Certainty and doubt in academic discourse: Epistemic modality markers in English and Polish linguistics articles

Author(s): Krystyna Warchał / Language(s): English

Certainty and doubt in academic discourse: Epistemic modality markers in English and Polish linguistics articles: 01 Academic discourse and its rhetoric02 Rozdz. 2, cz. 1. Linguistic modality: Approaches and concepts; Modal meanings and values03 Rozdz. 2, cz. 2. Linguistic...: Epistemic modality markers; Modality in academic discourse: Previous studies; Concluding remarks04 The project05 Rozdz. 4, cz. 1. Markers of (un)certainty in English and Polish linguistics articles: High-value markers06 Rozdz. 4, cz. 2. Markers of (un)certainty in English and Polish linguistics articles: Middle-value markers07 Rozdz. 4, cz. 3. Markers of (un)certainty in English and Polish linguistics articles: Low-value markers08 Conclusions; ReferencesThe subject of the work are linguistic indicators of the degree of judicial certainty in scientific articles in the field of linguistics in English and Polish. The starting point for the research undertaken is the conviction that the different intellectual traditions in which Polish and English academic communication was shaped - traditions that perceive the status of scientific knowledge and the process of its creation differently, the relationship between the author and the reader, and finally the act of writing and the degree of dialogicality of a scientific text - may be reflected in various beliefs about what a scientific fact is and what remains in the realm of hypotheses, assumptions and proposals awaiting confirmation and acceptance of the academic community. These differences, in turn, would suggest that authors from these two cultures may attach different importance to the clear marking of hypothetical content and judgments accompanied by a high degree of certainty, mark them in different ways, with different frequency and in different places of argument. This paper attempts to determine whether such differences exist and, if so, which exponents of epistemic modality they relate to and how they proceed. // The work can be a voice in the discussion on the differences in the styles of academic argumentation characteristic of particular cultures and disciplines, provide data for comparative research on epistemic meanings and their function in different types of discourse, and be a reference point for further analyzes taking into account other languages, genres and disciplines.

Słownik nazwisk mieszkańców Piotrkowa Trybunalskiego i okolic w XIX I XX wieku tom 1 A - G

Author(s): Raszewska-Klimas Agnieszka,Piotrowicz Elżbieta,Pacan-Bonarek Lidia / Language(s): Polish

Słownik mieszkańców Piotrkowa Trybunalskiego i okolic w XIX i XX wieku tom 2 H - Ł

Author(s): Raszewska-Klimas Agnieszka,Piotrowicz Elżbieta,Pacan-Bonarek Lidia / Language(s): Polish

Współczesny słownik bułgarsko-polski. Zeszyt I

Author(s): Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak,Violetta Koseska-Toszewa,Ludmila Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian,Polish

The “Contemporary Bulgarian-Polish dictionary”, being prepared by Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak and Violetta Koseska-Toszewa with collaboration from Ludmila Dimitrova, is a contrastive description of Bulgarian and Polish vocabulary, including the newest lexis – the codification of which has not been attempted since the last edition of Franciszek Sławski’s “Concise Bulgarian-Polish dictionary (“Podręczny słownik bułgarsko-polski”) in 1987.“Since this time major changes have taken place not only in Bulgarian and Polish vocabulary but also in the methodology of dictionary entry formulation. In compiling this dictionary we were helped by: studies of a great number of source texts, language corpora, hundreds of conversations with native speakers of Bulgarian as well as other […] lexicographical works by prominent linguists” (from the authors).

Historical Issues in Hamito-Semitic and Indo-European Languages. Zagadnienia historyczne w chamito-semickich i indoeuropejskich językach

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Polish

The volume entitled Historical Issues in Hamito-Semitic and Indo-European languages is a collection of nine articles devoted above all to selected problems associated with the influence of Hamito-Semitic languages on certain Indo-European languages in the remote past. The articles also discuss other subjects associated with general linguistics (phonology, dialectology, linguistic shift and magic.

