GOVOR MRŽNJE I PRAVO NA OBRAZOVANJE DECE I MLADIH MARGINALIZOVANIH GRUPA

Author(s): Zorica Mršević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 8/2023

The starting thesis of this work is equal right of children and youth from marginalized groups to education that their peers have everywhere in the world. Since marginalization is exclusion from society caused by discrimination, and hate speech is one form of verbal discrimination, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between hate speech and the right to education. Hate speech includes all forms of expression that spread, incite, promote or justify racial hatred, xenophobia, anti-Semitism or other forms of hatred based on intolerance, including expressed intolerance of aggressive nationalism and ethnocentrism, discrimination and hostility towards minorities, migrants, foreigners. The goal of the paper is to show that hate speech in the public discourse contributes to the spread of hate speech to educational institutions where it can have particularly negative effects. Among the students of marginalized groups, it causes fear, mistrust, distance, a feeling of not belonging, even hatred towards the school and other institutions of society. In majority students, it causes a feeling of "permissibility" of exclusionary, discriminatory or even violent behavior towards members of marginalized groups, but also a tendency to spread marginalization to others who are different, unpopular, poorer, weaker. The consequences are causing fear even among those who are not directly targeted, and who may fear the possibility of their own victimization and marginalization in the social environment of tolerated public expression of hatred and possible violence. It is concluded that hate speech is a factor causing effects reduction and destruction of education process, which leads to weakening of the school success of students from marginalized groups, their dropping out of school and thus their further social exclusion, poverty and lifelong marginalization. At the same time, the effects of education as one of the most important means for improving integration and social cohesion by creating a common educational space with equal opportunities for all are significantly diminished or disabled.

ZAŠTITA PRAVA NA ZDRAVLJE I OBRAZOVANJE ŽRTAVA SEKSUALNOG NASILJA U RATU

Author(s): Miodrag N. Simović,Azra Adžajlić-Dedović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 8/2023

The adoption of the United Nations Secretary-General's Guidelines on Reparations for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (2014) represents an addition to the existing normative developments in the field of gender-sensitive reparations. Despite this progressive normative progress, there remain conceptual gaps in the legal and political framework for reparations that address conflict-related sexual violence and, consequently, ongoing challenges in implementing gender sensitive reparations. Challenges include the exclusion of women from legal remedies due to bias in creation and implementation of reparations regimes. Transformative reparations address the immediate reparative needs of survivors of sexual abuse, taking into account social and economic barriers to full equality for women in many societies. These reparations go beyond the immediacy of sexual violence, encompassing equality, justice and the longitudinal needs of those who have experienced sexual abuse. For this purpose, appropriate principles of reparations for conflict-related sexual violence are proposed. In this paper, the authors place special emphasis on the current problems of protection of the right to health and education of victims of sexual violence in war. Restitution, rehabilitation, reparation and resocialization of victims of sexual violence in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) are also presented. This is based on the fact that the passage of time has not healed the wounds of war, including the long-term psychological, physical, economic and social consequences of sexual violence in war for survivors and their families. Many victims still suffer from trauma associated with wartime sexual violence, which has significant consequences and is difficult to overcome. Most survivors also suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder associated with various psychological conditions. In the final part, some legal solutions for achieving reparation for victims of sexual violence in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina are problematized, and specific proposals de lege ferenda are presented.

COMMUNICATION STYLES OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND CYBERBULLYING

Author(s): Silva Banović / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2023

The research was conducted to examine communication styles on social networks and the prevalence of cyberbullying among the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The survey included 250 respondents, of both sexes, from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Respondents answered individually via an online questionnaire. The results showed that social networks are widely used in Bosnia and Herzegovina; as many as 94.8% of respondents use Facebook, 82.3% use Instagram, and 32.9% use Tik Tok. All three communication styles (aggressive, passive, and assertive) are also present when communicating online on social networks. Assertive and passive ways of communicating are more common than aggressive ones. At least a third of the respondents included in this research were exposed to cyberbullying. Along with the numerous advantages of communication via social networks, it has its disadvantages. The existence of victims of violent communication on social networks is a non-negligible fact. There is an obvious necessity to detect and remediate this relatively new social problem, and also the need to provide adequate social and counseling services for the protection of the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina against violent online communication.

