix -hetero. The first part provides an overview of the prefixes in literature while the second connects it with the analysis of the semantic representations of several compounds (heterophony, heteroglossia, heterolinguality, heterology, heterolingualism, hetero-representations and hetero-identification) and their equivalents in French, English and Romanian, which are to be found in a sociolinguistic dictionary.

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

Author(s): Suzana Carmen Cismas / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2002

This article traces a history of educational objectives taking into account different types of objectives as well as different outlooks. The paper is constructed with the avowed aim to help readers understand some of the controversies regarding the use of “objective” as a technical term. It introduces recommendations for the specification of objectives (attention is paid to the notion of levels of specification and to various formulations of the concept of behavioural objectives) and it discusses problems associated with the status of objectives. Another purpose of this article is to examine structural relationships between objectives, the logic of intentions expressed by an objective, and the political status of statements of objectives. The final part deals with the usefulness of objectives in curriculum development, in lesson planning, in instructional design, in evaluation, and in the process of communicating to students.

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A CASE STUDY ON SPANISH FOR MEDICAL DOCTORS

Author(s): María-Victoria Ruiz Lozano Haenni / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2019

Organizing and preparing a language course on the threshold level for medical doctors demands a variety of strategic and methodological planning and considerations. The article deals with the questions as to what command of the foreign language medical doctors need to possess for which purpose a survey of the linguistic requirements of the target students and the specific individual objectives is presented. This relates to the readjustment of the CEFR descriptors necessary to fit such a course and discusses the form, approach, syllabus that were employed to ensure the learning target. Specific didactic material and tips that have proved to be helpful conclude the text.

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A classification of collocations with special reference to those used in business English

Author(s): Alexander Hollinger / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2000

Based on the seminal contribution of Dumitru Chitoran (1965), this paper discusses wordcombinations used in business English, since collocations are a specific yet recurrenttype. A proposal to classify collocations using structural criteria may actually differ fromstandard references in the area. A series of eight examples present various types ofcombinations, either verb plus noun, adjective plus noun, verbs and adjectives or nounsonly. In conclusion, collocations are often clearly specialised, leaving though amplespace for further potential research since examples are far from being exhausted.

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A Comparative Evaluation of the Latest ELTTP in Turkey: The Lecturers' Perspective versus Teacher Trainees’ Perspective

Author(s): Meltem Türken / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

This study evaluated the latest English Language Teacher Training Programme in Turkey from the viewpoint of both students who were enrolled on the programme for a period of four years and lecturers who train the students in an English Language Teacher Training Programme. Participants were 36 last-yearstudents who enrolled in the English Language Teaching department at Uludağ University and nine lecturers who teach in the ELT department at Uludağ University, Turkey. The data was collected by the help of two questionnaires which contained the inventory of programme courses, each of which was rated both by the students and lecturers regarding three criteria: the contribution of the given course(s) to (1) the ‘personal’ development of the students, the contribution of the given course(s) to (2) the ‘professional’ development of the students, and (3) whether the students think that ‘the course(s) provided them with theoretical and practical knowledge applicable during their active teaching life’. The participants were also asked to rate whether the course contents or course lecturers/instructors contributed more to students’ development. Also, the lecturer participants were asked to rate if the current ELTTP is enough for a students’ personal and academic development. The results indicate that, the current English Language Teacher Training Program is considered inefficient and dissatisfactory both from the viewpoint of the instructors of the program and students who are enrolled in it.

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A Comparative Study of Perception of (Im)Politeness between Iranian EFL Learners and Americans: The Case of Request Speech Act

Author(s): Bahareh Ghasempour,Maryam Farnia / Language(s): English / Issue: 29/2016