Kawa czy herbata? Pierwszy telewizyjny program śniadaniowy. Komunikat polimodalny z perspektywy lingwistyki dyskursu

Author(s): Ewelina Tyc / Language(s): Polish

The dissertation presents a detailed analysis of the first national morning programme Kawa czy herbata? [coffee or tea?]. The morning show was broadcast on TVP 1 from 1992 to 2013, i.e. for twenty one years. This was a period of major changes not only in the Polish television but also in all mass media.“Breakfast Television” as an idea of morning bands is willingly watched in Poland. It is proved by both the viewing ratings, as well as by the presence of the morning band not only in each of the leading television stations in Poland but also in local stations (eg. TVP Katowice). The work is made up of two main parts, which are divided into specific sections. In the theoretical part, we present the state of media research work. We describe in detail the methodology, that is, discourse analysis and the linguistic picture of the world , the world media and the discursive image of the world. In the second, analytical part of the study we have described the TV programme Kawa czy herbata?. The material has been discussed in terms of four aspects of the genre’s standard developed by Maria Wojtak: structural aspect, pragmatic aspect, stylistic aspect and cognitive aspect.As regards the structure, we have discussed both the whole programme and its individualparts. In terms of the pragmatic aspect, the analysis involves the actors of the discourse underanalysis, namely the presenters of the programme and the stage on which they act – the studio. In terms of the stylistic aspect, in turn, the research is directed at the individual style of selected hosts. The final, cognitive aspect relates to the concept of the media picture of the world which was created in the morning program Kawa czy herbata?.The considerations undertaken in the present work form part of the current research on discourse linguistics and media linguistics.

Zur Klassifizierung der Prädikative

Author(s): Justyna Dolińska / Language(s): German

The problems of classification of predicatives and related terminology remain unresolved. Which constructions should be included in this category and how to label their types? And how to call these elements that do not fall under the umbrella term of the predicative? This book classifies and provides terminology for predicative constructions on the basis of an analysis of selected grammars of German. To obtain a better insight into the problem area, some relevant aspects of the Polish language are also taken into consideration. The analysis of selected grammars focuses on words and word-groups which function as predicatives. The findings present a complex picture of various approaches to predicative expressions. This multiplicity of viewpoints results from different criteria of classification adopted in the literature and from the complexity of the problem itself.

Słownictwo polszczyzny gwarowej na Brasławszczyźnie

Author(s): Janusz Rieger / Language(s): Polish

This publication shows a lexical richness of Polish language in the area of Brasław. In the dictionary, one will find interesting archaisms, and regionalisms, loan-words from Belorussian, Lithuanian, and Russian. The Part "Hasła rzeczowe" informs more thoroughly about the rural life, about Illness and medicine in the countryside, about traditional customs and beliefs, about religious practice and persecution of the Church in the area. The reader will also find some information about forced resettlements to Siberia and the harshness of life in the Kolkhoz reality.This book is designed for those interested in the Polish language and the region of Brasław. It can be interesting for the linguist, but also for sociologist and historian. It is a tribute to those, who protected their language and transferred it to their descendants.

Complementarity of Space and Time in Distance Representations.

Author(s): Jacek Tadeusz Waliński / Language(s): English

This book presents a cognitive linguistic study of distance representations carried out using the British National Corpus and the National Corpus of Polish. Corpus­based examination of linguistic expressions of spatial expanse in the semantic context of motion events suggests that as language users we are at certain liberty to choose either spatial or temporal conceptualization of distance according to what suits our subjective profiling needs relevant to a particular situation. From the perspective of research presented in this book, the entanglement of time and space in cognition is a rabbit hole phenomenon that runs deep beyond the ties that bind space to time in motion, on the one hand, and the socio-cultural sedimentation of meaning through commonly used phraseology, on the other. It appears to hinge on a higher-order ontological and epistemological distinction between objects and events, which may influence our spatial-temporal reasoning. Additionally, this book demonstrates a cognitive schema of temporaI horizon emergent from the frequency of expressions denoting temporaI distance found in spontaneous informal conversations. Taken together the research presented in this volume indicates that, at least in certain contexts, space and time can act in a complementary manner in cognition.

