Okuma bozukluğunun göz izleme ve makine öğrenmesiyle belirlenmesi: Alanyazının gözden geçirilmesi

Author(s): Esmehan Özer,Rahime Duygu Temeltürk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Reading disorder, namely dyslexia, is described as the difficulty in the pronunciation and comprehensiondimensions of reading. Studies in which dyslexia, one of the most common learning disorders, are examinedusing a technology-based and innovative technique, eye tracking, are frequently encountered. By means ofeye tracking, the saccade and the fixation of dyslexic readers are reached during reading and analysis areperformed with the obtained physiological data. Thus, the analysis and examination of the reading skills ofindividuals with dyslexia and their reading performance and profiles are revealed. In addition, in recent years,eye tracking and machine learning have started to be applied together in determining whether a reader is dys-lexic or not. This review aimed to analyze and summarize the researches carried out to identify dys-lexicindividuals using eye tracking and machine learning. For this reason, in the article, after the definitions of eyemovements and machine learning algorithms, studies on the detection of dyslexia in readers in four differentlanguages, namely Spanish, Swedish, Greek and Finnish, were summarized. Therefore, it is critical to evaluateindividuals with dyslexia clinically and educationally with physiological data, to diagnose them in the earliestperiod, to apply specific intervention programs, and to prevent academic failure and negative experiences.Thus, the accurate diagnosis can be made without loss of time and economic loss as a result of the applicationof eye tracking and machine learning even if it is complementary by clinical psychologists, guidance, psychological counseling and special education specialists in psychiatry clinics and guidance research centers. Inaddition to studies conducted in four different languages regarding the diagnosis of reading disorders withhigh accuracy using eye tracking and machine learning, individuals with dyslexia whose mother tongue isTurkish can also be evaluated and diagnosed in this way at the earliest age and specific intervention programscan be designed for them.

Фигурата на бащата за развитието и възпитанието на детето (или за какво служи бащата)

Author(s): Petya Ivanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The question of the role of the father has been at the core of human culture since ancient times. However, in Western culture and civilization, we have witnessed a historical trend of neglecting and underestimating the figure of the father. The disappearance of his primitive role as the person who sets and maintains boundaries is at the root of many of the modern problems of children, arising from the dilution of the restrictive function of upbringing. The purpose of this publication is to outline the key role of the figure and functions of the father. Attention is paid to fatherhood as an object of interpretation from the point of view of philosophy, ethics, pedagogy, psychology, and psychoanalysis.

Development of the Perceived Maternal Narcissism Scale

Author(s): Emre Han Alpay,Arzu Aydın / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

A mother's pathological narcissistic traits can lead to several adverse childhood experiences. However, there is no measurement tool to assess these detrimental effects of maternal narcissism on the child's perception. The current study aims to develop and examine the psychometric prop-erties of the Perceived Maternal Narcissism Scale (PMNS). In this article, we conducted three studies with 720 participants. In studies 1 and 2, we developed PMNS and evaluated its reliability and validity. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results provided evidence for 23 items and a five-factor solution (lack of empathy, grandiosity, criticism, control-manipulation, and parentification-exploitation) to assess maternal narcissism from the child's perception. Moreover, PMNS scores were significantly associated with parental attitudes and parentification measures. The PMNS demonstrated good reliability in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Finally, study 3 obtained the PMNS scores from children associated with obtained Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory scores from their mothers. The results of three studies have shown that the PMNS is a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess mothers’ narcissistic traits from the children’ perception.

„Пак, значи, вещицата ще помага“ (Драматургията на Йохан Волфганг фон Гьоте и раждането на метапсихологията)

Author(s): Maria Kalinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 32/2024

The article traces an “anachrony” introduced by Sigmund Freud, in which the order of events in the history of cultural influence is reversed and the author of “The Interpretation of Dreams” becomes a contemporary of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and the birth of the dramatist is paired with the birth of metapsychology. This inverted genealogy is interesting because, along with turning the “father” of psychoanalysis into an ancestor of the author of “Faust”, the theoretical question is raised not about the birth, but about the “extra-birth” or “overproduction” of psychoanalysis. As part of the argument of the text is a commentary on the persistent presence of the figure of Goethe’s Mephistopheles in Freud’s writings, so that the figure can give form to the formless, the unnameable, the disappearing, allowing the possible contours of something that refuses to be scientific to be revealed.

