"Astérix et Obélix" – un univers pragmatique

Author(s): Alexandra Caramizaru / Language(s): French / Issue: 2/2013

The article uses notions and concepts borrowed from Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis (i.e. speech act and ethos), combined with the actantial model developed by Greimas (1966). The author focuses on the essentially pragmatic dimension of the textual world created by Uderzo & Goscinny: the actions performed by Asterix and Obelix, the heroes of the famous comics bearing the same title, are based on their knowledge and understanding of the world they live in (dictionary and encyclopaedia), on their will to act (intention), but also on the fact that they can act (they have a mandate from their leader). This pragmatic dimension is inherent to the discourse allowing certain relationships to be established between individuals acting in specific contexts. By identifying the dominant speech acts, the author draws up the ethical profiles of the selected characters and the corresponding relations, more or les asymmetric (at the social and/or discursive level), generated by them.

"C’est la faute à Voltaire". Encyclopédie et interprétation de conférence

Author(s): Laura Rasanu Maxim / Language(s): French / Issue: 5/2016

This paper is about learning to interpret, more precisely about cultural references, from the perspective of trainee or beginners interpreters. We pointed out that an interpreter never translates using only language knowledge (he must be able to understand the implicit). The main section of this study provides examples of interpretation errors pertaining to the extra-linguistic, encyclopedic knowledge, by reference field (medicine, geography, history, literature, film, politics, current events, society, food, chemistry). We have shown that the interpreter has to enrich the extra-linguistic background, in order to understand the source text more easily and accurately.

"Części mowy odmieniające się przez przypadki." - Feliks Żochowski

Author(s): Malgorzata B. Majewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 04/2017

"Essere" o "avere"? La selezione dell’ausiliare tra teoria e didattica nell’insegnamento dell’italiano a stranieri

Author(s): Davide Bozzo / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 2/2018

In the teaching of Italian L2, learners and teachers encounter difficulties when they are faced with the issue of auxiliary selection in the formation of compound tenses. If we analyse the way grammars for foreigners deal with the problem, we notice—between hypertrophic classifications and lists of exceptions—the lack of a model that is able to explain the phenomenon in a systematic and exhaustive manner. Looking at the source, i.e., the Italian L1 grammars, the syntactic model based on the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs, both in its traditional and non-accusative version, is not suitable for application in L2 teaching, especially in the case of learners from countries where little room during class time is given to metalinguistic reflection. This paper aims to suggest an alternative semantic model that is capable of representing an orientation tool for learners and finding a balance between theoretical and teaching needs, as well as between learning and acquisition. According to our model—which moves the attention from government to diathesis and starts from the meaning of the auxiliaries as autonomous verbs—avere is used when the effects of the action expressed by the verb are directed towards the external world. Meanwhile, essere is used when such effects are directed towards the subject itself, that is, when the syntactic subject of the sentence represents the semantic object of the event, and it therefore assumes the role of the patient, typical of passive and middle diathesis.

"FIRE" AS THE "LOGO" OF THE ARTISTIC WORLDS

Author(s): Natalja Dyorina,Yuliya Yuzhakova,Liliya Polyakova,Tatyana Zalavina / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Fire as the ‘Logo’ of Artistic Worlds. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the image of fire created by two representatives, one of the Acmeist and the other of the Romantic school of poetry, N. Gumilev and S.T. Coleridge, revealing similarities and differences between their approaches. The obvious parallelism of the poets’ works is demonstrated, with particular attention paid to the fact that specific fire-related images were emphasised by Gumilev in his translation of Coleridge’s works. The attributes of the artistic universes of the Russian and of the English poet are shown: the continuity and constant interaction of their elements, the identity of the properties of the whole and of its various parts in each case.

"He wormed his way out o f trouble" - a constructional approach

Author(s): Iwona Góralczyk / Language(s): English / Issue: III/2001

"Konversacionalizmi" i ligjërimit femëror në politikën shqiptare

Author(s): Anila Hima / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 35/2017

The tendency of conversationalization in the public discourse is known as shifting boundaries between written and spoken discourse practices, shifting the public discourse towards a more conversational, informal and spontaneous style to create the impression of a casual conversation with the public. Analyzing a wide range of political speeches held in three discourse contexts - when politicians are in power, in opposition and in the personal context - this paper investigates the phenomenon of conversationalization in the discourse of Albanian female politicians. Using a qualitative and comparative analysis, we aim to examine the form, the context and the purpose of conversationalization in the political discourse of the female politicians. The results are that the tendency towards a conversational and sometimes rather casual discourse is documented on the morphological, syntactic, lexical and phonetic levels; secondly, it is not expressed constantly and consistently in the political discourse analyzed, but prevails in the speeches held by female politicians in the context of the opposition; and thirdly, its purpose is as much public understanding as possible, to gain more popularity in order to secure public understanding, sympathy and support.