Языковой монументализм в России XX века. Диахроническая экспликация научных парадигм

Author(s): Jaroslaw Wierzbiński / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish

This book subscribes to the analysis of the Russian language in the 20th century and addresses a wide spectrum of notions from the Russian cultural and linguistic reality of this century, that is in the context of Soviet mass culture. The present author focuses on the issues central to the formation of reality after 1917 and on shaping the Russian language at the time, its vocabulary in particular, which represents the people’s mentality at the time. The time concerns ideological and rhetorical picture of the world presented, mainly the view of language and its manifestation in Russia after the revolution. This research shows an interdisciplinary orientation. Linguistic analyses were extended by issues relevant to semiotics, culture studies, sociolinguistic and psycholinguistics in reference to different communicative contexts. The theoretical basis is enriched by cognitive linguistics. Based on its primary assumptions and concepts, this work discusses the most important aspects of the Russian linguistic presentation of reality. This work shows a contemporary insight into the Russian language of the 20th century, offering a perspective from the turn of the century and in the context of ongoing changes in Russia.

Jest, był, będzie czy byłby? Zagadki czasów i trybów w języku francuskim

Author(s): Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik / Language(s): Polish

This volume is addressed not only to teachers, students, and all intermediate and advanced learners of French, but also to those who study other languages and wish to expand their general knowledge of how people perceive the reality, how they process data, how they encode them in language, and, finally, how they construct utterances. The book explains the use and function of tenses and moods in French, at the same time drawing attention to the fact that the same situation may be expressed with various tenses and moods. With the help of well-chosen figures and a style of exposition which resembles a conversation with the reader, it describes the process of choosing a particular tense and/or mood in an accessible way, pointing to the mechanisms of processing data by native speakers. In this way, it demonstrates in what ways French speakers picture various situations and what grammatical and lexical consequences these visualisations entail. The book includes also verb conjugation patterns, with particular emphasis on high-frequency verbs. A separate chapter discusses the choice of the auxiliary verb in complex tenses. The book will be of interest to those who enjoy learning languages, are fond of puzzles, and do not avoid challenges.

Kuchnia w języku i kulturze dawniej i dziś

Author(s): Tomasz Gęsina,Wioletta Wilczek / Language(s): Polish

Formy perswazji

Author(s): Jacek Warchala / Language(s): Polish

Persuasion is a conscious communicative action the purpose of which is to influence the recipient and thereby to change her position on the subject in question or to throw her off her previous attitude or conviction. The broadest formula of persuasive activity, suggested by Jürgen Habermas’s idealist conception of communication, assumes the type of strategic communicative behaviour which implies influence exercising instead of consent. Within the consent-versus-influence model, or the model of formal pragmatics proposed by Habermas, the agreement of speech act participants is tantamount to the comprehension of a linguistically standarized utterance, and is nothing more than the knowledge of general conditions in which the listener may accept the utterance. Important here are interpersonal relations of participants in the communication process as well as intersubjective communicative community understood as the agreement on the accepted and shared norms of co-operation within the speech act, of shared propositonal knowledge and of trust in the interlocutor’s subjective sincerity. In the influence model which includes not only persuasion but also manipulation these three conditions may not be fulfilled. For example, the sender does not need to (and usually does not) articulate in a sincere way his suppositions, intentions, feelings or wishes; the listener may not share his/her knowledge, and the speaker may not need to articulate a true judgment. Finally, the listener may not accept interpersonal reference as legitimate, that is, she needs neither to know fully nor accept the superiority/ inferiority norm imposed by the speaker.

Zwierzę – Język – Emocje. Dyskursy i narracje

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish

Słowiański krąg. Słowo – myśl – obraz w tradycji i współczesności

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian,Polish

Linguarum silva. T. 8: Język w (kon)tekście… Szkice historycznojęzykowe, porównawcze i współczesne

Author(s): Barbara Mitrenga / Language(s): Polish

The following article has been written on the basis of historical, sociolinguistic and etymological study concerning the interaction of the Slavic languages: Polish and Ukrainian. The importance of this article consists in its pioneering study of paronyms and homonyms in Ukrainian and Polish, focusing on the etymological aspect, on the basis of a comparative approach to homonymic lexical units, which, in turn, reveals the importance of ‘false friends’ in the contemporary social life. The aim of this study, then, is to showcase selected homonymic and paronymic lexical units in the etymological aspect.

Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi). Cz. 1

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz,Małgorzata Korytkowska,Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska,Agnieszka Zatorska / Language(s): Bulgarian,Russian,Polish

“Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)” (An integrated semantic and syntactic description of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: Verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi) includes an extensive monographic study of two classes of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: verbs of thinking (verba cogitandi) and verbs of feeling (verba sentiendi), as well as two dictionaries featuring their semantic and syntactic descriptions. The study aims to investigate relations between the syntactic and semantic layer, which are greatly determined by features of the verbs that build sentence structures. The authors analyse semantic-syntactic processes in sentence structures identified in the study material – most of which involve condensation – and formal manifestations of basic sentence categories that have an impact on the features of syntactic structures. The study also involves important lexicographic questions, concerning not only the form and content of dictionary entries but also their delimitation, that is, drawing a line beyond which items under consideration display different features and thus should make up separate entries. Since the volume concerns three Slavic languages, it also includes some observations and conclusions on their contrastive features.

Słownik Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy. Wersja polsko-łacińska

Author(s): Elżbieta Kędelska,Irena Kwilecka,Arleta Łuczak / Language(s): Polish,Latin

Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz was among the most outstanding early 16th century Bydgoszcz Friars Minor of the Observance. He authored six manuscripts, totalling over 2,600 pages. His Latin-Polish dictionaries of 1532 and 1544 contain Polish material which is so rich that the works are considered the most extensive collections of Polish vocabulary from the first half of the 16th century. The 1532 manuscript (entitled Vocabularius ex Calepino, Breviloquo et Mamotrecto recollectus) counts 257 leaves and contains 4,276 Polish words as equivalents to 4,488 Latin entries. Bartholomew’s second lexicon took on the form of notes on the margins of the famous 600-page-long 15th century Latin dictionary of Johann Reuchlin (Vocabularius breviloquus, Argentine 1488). In this second work, Batholomew lists Polish equivalents for over 11,000 Latin entries. Altogether, this listing covers around 7,000 new words that were absent from the 1532 dictionary. Bartholomew’s lexicons include Polish words from various spheres of life. Apart from basic vocabulary, they feature abundant specialist lexis, represented by philosophical, theological, naturalist and medical, legal, maritime, grammar and biblical terminology. Both dictionaries bring together not only rich Polish and Latin language material but also numerous idiosyncratic entries, not attested in such voluminous works as Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of 16th century Polish language] or Słownik łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce [Dictionary of medieval Latin in Poland]. The dictionaries by Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz were not intended for print. They served as, among other things, textbooks in the school of philosophy at his monastery in Bydgoszcz and an encyclopaedia of his contemporary world, summarising information from various fields of science and of practice, like preparation of medicines. This complete “reversed” Polish-Latin version of Bartholomew's dictionary, published by the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, in 1999-2019 features more than 10,600 Polish words (entries).

Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz,Małgorzata Korytkowska,Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska,Agnieszka Zatorska / Language(s): Bulgarian,Russian,Polish

“Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)” (An integrated semantic and syntactic description of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: Verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi) includes an extensive monographic study of two classes of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: verbs of thinking (verba cogitandi) and verbs of feeling (verba sentiendi), as well as two dictionaries featuring their semantic and syntactic descriptions. The study aims to investigate relations between the syntactic and semantic layer, which are greatly determined by features of the verbs that build sentence structures. The authors analyse semantic-syntactic processes in sentence structures identified in the study material – most of which involve condensation – and formal manifestations of basic sentence categories that have an impact on the features of syntactic structures. The study also involves important lexicographic questions, concerning not only the form and content of dictionary entries but also their delimitation, that is, drawing a line beyond which items under consideration display different features and thus should make up separate entries. Since the volume concerns three Slavic languages, it also includes some observations and conclusions on their contrastive features.

Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz,Małgorzata Korytkowska,Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska,Agnieszka Zatorska / Language(s): Bulgarian,Russian,Polish

“Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)” (An integrated semantic and syntactic description of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: Verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi) includes an extensive monographic study of two classes of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: verbs of thinking (verba cogitandi) and verbs of feeling (verba sentiendi), as well as two dictionaries featuring their semantic and syntactic descriptions. The study aims to investigate relations between the syntactic and semantic layer, which are greatly determined by features of the verbs that build sentence structures. The authors analyse semantic-syntactic processes in sentence structures identified in the study material – most of which involve condensation – and formal manifestations of basic sentence categories that have an impact on the features of syntactic structures. The study also involves important lexicographic questions, concerning not only the form and content of dictionary entries but also their delimitation, that is, drawing a line beyond which items under consideration display different features and thus should make up separate entries. Since the volume concerns three Slavic languages, it also includes some observations and conclusions on their contrastive features.