Priedēkļi kā internacionālismu „nacionalizācijas” līdzekļi

Author(s): Daiki Horiguchi / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 3/2013

Prefixation of borrowed verbs (mostly internationalisms) in Latvian is an active word-formational process, where we find the activity character of prefixation as linguistic activity and the speaker’s involvemnent in derivation of new prefixal derivatives based on analogy. We discuss prefixation of internationalisms in Latvian in contrast to the culture of language, because this question has not been enough discussed neither in aspectology nor word-formation, but only evaluated negatively in culture of language. Further we focus on two prefixes no- and pa-.Prefix no- is most productively added to borrowed verbs (40,0%) and most criticized in culture of language for its redundant accentuation of perfectivity, which is not desirable for most borrowed verbs. Prefix pa- is criticized in culture of language because it adds an unserious meaning to the action. Just like diminutives denoting some subjective evaluation besides the smallness of object, pa-verbs express the smallness of action and the speaker’s subjective evaluation.Prefixes include borrowed verbs in the lecixal system of the language, adding at the same time to the verbs certain way of recognizing the world – in these cases with no- and pa- the aspectual viewpoint and subjective evaluation – and "latvianize" therefore foreign words. Paradoxally, however, the culture of language manifests itself against this linguistic activity, because the prevalence of individualization of text (expression of aspectual opposition, expression of subjective evaluation, expressivity, creativeness of prefixation) is inherent for this kind of prefixation.

Language shift among Kurds in Turkey: A spatial and demographic analysis

Author(s): Sinan Zeyneloğlu,Ibrahim Sirkeci,Yaprak Civelek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This study explores language shift and interregional migration among Turkey’s Kurdish-origin population using census data as well as TDHS data. First, the geographical retraction of the Kurdish language between 1945 and 1965 is depicted using respective censuses as data sources. Second, patterns of intergenerational language shift and the effects of migration and education on this shift are elaborated utilising 2003 TDHS data and the 2000 Census data. Interregional mobility by birth regions and language concentration across Turkey has also been mapped. The Kurdish population in Turkey appears to be on the verge of near-universal bilingualism prompting concerns about the future of the language.

ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ФИТОНИМОВ С КОМПОНЕНТОМ КУРИЦА/HUHN В РУССКОМ И НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Elizabeta Jurievna Moiseeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

This paper is the first to comparatively analyze Russian and German plant names derived from the noun курица/Huhn. The analysis is based on studying the nominational features of plant names and involves the ethnocultural data on 56 plant names derived from the Russian noun курица and 124 phytonyms with the German component Huhn. The nominational features of Russian and German plant names have proven to be generally quite similar to some peculiar motivations. The ethnocultural idea of hen as a symbol of feminine and fertility is also expressed by the analyzed plant names in both Russian and German languages. A number of Russian and German phytonyms should be recognized as corrupt or reanalyzed forms. The reasons for their motivational uncertainty could vary from changes in the folk etymology up to mistakes made by the authors of botanical dictionaries. The nominational features of some plant names need further studying.

ЭКСПЛИКАЦИЯ И ИМПЛИКАЦИЯ ОЦЕНКИ В МИКРОБЛОГЕ TWITTER (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ СООБЩЕНИЙ УЧАСТНИКОВ ПРОТЕСТНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ «ЧАЕПИТИЕ»)

Author(s): Elena Vlaeriyevna Gabrielova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper presents the results of the investigation carried out to define the language means of implicit and explicit estimation used by participants of the Tea Party protest movement, which emerged in 2009 in the United States. According to the content analysis of Twitter messages performed with the help of the Atlas.ti software program, the main trends in the topics and linguistic devices implemented by users while expressing their opinions are defined. The data analysis shows that requests for assistance, criticism against the US president, and support of the protest movement are, as a rule, expressed explicitly. Participants often state their opinions implicitly through the use of irony, phraseological units, implicit estimation, question structures, and quotations.

ОБ ОБРАЗНО-АССОЦИАТИВНЫХ СВЯЗЯХ ЛЕКСЕМЫ ПАМЯТЬ: В КОНТЕКСТЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ИНВАРИАНТНОСТИ ОБРАЗА

Author(s): Gulshat Ahmathanovna Khairutdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

This paper discusses the figurative potential of the lexeme memory. The figurativeness of the lexical unit is investigated based on the idea of invariance, or paradigmaticity, of a verbal figure. The analysis is based on the poetic works of the 19th–20th centuries in the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The most voluminous paradigms in which the noun memory acts as an object of comparison are described. The grounds for rapprochement between the object and figure during the functioning of the studied lexeme are revealed.

ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ПОЛИЛИНГВАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА УЧЕБНОГО СЛОВАРЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ УЧЕБНОГО АНГЛО-ТАТАРСКО-РУССКОГО СЛОВАРЯ-МИНИМУМА Г.А. АРСЛАНОВОЙ И Ф.С. САФИУЛЛИНОЙ)

Author(s): Gulshat Rafailevna Safiullina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper considers the significance and fundamental aspects of the English-Tatar lexicographical school and its role in creating the multilingual Russian-Tatar-English environment. The principles of dictionary compilation at the micro- and macrolevels, which were introduced about 20 years ago, are reviewed and reconsidered. The advantages of lexicographical developments contributing to further advance in this scientific area are emphasized.

LIMBAJUL SPORTIV ÎN REVISTELE DE SPECIALITATE

Author(s): Mihaela Hriban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2016

Actually, sporting language is very in fashion due to the fact that it is used not only in media papers, but also in the online ones. There are many words borrowed in the Romanian vocabulary from the sporting domain. In our paper, our purpose is to bring into focus the manner in which the sporting language that has, especially, English etymology is going to reflect into Romanian lexis.

О способах выражения инхоативности в славянских языках (на примере болгарского, польского и белорусского языков)

Author(s): Yulia Mazurkevich-Sulkovska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

In this article inchoative verbs in three Slavonic languages: Bulgarian (southern group), Polish (western group) and Belarusian (eastern group) are analyzed. The basic reasons for the observed quantitative differences in terms of inchoative verbs in the three studied languages are explained. The adopted semantic analysis made it possible to determine the regularities in the creation of inchoative verbs and to describe the semantic classes characterized by a greater productivity of inchoative verbs in them.

Менталното звучене на речта или теорията спхота

Author(s): Mirena Paceva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

Sphota is a specific concept from the Indian linguistic and philosophical tradition, which has no analogue in Western linguistics. Sphota is the word in the mind or the mental sound that "illuminates" the signified. The concept is presented systematically by the ancient Indian philosopher and grammarian Bhartrihari in his treatise About the sentence and the word. Among the main features of the concept are integrity, lack of sequence and temporal specificity. It transmits its own form together with the meaning. Furthermore, the form has a leading position. From the standpoint of modern psycholinguistics, the ideas of Bhartrihari are more consonant with the connectionist language and less with the serial ones.

За произхода и семантиката на глагола патити в българския език

Author(s): Tatyana Lekova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

The paper reviews the different hypotheses on the origin of the verb патя and its derivatives. The analysis applies a number of approaches: formal, semantic, synchronic and areal-georgraphic. The verb is compared to its cognates in Romanian păţi, Aromanian pat, Albanian pësoj, pësonj, Macedonian пати, and Serbo-Croatian пàтити. The forms and uses of the verb in medieval documents are traced. The research aims to answer the question whether the vulgar Latin *patīre < classical Latin pătior or the Greek πάσχω, παθαίνω is the more likely prototype or source for the Bulgarian verb. The hypothesis is formulated that the verb and its derivatives in Bulgarian, as well as in some other Balkan and South- Slavic languages, cannot be traced to a uniform, single source of origin and should be interpreted as belonging to different temporal layers of borrowings.

За палатализацията и палатализирането на консонантите в румънския език

Author(s): Vladislav Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

The present research analyses the content of the terms palatal and palatalized consonants. Their interpretations the linguistic literature in English, Bulgarian and Romanian are compared. The debate around the existence of soft consonants in the phonetic systems of the Bulgarian and the Romanian languages is traced back, as well as the terminological diversity in their denomination.

Z historii wybranych hiponimów leksemu złodziej

Author(s): Magdalena Wojtyka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

The article is devoted to an analysis of the hyponyms of the lexeme złodziej in the history of the Polish language. The research that was conducted is representative of the trend of diachronic linguistics and its aim will be to present the complete evolution of the vocabulary concentrated upon the field that is analysed. The material that is presented in the article was excerpted from dictionary sources. In the units that are analysed the main semantic elements which enabled us to divide the material that was collected into two groups were distinguished. The first group contains hyponyms of the lexeme złodziej which emphasise the feature of a thief. The second group contains lexemes which emphasise the manner in which the theft is committed. The main premise of the article is to present the semantic changes which occurred in the field of the hyponyms of the lexeme thief. Another crucial point of the article is associated with etymological investigations whose purpose is to present the origin of the units that are studied.