Neuropsychology Evaluation and Application to Students with Written Expression Disorder

Author(s): Zacharias Papanikolaou / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of mirror writing by employing modern neuropsychological techniques, specifically optics challenging dynamics (P100), and by providing pedagogical approaches for problem-solving. The focus is on investigating the disorders of written expression in typically developing children who are introduced to the process of learning to write. Additionally, the paper examines the developmental differences in visual and kinetic skills among preschool and first-grade children. The research hypotheses revolve around the reduction in mirror writing occurrence during handwriting practice, the progressive development of visuospatial orientation and visuomotor skills, the impact of hand preference on handwriting tendencies, and the potential association between dyslexic handwriting and prolonged P100 latency in neuropsychological examinations. The study involves a sample of 100 participants, including kindergarten children and first-grade students. It utilizes both standardized tests and neuropsychological assessments, specifically visual evoked potentials (VEPs), to gather data. By addressing these research objectives, the article aims to contribute to the advancement of visuomotor skills, particularly in terms of visuospatial discrimination, controlled visual attention, and the healthy functioning of the visual pathway, while highlighting the differences in neuronal maturation and interhemispheric communication that underlie mirror writing.

Затруднения в писането при деца със специални образователни потребности в начална училищна възраст през призмата на ерготерапевтите в България

Author(s): Margarita Asparuhova-Kandilarova,Petya Mincheva,Lilia Todorova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The paper presents the results from an online survey with 17 Bulgarian occupational therapists. They shared their experience while working with students with writing difficulties, indicating their strengths and the barriers they face. The research findings describe some common tendencies in the development of pediatric occupational therapy in Bulgaria with a focus on the role of the occupational therapist in multidisciplinary teams supporting students with special educational needs. Based on the research, initial guidelines are provided for establishing the occupational therapy profession in the field of inclusive education

Училищната успеваемост на селските ромски деца в условия на билингвизъм

Author(s): Oksana Ushakova,Hristo Kyuchukov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This article presents the results of a study conducted among Roma children from Bulgaria living in rural areas. A total of 80 children participated in it (1st-grade students n = 40 /20 Roma and 20 Bulgarian/, and 4th-grade students n = 40 /20 Roma and 20 Bulgarian/). It was carried out at the end of the school year. The Roma children constituted the experimental group, and the Bulgarian ones the control group. The results showed that, at the end of the 1st grade, Roma children have not gained the minimum knowledge required, and 4th-grade students have acquired partial knowledge of the Bulgarian language. In conclusion, the authors suggest changes to the curricula, textbooks and teaching methodology in order to make Bulgarian language education successful for all students, including Roma children living in rural areas.

Aspects of institutional religiosity and/or (non-) credibility of european social survey in Montenegro

Author(s): Vladimir B. Bakrač / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2024

Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS) from 2018/2019 and 2020/2021, the author investigates the contemporary religious structure in Montenegro, using the variables included in the survey: religious identification, self-assessment of religiosity, attendance at religious services, and prayer. The comparison involves all three confessions in Montenegro: Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and believers of the Islamic religious community. The main goal of the research is to determine whether there has been a shift in religiosity and whether there is an emphasized distance in the religiosity of the three confessions in this country. Moreover, the goal is to get an insight into the current situation regarding religiosity in Montenegro. The working hypothesis is that there is a current stabilization of the religious structure in Montenegro and a discrepancy between religious and confessional declarations and religious practices. Hereupon, we analyse the dimensions of religiosity with regard to basic socio-demographic characteristics and political orientations. The results have shown that there is no significant discrepancy in sex structure. The connection between dimensions of religiosity and “right-wing” political orientation is also registered.