"La Langue de Bois" et "Le Politiquement Correct" dans le Discours Public Roumain

Author(s): Sorina Serbanescu / Language(s): French / Issue: 16/2017

Le discours public roumain d’après la Révolution de '89 a gardé des anciennes habitudes langagières communistes dont "la langue de bois". D’autre côté, il a emprunté, comme une conséquence de la synchronisation trop rapide à la modernité, des clichés langagiers qui continuent les tendances agressives et autoritaires héritées du totalitarisme communiste. Notre analyse imbrique la sémantique du discours, la sémiotique, la pragmatique linguistique et la psycholinguistique, se concentrant sur des corpus tirés des discours publics des dernières dix années.

"Le convoi du 24 janvier" de Charlotte Delbo et la mémoire ressuscitée de la Déportation

Author(s): Beata Kedzia-Klebeko / Language(s): French / Issue: 10/2016

The novel Convoy to Auschwitz, a testimony of the concentration camp experiences of a famous French writer Charlotte Delbo appeared in France in 1966. This book expresses the author's ethical position, who admits that the language of literature is capable to express even those human experiences which seemed inexpressible or inexplicable. The novel Convoy to Auschwitz is a biographical account of the daily lives of 230 women who were deported from France to the concentration camp in Auschwitz. The author attempts to protect and preserve for the posterity the lives of silent female heroes who were doomed to die in the camp appalling living conditions because of their nationality, political views or race. The memory of them requires a written testimony because of passing time, insensitivity to the past of subsequent generations, and also because of possible free interpretations of history.

"Œdipe Roi" – De l’enquête policière à la quête identitaire : noms propres et descriptions définies

Author(s): Madalina Rasoga / Language(s): French / Issue: 4/2015

Sophocle’s tragedy, Oedipus the King, may be considered the first detective novel whose plot is built around the defining question of this literary genre: “Who is the murderer (x)?”. The existence of a murderer is thus presupposed since the beginning, which leads us to the first interpretation of the play, namely the referential investigation, aiming at the identification of the murderer to whom we assign the variable x. However, the real subject of the play is not the identity of the alleged murderer, but that of the eponymous character. The accent shifts from the referential investigation to Oedipus’s beliefs about his own origin (“Who am IŒdipe?”). Therefore, we propose a second reading level that leads us to the analysis of the play as the story of the quest for identity. We will sustain our hypothesis with the help of the notions of reference – seen from a double perspective: (i) logical vs (ii) pragmatic – and the universe of belief.

"ROMANIAN TODAY – AN OVERVIEW", BY MARINELA DOINA NISTEA

Author(s): Raluca Ghentulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2012

"Savoirs professionnelles et curriculum de formation» sous la direction de Yves Lenoir et Marie-Hélène Bouillier-Oudot

Author(s): Ruxandra Constantinescu-Stefanel / Language(s): French / Issue: 16/2007

L'article est un compte-rendu du livre ecrit par treize sociologues de quatre pays francophones. Le livre=..'offre pas de solutions pratiques aux professeurs de fran9ais, mais constitue une composante importante desconnaissances general es de leur domaine. Les quelques solutions proposees aux prof esseurs de fran9ais sontpresentees brievement a la fin de I' article

(Mikro)Syntax in Mikrotexten. Syntaktische Analyse von Märchentiteln

Author(s): Magdalena Makowska / Language(s): German / Issue: XIV/2012

The article poses an attempt to provide an answer to the question whether in case ofa literary title, treated as a microtext, it is possible to talk about its specific microsyntax.The subject of analysis encompasses titles of contemporary German fables which are classified due to their syntax construction. The aim of the article is to show what kinds ofsyntax constructions can be regarded as dominant among fable titles for children as wellas to explain what that dominance results from and in what way/s it can influence perceptionin case of such a text recipient that a child is.

(RI)VLERËSIMI I HIBRIDITETEVE GJUHËSORE: RASTI I SHQIPES

Author(s): Julie Kolgjini / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

Recently emphasis has been placed on locating linguistic materials that reveal intermediate and hybrid constructions in the language in attempts to address various multifaceted imbalances in language codification, including hegemonic forces of standard language ideology. Such a focus situates Auer’s dialect-standard constellations of various European languages in the limelight, thus yielding space for discussions regarding the development of diaglossic repertoires and destandardization tendencies involving centrifugal elements in relation to various centripetal impositions; such constructions allow us “to...explore the linguistic loot forgotten in the folds of time” (Rutten, Vosters, & Vandenbussche, 2014, p. 14). These linguistic dynamics can also be brought to light when codification efforts of Albanian are examined. Such tendencies involving varying degrees of di(a)glossic language practices can be surmised when investigating written and spoken forms of language. Such a trajectory disrupts fixed, homogenizing, and ortholinguistic standardization efforts that have attempted to stymie various language movements. This paper addresses the meshing of heteroglossic forms in various genres, registers, and modes in Albanian in historical and contemporary milieus, thereby highlighting di(a)glossic forces at work in everyday language practices; an emphasis will also be placed on various situated centrifugal elements, including truncated forms, where language histories and changes ‘from below’ are considered.