Historia semantyki wyrazu rzecz i jego derywatów słowotwórczych

Author(s): Małgorzata Broszko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

The majority of the changes which occur in a language may be perceived only from the perspective of the time that elapses. This is a result of the duration of the process which influences a language. This regularity refers also to semantic changes which are influenced inter alia by the evaluation of the properties of referents – the property of a given object which will turn out to be the most important one for the users of a language frequently determines the direction of the changes. The present article contains considerations about the semantics of the word rzecz ‘thing’ associated with its etymology and the other meanings of this word which are a result of the etymology. The plurality of the thematic groups in which one could place the derivatives of the word rzecz is associated with the polysemy of this word. Obviously, the ambiguity of the word-building basis is not the only reason for the lack of semantic relations between the lexemes which are motivated by this base – the changes of the meanings of the particular derivatives are also important. The text is an attempt at answering the questions about inter alia the semantic relation of such words derived from rzecz such as rzeczownik rzeczywisty, rzecznik, grzeczny, niedorzeczny, rzeczowy with the etymon.

Dyskurs upersonifikowanej Śmierci w wybranych przykładach literatury i sztuki europejskiej od XII do XVII wieku

Author(s): Anna Gostomska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

The aim of this article is to describe the discourse of personified Death in the selected works of European art and literature from the 12th to the 17th century. The article deals with five discursive situations: questioning Death by a man in verse and prosaic disputations and in dialogues in the paintings and woodcuts of the danse macabre, sending Death to man in Helinand of Froidmont’s poems and in morality plays based on the Everyman theme, dispraising Death by the dolce stil nuovo authors, Dante, Petrarch, Johannes von Tepl, as well as Polish Renaissance and Baroque poets, summoning Death in Polish sermons of the 17th century, and finally ridiculing Death in a number of Old Polish dramatic works reflecting the carnival tradition. The analysis proved that the discourse of personified Death functioned in various contexts, had diverse forms and performed many functions. It primarily functioned in the context of Christian eschatology as the doctrine about the last things. The interaction between Death and man also employed satire and farce to mock the representatives of all social strata. On the other hand, addressing personified Death in love and funeral poetry was an emotional contemplation on the loss of a loved one.

Odwołania do wartości społecznych i ocena rzeczywistości w kampaniach wyborczych kandydatek na urząd prezydenta RP w latach 2005 i 2015

Author(s): Ilona Witkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

The aim of the considerations featured in the article is to distinguish the most important values, with special reference to social values, to which the female candidates who pursued the office of the president of the Republic of Poland referred to in their electoral campaigns – Henryka Bochniarz in 2005 and Magdalena Ogórek in 2015. In the electoral discourse each politician uses a certain set of values which he or she considers relevant and efficient in his or her message and ones which are consistent with his or her ideology, therefore the author of the article suggests to examine more closely the ways of evaluating reality that both female candidates embraced and analyses the similarity (and the variety) or convergence (and divergence) of the values which these candidates emphasise and support.

Lateralizacja i lokalizacja funkcji językowych w mózgu (przegląd najważniejszych zagadnień)

Author(s): Katarzyna Brzezinka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

The article has the nature of a general overview (inter alia it furnishes an overview of publications in the field of neurolinguistics). The author seeks an answer to the following question: where (and) how the units of speech (of language and speech) are located in the brain. The work consists of a number of parts. In the first chapter the author focuses on the nervous system (the object of neurological research). In the second chapter the author focuses on the linguistic capacity (the object of linguistic research). Both chapters distinguish the units of the brain and speech to which researchers refer in their attempts to describe the relationship between language and the brain. The third chapter alludes to (and classifies) the most recent achievements in the field of neuroscience about the lateralisation and localisation of the linguistic functions in the brain. Eventually the units of human speech are ascribed to the selected areas in the brain. The final part of the work contains a comprehensive bibliography of the subject.

À propos de quelques structures lexico-syntaxiques du type dit comparatif dans un texte scientifique

Author(s): Alicja Hajok / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2016

This article presents several lexical and syntactic structures characteristic of scientific texts. Markers of comparison such as être identique à, différer de, comme are one element of the analyzed structures. The proposed analyses treat phraseology in a wider context (phraséologie étendue) and are a part of a broader research on motive.

Les noms de sons et d’odeurs en russe. Valeurs et emplois

Author(s): Irina Thomières / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2016

The present paper examines in detail the predicative nouns of smell and of sound in contemporary Russian. It more specifically focuses on the structures ‘Noun of smell or odor + specifiers (“noun” in the genitive)’. The predicates mentioned are divided into groups according to the semantic nature of the specifiers: concrete noun, abstract noun, place name. They express the cause of the smell or sound. The features of each subset are described emphasizing the similarities and differences existing between the sounds on the one hand and the smells on the other.

WHY A CURRICULUM VITAE IS IMPORTANT IN THE TRANSLATION INDUSTRY

Author(s): Carmen Ardelean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

RITUAL COMMUNICATION IN THE ACADEMIC WORLD BY ELENA MAFTEI-GOLOPENȚIA

Author(s): Marinela Doina Nistea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2014