The sustainability of ethno-religious identity as the dominant form of collective identification in Kosovo and Metohija

Author(s): Snežana S. Popić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2024

Collective identity is a construct of the highest level of abstraction, while different forms of more specifically determined symbolic boundaries form hierarchical frameworks and the structure of collective identifications. Ethnic identifications in the Kosovo territory are recognized as inseparable from religious affiliation, which is also in line with the increasing presence of the term “ethno-religious identity” (G. Duijzings). Ethnicity and nation are derived primordially, marking the “supra-family” (A. Smith) or “metaphorical kinship” (T. H. Eriksen). Such concepts unify the perceptions of the common blood and common origin which needs to be defended like holy objects with the feat of unconditionally sacrificing own life. The territory of Kosovo and Metohija may be distinguished as an example of eternal (struggle of) ancestral land for both war-stricken communities. The ancestral land is the basis of the imagined modern nation, but it becomes particularly strong only when the majority community establishes its own national religion as well. The basis of Kosovo ethnic identities has been shaped by cultural concepts, mainly the religious basis. The dynamics of relations between the communities in this territory is ethnically defined, but it constitutes a paradigm of inversion of the primary boundaries of collective identity from confessional to ethnic ones. From a more abstract perspective, this region was a constant example of the genealogical-ethnic basis of constructing collective identity (Popić, 2021). A question arises what has remained today behind ethno-religious boundaries as traditionally dominant frameworks of collective identifications of this territory. Has ethno-religious identity been exceeded or does it still remain a dominant form of collective identifications in Kosovo and Metohija today? Namely, how important is religious affiliation to the young in modern Kosovo and Metohija and to what extent do they express trust in their parent religious community? Does religion here contribute to the building of the feeling of interethnic togetherness? This paper is aimed at critical consideration of the issue of the sustainability of the ethno-religious identity concept in defining the structure of collective identifications in Kosovo and Metohija. The analysis is given from the perspective of key theoretical positions about the ethno-religious shaping of collective identifications in Kosovo and Metohija, and then in the context of modern social changes shaping multiple social realities in this territory and, finally at the empirical level, about relevant modern identification ethno-religious transformations established among the Kosovo students of Serbian and Albanian ethnicities. The data have been obtained in a survey conducted at the beginning of this decade. The interpretation of these transformations points to the matter of necessary reconceptualization of the grounds on which collective identity is built in this territory. In sociological terms, it is important to monitor whether and to what extent politically relevant identities are defined by ethno-religious markers (original and new), similarities and differences.

Contemporary considerations of the relationship between science and religion

Author(s): Drago M. Đurić,Petar I. Nurkić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2024

Modern debates on science and religion draw wide audiences due to the popularity of the subject. Yet, these audiences often lack in-depth knowledge about both fields, which leads them to firmly support one side, usually retaining their core beliefs even after the debate. This paper explores several possible relationships between science and religion: conflict, independence, dialogue, and integration. We challenge the view that science and religion are independent, operating on separate grounds, and assert that similar problems hold true for dialogue and integration. Beliefs formed at an early age are difficult to correct, and dialogue rarely alters deep-rooted convictions, frequently causing conflicts. The paper advocates that early education about the nature of science and religion is a key strategy in mitigating or preventing conflicts between the two.

Prayer, civic engagement and culture: A comparative study of Serbia and Malta

Author(s): Matthew Pulis,Ljiljana D. Ćumura,Luke J. Buhagiar / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2024

Contemporary open societies are characterised by pluralism, indicating differences in values and practices. Religiosity and civic engagement are intertwined in various ways, with processes changing across the Balkans and Southern Europe. Accordingly, in this study, we present the results of a survey that explores different relationships between (a) socio-demographic variables, (b) types of prayer engaged in by people, and (c) civic engagement in Serbia (the Balkans) and Malta (Southern Europe). Questionnaires with the same content were distributed in Malta (in English) and in Serbia (in Serbian). Our analysis reveals both similarities and differences relating to the following two main patterns: (1) all types of prayer correlated significantly with civic engagement behaviour in both countries; and (2) the frequency of prayer types, and the correlations between specific prayer types and civic engagement behaviour, ranked differently in both countries. Our discussion focuses on the implications of these patterns for open societies and intercultural dialogue.