Learning a language means learning the culture. What we act and speak reflect the culture of our language. Requests have attracted the attention of many researchers which they have often been investigated adjacent to the politeness (Liu, 2007; Jalilifar, 2009; Al-Marrani & Sazalie, 2010; Félix- Brasdefer, 2010; Youssef, 2012; Mohammadi & Tamimi Sa’d, 2014). The purpose of this study is to examine Iranian EFL learners, Persian native speakers, and American English native speakers’ perception of speech act of requests without politeness markers. To this end, the data were collected from 35 EFL learners, 35 Persian native speakers, and 14 English native speakers. The data were collected through an open ended questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Task and a Perception questionnaire in the form of Likert scale adopted from Saidi and Khosravi (2015). The questionnaire consists of situations with variations in contextual variables, i.e. social status: requests made by people of higher social status, equal social status and lower social status relative to the speakers. The participants were asked to imagine themselves in the situations and rate the (im)politeness of each request situation on a 4-point Likert scale. Moreover, they were required to write down what they would say if they were in a situation without politeness markers. A translated version of questionnaire was handed to Persian native speakers. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between EFL learners and English native participants, and also between EFL learners and Persian speakers’ perceptions of (im)politeness of different request situations. Moreover, by comparing the three groups of participants who perceived a request as mostly/ slightly impolite, the writer provided information about their expectations of politeness in different situations. It is hoped that the findings of this study can add to the body of knowledge in speech act studies in general and to our understanding of Iranian EFL learners and Persian native speakers’ perception of (im)politeness in particular.

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A comparison of heritage learners and L2 learners of Spanish: A study on compliment sequences in the classroom

Author(s): Jeremy W. Bachelor,María Jesús Barros García / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

The present study sought to evaluate the pragmatic competence of heritage learners of Spanish in regard to compliment sequences and the impact that pragmatic lessons would have on these students. To this end, pre and post tests to assess pragmatic recognition in regard to Spanish compliments were designed by the researchers and completed by the participants before and after a series of pragmatic interventions. Control and experimental groups were established in order to evaluate other potential variables involved. Additionally, the same lessons were implemented in two beginner L2 Spanish groups (one control and one experimental) as to determine whether or not the lessons were more suited for this demographic of students. Preliminary data suggest that the heritage groups of students already have high pragmatic competence in regard to compliments and that lessons do not have an impact on this type of learner. On the other hand, the beginner L2 Spanish students greatly benefited from the interventions and experienced statistically significant growth in the experimental group. The effect size was also calculated and found that the interventions had little to no impact on the heritage experimental group and a very large impact on the L2 experimental group. The conclusions of the study suggest that it may not be necessary to teach pragmatic norms to heritage language learners. Design, lessons, pedagogical interventions, and recommendations for future study are included.

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A Comparison of Teaching Vocabulary through Audio-Visual Materials versus Traditional Ways

Author(s): Merve Nur Çaliskan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

The present research aims at comparing whether teaching vocabulary by the help of audio-visual materials or through traditional ways is a better option in EFL settings. The differences between audiovisual materials and traditional ways have been remarked in the current study. The experiment lasted 3 weeks and was carried out with 36 secondary school students (control and experiment groups). Each group consisted of 18 participants. Firstly, the predetermined target words were taught to both groups by audiovisual materials or traditional ways such as writing, repeating, and translation. Secondly, a vocabulary quiz was applied to the experimental and control groups. When the scores were compared, there wasn’t any significant difference. However, the experimental group was relatively more successful than the control group. Thirdly, a questionnaire and an interview were applied to the participants by the researcher. The results showed that participants prefer to use audiovisual materials in vocabulary activities. Also, it was observed that audiovisual materials make the lessons more interesting and promote the motivation of the learners.

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A Critical Discourse Analysis of a College Faculty Recruitment Brochure

Author(s): Dennis R. Brooks / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2003

Norman Fairclough presents his version of Critical Discourse Analysis with a five stage analytical framework (Yates, Taylor and Wetherell, 2001: 236). Central to this macro frame is to identify the social problem that has a semiotic aspect (Stage 1), the obstacles (Stage 2), whether the problem is needed (Stage 3), resolutions to the problem (Stage 4), and how the researcher’s interpretation can “contribute to emancipatory change” (Stage 5) (Yates, Taylor and Wetherell, 2001: 239).