25 let Českého národního korpusu a nová aplikace

Author(s): Václav Cvrcek,Michal Kren / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 20/2019

3D-Management pour l’anticipation et la formation des compétences professionnelles avancées des agents économiques

no

Author(s): Serguei I KAPITSA,Dmitry V GOLOHVASTOV / Language(s): French / Issue: 30/2014

La compétitivité de l’individu sur le marché du travail, de l’entreprise dans sonsecteur et du pays au niveau du système mondial, s’appuie sur la vision stratégique et surla prédiction, parfois intuitive et créative, du développement de l’environnement quiconcerne l’agent. L’approche de 3D-Management oriente des acteurs de l’activitééconomique à la nécessité d’agir au lieu de ré-agir. Pour atteindre le succès au niveauindividuel, corporatif ou national, il vaut mieux devenir agent que « ré-agent ». L’activité de formation dans le milieu global économique exige une analysesophistiquée de nombreux facteurs et facettes du développement car on ne peut pas selimiter à une logique linéaire et bornée. Pour maîtriser plusieurs dimensions de toute prisede décision, il faut savoir calculer, mais acquérir les compétences de voir la réalité sous lesangles différents, d’exprimer en langues et termes différents, est encore plus important etcrucial. La croissance innovante est construite sur la base d'une culture organisationnelleet économique anticipante. Les mécanismes de formation avancée visent à anticiper lesnouvelles compétences et les connaissances pour la ressource humaine ainsi que lesgestionnaires de l'entreprise.

4th International Language Management Symposium

Author(s): Halina Zawiszová,Martin Prošek / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

This texts reports on the 4th International Language Management Symposium, held in September 2015 at Sophia University in Tokyo, Japan.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

Author(s): Suzana Carmen Cismas / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2002

This article traces a history of educational objectives taking into account different types of objectives as well as different outlooks. The paper is constructed with the avowed aim to help readers understand some of the controversies regarding the use of “objective” as a technical term. It introduces recommendations for the specification of objectives (attention is paid to the notion of levels of specification and to various formulations of the concept of behavioural objectives) and it discusses problems associated with the status of objectives. Another purpose of this article is to examine structural relationships between objectives, the logic of intentions expressed by an objective, and the political status of statements of objectives. The final part deals with the usefulness of objectives in curriculum development, in lesson planning, in instructional design, in evaluation, and in the process of communicating to students.

A classification of collocations with special reference to those used in business English

Author(s): Alexander Hollinger / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2000

Based on the seminal contribution of Dumitru Chitoran (1965), this paper discusses wordcombinations used in business English, since collocations are a specific yet recurrenttype. A proposal to classify collocations using structural criteria may actually differ fromstandard references in the area. A series of eight examples present various types ofcombinations, either verb plus noun, adjective plus noun, verbs and adjectives or nounsonly. In conclusion, collocations are often clearly specialised, leaving though amplespace for further potential research since examples are far from being exhausted.

A Comparative Study of Perception of (Im)Politeness between Iranian EFL Learners and Americans: The Case of Request Speech Act

Author(s): Bahareh Ghasempour,Maryam Farnia / Language(s): English / Issue: 29/2016

Learning a language means learning the culture. What we act and speak reflect the culture of our language. Requests have attracted the attention of many researchers which they have often been investigated adjacent to the politeness (Liu, 2007; Jalilifar, 2009; Al-Marrani & Sazalie, 2010; Félix- Brasdefer, 2010; Youssef, 2012; Mohammadi & Tamimi Sa’d, 2014). The purpose of this study is to examine Iranian EFL learners, Persian native speakers, and American English native speakers’ perception of speech act of requests without politeness markers. To this end, the data were collected from 35 EFL learners, 35 Persian native speakers, and 14 English native speakers. The data were collected through an open ended questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Task and a Perception questionnaire in the form of Likert scale adopted from Saidi and Khosravi (2015). The questionnaire consists of situations with variations in contextual variables, i.e. social status: requests made by people of higher social status, equal social status and lower social status relative to the speakers. The participants were asked to imagine themselves in the situations and rate the (im)politeness of each request situation on a 4-point Likert scale. Moreover, they were required to write down what they would say if they were in a situation without politeness markers. A translated version of questionnaire was handed to Persian native speakers. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between EFL learners and English native participants, and also between EFL learners and Persian speakers’ perceptions of (im)politeness of different request situations. Moreover, by comparing the three groups of participants who perceived a request as mostly/ slightly impolite, the writer provided information about their expectations of politeness in different situations. It is hoped that the findings of this study can add to the body of knowledge in speech act studies in general and to our understanding of Iranian EFL learners and Persian native speakers’ perception of (im)politeness in particular.