Religious catechism in serbian schools since 1990 until today (reasons for implementation, actual situation and perspectives)

Author(s): Dragan M. Todorović,Dragoljub B. Đorđević,Zorica S. Kuburić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2024

Religious education was introduced into the system of institutional education in Serbia in the autumn of 2001. The decision on the new subject was made at the political level, in line with a special decree by the Serbian government and Zoran Đinđić, PhD, Serbian Prime Minister at the time, without an official approval of the relevant ministry. After two decades of teaching Religious Education in the Serbian educational system, a question arises about the assessment of the results and impact of religious education in Serbian state-funded primary and secondary schools. To what extent do the secular school program, based on positive scientific knowledge, and the dogmatic confessional approach to matters of socialization and upbringing of complete persons coincide or clash with each other? Following a short historical overview of the presence of religious education in Serbia, the focus of this paper is to offer a critical review of religious education textbooks and the status of religious education teachers, achievements and effects of two-decade implementation of religious catechism in Serbian schools, functions of religious education in state-funded schools, and present-day discussions of Serbian experts of different profiles regarding the place and advantages of the confessional model of religious catechism in Serbia’s educational system. At the end of the paper, the authors submit a proposal for the ways in which religious education can be improved in Serbia.

The Influence of Social Mobility on the Reconstruction of Identity among International Students – Case Study of Serbia

Author(s): Milica Z. Vesković Anđelković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2024

The article investigates the influence of social mobility on the personal identity of international students during their stay abroad or upon returning to their home countries. The analysis data were collected through a questionnaire. In the introduction and theoretical section of the paper, we examine social mobility and its potential in post-socialist Serbia. We operationalize social mobility through educational attainment, comparing the education levels of parents and students. We assume that identity is fluid and subject to reconstruction based on the social context and inclusion in various practices. We utilized the binary regression analysis to assess the impact of social mobility alongside other socio-demographic factors. The findings indicate that the mothers’ education level and the duration of the respondents’ stay abroad significantly influence students’ perceptions of personal identity changes.

Causes and manifestations of homicide resulting from domestic violence in the Republic of Serbia

Author(s): Dragana Z. Kolarić,Saša M. Marković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2024

As for the nature and scope of the research, we emphasize that it included: the nature of the objects used in cases involving homicide; crime scene; family relationships between the perpetrator and the victim; measures taken by state authorities; analysis of the causes of depriving family members of their lives; the number of suicides following the cases of homicide, and types of homicides. The methods used include primarily the statistical method, at the level of descriptive statistics; case study method; content analysis method, and formal-logical method. It has been found that the application of the pre-crime concept gives certain positive results that are related to our research problem. They are reflected in the reduced number of victims deprived of their lives as a result of domestic violence. On the other hand, however, we notice a negative tendency of an increased number of homicides in the events involving perpetrators/repeat offenders who were previously reported due to domestic violence, which may bring into question the effectiveness in the acting of the competent state authorities.

Природата и нейните остойностявания

Author(s): Ivaylo Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

METAPHORIC PERCEPTIONS OF FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT REGARDING ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Author(s): Cem Aslan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This research aims to ascertain the metaphorical perceptions of families with children with visual impairment regarding assistive technologies. The phenomenological pattern, a qualitative research approach, was utilized in this research. Fifty-four families with children with visual impairment participated in this research. The research employed a data collection tool comprising two sections. The first part captured the demographic information of the families, while the second part featured an open-ended questionnaire containing the prompt, "Assistive technologies are like/similar to… because..." The research data underwent content analysis. Ultimately, the researcher identified 47 distinct metaphors that families with children with visual impairment associated with assistive technologies. Overall, metaphors such as "eye," "family," "friend," "book," "light," "school," "compass," and "star" were prominent. Furthermore, the researcher categorized the metaphors devised by the families with children with visual impairment into six distinct themes: "support," "guidance," "education," "facilitating life," "entertainment," and "independence."