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A Cross-Cultural Study On White Colour Idioms In Turkish And English: Conceptual Metaphor Theory In Focus

Author(s): Gökçen Hastürkoglu / Language(s): Turkish,English / Issue: 1/2017

This study aims at investigating how similar and different the embodied cognition of Turkish and English speakers is by providing a systematic description of Turkish and English white colour idiomatic expressions and by analyzing them within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory through which the cognitive motivations behind the idiomatic expressions can be demonstrated. In order to do so, a large-scale corpus study based on specialized dictionaries on idioms in Turkish and English was carried out and a table was presented for each language illustrating the idiomatic expression, its meaning, its translation for the Turkish part, and the underlying conceptual metaphor or metonymy. After this cognitive analysis, it was revealed that despite some similarities in the cognitive mappings of the idioms in Turkish and English, the connotations of white colour idioms in two genetically unrelated languages vary because of cultural, historical, religious, or customary matters.

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A cy na san tu Litvate? A czy nie jesteś pan z Litwy? Gwara i identyfikacja Cyganów litewskich

Author(s): Lev Tcherenkov / Language(s): English,Polish,Romany / Issue: 1/2009

In the vast area, ranging from Kamchatka in the East to Brest and Bialystok in the West, dialects spoken by the local Gypsies are so close to each other regarding phonetics, morphology and vocabulary, that they make in fact one macro-dialect with local varieties. The details of these varieties can barely be noticed by a non-professional and a non-Gypsy. Nevertheless, these details play an important role in group identification and in the differentiating between Gypsy groupings. The author has intended to present the peculiarities of the dialect spoken by the Lithuanian Gypsies, which make it different from the whole bunch of vernacular Gypsy tongues of a broader area that includes (except of the Republic of Lithuania) Western Belarus, Eastern Latvia and neighboring parts of the Russian Federation.

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A Dictionary of Film Terms and Film Studies

Author(s): Andrzej Weselinski / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2014

his dictionary provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the discipline of film studies, including key theoretical and technical terms, overviews of film genres and movements, film adaptations of literature, the Hollywood studio system, film industry practices, and the impact of digital technologies in cinema.

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A Dynamic Contextual Analysis of Virginia Woolf, « The Waves »

Author(s): Cristina Prelipceanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2000

The article presents an application of the methodological principles for the analysis of theliterary text put forward by Tatiana Slama-Cazacu based on “the contextual-dynamic”approach in applied linguistics and psycholinguistics. This interpretation is a holisticapproach which implies both a reference to the form and to the content of the literarywork.This kind of approach also emphasizes the major importance which the context has byconsidering its various levels.The analysis of a fragment selected from the novel “The Waves” by Virginia Woolfreveals that the images, the symbols, the meditation on life identified in this fragment arepresent throughout the author’s literary work. They also pervade not only the novels, butalso the critical essays and her journal

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A Few Words about the Aphorism Factory

Author(s): Zsolt Farkas / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/1994

It all started in a Schwäbisch Hall bookstore in the autumn of 1986. As I dawdled, drooling, and fondled the amazing selection, a quotation on the back of a book by someone called Hermann Lang caught my eye: “Das Unbewußte ist die Rede des Anderen”: “The unconscious is the discourse of the other”. Work is proceeding on the 2.0 version of the Aphorism Factory: it will allow the user to choose from a wide range of dictionaries and grammatical structures. (There are some fascinating possibilities. For instance, “Even an x is only a y ” or “You’ll never make an x of a y ”. And there are structures like: “An x is like a y: it’s a and 6, where a and b are adjectives. There are some marvelous adjectives. Or a format like “X is z;-ing y ’, where v is a third person singular, transitive verb: e.g., destroy, violate, deconstruct, and snicker at, etc.

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A FUNCTION-FIRST APPROACH TO VERB TENSE USAGE IN RESEARCH ARTICLE INTRODUCTIONS IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS

Author(s): Öztürk Ismet / Language(s): English / Issue: 170/2019

The study aims to investigate verb tense usage in research article introductions in the field of Applied Linguistics by adopting a ‘function-first’ approach. The corpus used in the study consists of 50 research article introductions published in five prominent journals of the field. The communicative function of the sentences was determined on the basis Swales’ (1990; 2004) CARS (Create a Research Space) model. In the coding of data Maxqda 11 was used. The results show that each function is associated with particular verb tense. For instance, in ‘claiming centrality’ the present perfect tense, in ‘making topic generalisations’ the simple present and in ‘reviewing items of previous research’ the simple past tense is predominant. The results suggest that the ‘function-first' approach provides a more accurate description of verb tense usage in writing research article introductions than the ‘formfirst’ approach. The findings have implications for teaching academic writing.