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: EXPLORING LIFE SATISFACTION THROUGH META-ANALYSIS

Author(s): Nuri Erdemir,Ali Kis / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This study aims to determine the life satisfaction of university students on the basis of gender. Using a quantitative perspective, the study aims to assess the effects of gender on life satisfaction and aims to provide a comprehensive understanding. SMD analysis method was used to evaluate the effect size of life satisfaction based on gender. In this study, 40 studies with appropriate data for the variables were included in the analysis. The total sample consisted of 20063 students, of which 12564 were female and 7499 were male. According to the REM results, there was a statistically significant and small effect size in favor of women (Cohen's d=0.20). There was moderate heterogeneity in terms of overall effect size (Q=117.193, p=0.000; I2 =66.722). The heterogeneity test of the studies was Q=117,193. In addition, it was found to have a heterogeneous structure p=0,000 (p<.05). It was found to be moderate heterogeneity I2 =66,722. Related methods were used to understand the publication bias. As a result of this study, a statistically significant effect size in terms of gender and a small effect size in favor of women (Cohen's d=0.20) were found. It may be recommended that future research on this subject should include qualitative studies on why life satisfaction levels are relatively low in male students and relatively high in female students.

Moștenirea scindată a lui D. W. Griffith.

Author(s): Andrei Zamfirescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2024

This article by Andrei-Călin Zamfirescu critically examines the controversial legacy of D. W. Griffith's 1915 film "The Birth of a Nation." The film, celebrated for its technical innovations but condemned for its racist portrayal of African Americans and glorification of the Ku Klux Klan, has sparked debates since its release. Zamfirescu explores the ideological underpinnings and historical distortions within the film, tracing its impact on American cultural and racial dynamics. He discusses the film's use of 19th-century nationalist myths, its role in the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, and its enduring influence on American cinema and societal attitudes towards race.

Радмила Стојановић, Озренка Бјелобрк Бабић (2023): Универзитетски уџбеник вокално-инструменталне наставе/музике.

Author(s): Alma H. Trtovac Dedeić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Радмила Стојановић, Озренка Бјелобрк Бабић (2023): Универзитетски уџбеник вокално-инструменталне наставе/музике. Бања Лука: Филозофски факултет Универзитета у Бањој Луци и Арт Сцена д. о. о., стр. 194.

Sociální klima učitelských sborů: Kvalitativní kvaziexperiment

Author(s): Andrea Rozkovcová,Petr Urbánek,Helena Picková,Jitka Jursová,Magda Nišponská,Oto Dymokurský / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The favourable social climate of the teaching staff is one of the key indicators of the quality of school functioning. The text presents five research phases of a qualitative longitudinal pre-post quasi-experiment implemented in the environment of school life. In 37 schools, the climate of the teaching staffs was repeatedly measured with the OCDQ-RS questionnaire in the pre- and post-intervention phase of the experiment. In six of these schools, qualitative research procedures were carried out in order to determine the causes and contexts of the state of the climate and intervention procedures aimed at supporting the development of a favourable teaching staff climate. In the post-intervention phase, focus groups were implemented in six intervened schools to supplement the context. The aim of the research was to find out what effects intervention procedures can have on the climate and under what conditions they can be successful. The results confirm repeated findings about the key role of school leadership in shaping and maintaining a favourable climate of the staff by increasing trust across the staff, promoting open communication and meaningful cooperation of all actors, and leading to shared meanings of events in the school and general acceptance of the school’s values and concept.