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A Gender-Based Study Of Apology Speech Acts In British And Bulgarian Tv Series

Author(s): Deyana Peneva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2015

The major aim of this paper is to examine the way Bulgarian men and women apologize and investigate whether they exhibit differences with respect to the apologetic behavior they adopt in comparison to British male and female native speakers. The article focuses on the speech act of apologizing and it draws on two linguistic datasets for its analysis: six episodes from a British TV series Scott & Bailey and six episodes of comparable data from Glasshome, a Bulgarian TV series. Extracts of data containing apology speech acts in both corpora are compared qualitatively and quantitatively and the issues of apology strategy, type of offence, social status and social distance are discussed with respect to gender cultures and politeness.

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A Generalized Nonlinear Affixation Approach to Polish Palatalizations

Author(s): Slawomir Zdziebko / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

The paper offers an autosegmental approach to Polish palatalizations whereby the presence of palatalizing features is the result of the translation of morpho-­syntactic features into phonological features. In the first part I present an analysis of the structural change of the relevant palatalizations, which boils down to the account of how floating autosegments are integrated into the underlying structures of the stem-­final segments. The second part is preoccupied with how relevant autosegments are inserted into representation: the palatalizing floating features are phonological ‘halves’ of vocabulary items matching the feature sets marking inflectional categories in Polish. The paper finishes with the discussion of the distribution of the endings i/y/i~ɨ/ and e /ɛ/ as the markers of the Dative and Locative in one of the declension classes in Polish. I show that the approach advocated here fares better at predicting the distribution of the said endings than the better established approach presented in Gussmann (2007).

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A Hermeneutic Critique on George Steiner’s Hermeneutic Motion in Translation

Author(s): Mohammad Ali KHARMANDAR / Language(s): English / Issue: 01 (20)/2018

George Steiner’s Hermeneutic Motion, published in his major book After Babel, is usually regarded as the most important theory in the hermeneutics and even philosophy of translation. The work, however, has received criticism by authors who normally write outside of the classical realm of hermeneutics. A lingering assumption is that hermeneutics, and even other strands of Continental philosophy, necessarily need or should rely on Steiner’s postulates. A critical approach to his theory from a hermeneutic perspective can clarify how valid/practical Steiner’s ideas are. Reviewing all of the chapters in After Babel, this study thematically unifies the criticisms on Steiner’s theory, while highlighting deeper conflicts in the work. As a most substantial reading of the hermeneutic motion, the study emphasizes the importance of emerging hermeneutic theories of translation in the twenty-first century.

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A higher-education teaching module for integrating industry content and language through online recruitment advertisements

Author(s): Dietmar Tatzl / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

Empirical evaluations of practical teaching units integrating content and language in higher education are rare and deserve more attention. The current article aims to narrow this gap by providing an empirical study of an integrating content and language in higher education (ICLHE, Smit & Dafouz, 2012) teaching module. It investigates the effectiveness of a content-based English for specific purposes module in tertiary aeronautical engineering education, which incorporates recruitment advertisements as online resources. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach and surveyed three aeronautical engineering student groups (N = 141) over three consecutive years on their perceptions of the module’s learning outcomes. This longitudinal survey was complemented by a teacher-assessed writing task and a qualitative content analysis of online recruitment advertisements (N = 80) in a self-built corpus. All three year groups rated the 10 questionnaire statements on a 5-point Likert scale rather equally, thus suggesting a similar perception of academic achievement stemming from the module’s completion. This student view was supported by the results of the writing assignment. In short, the module’s effectiveness was corroborated both quantitatively and qualitatively, which identifies this teaching concept as a feasible way forward.

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A historical phonology of Western Karaim: The process of its diversification into dialects

Author(s): Michal Németh / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

This article describes the emergence of the dialectal differences in phonology that eventually led to the division of Western Karaim into two dialects. The study is based on manuscripts and manuscript editions covering the period between the 17th and 20th centuries. Special attention is paid to the relative chronology of the phonological changes. A periodization of Western Karaim is also proposed.

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