AKCIONO ISTRAŽIVANJE U FUNKCIJI PREVENCIJE VRŠNJAČKOG NASILJA

Author(s): Marijana Maran M. / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 8/2023

The very name of action research indicates terms that include action, changes, search, invention, participation, flexibility, improvement, improvement, creativity, dialectic, feedback, etc. Each of the above terms is aimed at improving educational practice. The authors have put action research into the function of prevention of peer violence. Analyzing the levels of prevention of peer violence (primary, secondary and tertiary), they saw the importance of preventive actions in relation to subsequent actions. The effects of this type of action were particularly evident in the phases of action research and their cyclical repetitions. On a sample of 426 respondents, high school students, an action research was applied according to the spiral flow model, whose a Potkonjak (1999). The spiral flow model, due to its structure and possibility of application, is particularly suited to the conditions in our schools. The results of the research show that the application of action research in the function of the prevention of peer violence program in high school can contribute to qualitative changes in the behavior of students, which confirms the fact that peer violence and violence in general can be prevented by high-quality pedagogical intervention and prevention, as well as by the application of adequate and high quality designed prevention programs adapted to all ages at school, through special prevention programs or within class community lessons.

SAVREMENI DRUŠTVENI MEDIJI I RIZIČNA SEKSUALNA PONAŠANJA MLADIH

Author(s): Nela Jovanoski / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 8/2023

The sexual behavior of the youth is not only influenced by the intense individual changes that adolescents face, but also by the social environment. Today's young people's understandings are determined by the process of globalization and are formed under the extremely strong influence of mass culture and the media. The ease of using social media, their availability to a large number of adolescents, the perceived anonymity related to the provision of sensitive topics related to the provision of sexual information increased the interest of researchers in researching the connection between exposure to sexual media content and risky sexual behaviors of young people, which is the subject of this paper. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of examining the influence of modern social media on the risky behavior of the youth with special reference to how sexual content is interpreted and incorporated into their lives.

FIZIČKO KAŽNJAVANJE DJECE U PORODIČNOM KONTEKSTU U CRNOJ GORI

Author(s): Ida Kolinović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian,Montenegrine Issue: 8/2023

From generation to generation, delusion is transmitted, masked as the wisdom that "beating came out of heaven", which is why the application of physical punishment for educational purposes, throughout human history, has been justified as a method of educating and disciplining children. Empirical research conducted in Montenegro in the period from February 1st to June 30th, 2020,which included 522 citizens from the entire territory of Montenegro (northern, southern and central regions), revealed the worrying fact that as many as 80.8 % of citizens were beaten while growing up in the family, to a lesser or greater extent. As many as 10.3% of Montenegrin citizens were often beaten, while only 4.4% respondents stated that they were victims of abuse in childhood (most citizens don't perceive beating as violence). Those with experience of frequent beatings are the least willing to report to the institutions if a parent were to beat a child in the neighborhood. Family Law of Montenegro, Article 9, stipulates that a child must not be subjected to bodily punishment by parents, guardians and other persons who take care of the child. The Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 19, prescribes the obligation to protect children from all forms violence, abuse and injury, while they are under the care of parents, legal representatives or any other person who takes care of the child, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 25, states that everyone has right toa standard of living that provides health and well-being. WHO and various international studies have warned that bodily punishment is associated with negative outcomes for children including physical and mental health, impaired cognitive and socio-emotional development, poor educational outcomes, increased aggression and violence. Montenegro is obliged to implement preventive campaigns and education for the general public, especially parents, about the importance of respecting children's rights (according to domestic and international law), positive parenting and non-violent educational methods, in order to eliminate this negative practice from Montenegrin society.

IZAZOVI U OČUVANJU MENTALNOG ZDRAVLJA OSOBA STARIJE ŽIVOTNE DOBI

Author(s): Miodrag N. Simović,Jelena Kuprešanin / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 8/2023

Protection and improvement of health is a universal human right, however, its full realization primarily depends on the resources of each country and available and quality health care. Preservation of the mental health of the population is imperative in the creation of public policies, but also a prerequisite for the preservation and functioning of any healthy society. Various crises caused by internal and external factors additionally contribute to increasing the risk of endangering the overall health of individuals, families and society as a whole, while simultaneously pointing to the importance and role of protective factors. The increasing presence of alienation in society impairs mental health, affects productivity and the success of dealing with everyday stress. The mental and physical health of the elderly population is particularly sensitive and endangered, and its preservation needs to be approached systematically, planned and continuously. Professionals in the field of care for the elderly as a problem often highlight the risk of stigmatization and discrimination of people with mental health disorders. The process of accelerated aging of the population, the mutual correlation of physical and mental health, the need for preventive programs, the degree of quality of family relationships and the environment are just some of the numerous factors that can have negative implications on overall health. The aforementioned can be mitigated by the joint action of different systems and professionals, by strengthening families, as well as by intensifying regional and international cooperation in the field of health policies. The future brings numerous health, but also social and economic challenges

SUDSKA INDIVIDUALIZACIJA KRIVIČNE SANKCIJE – UPUĆIVANJE U ODGOJNI CENTAR PRI NJENOM IZVRŠENJU, STUDIJA SLUČAJA

Author(s): Vildana Pleh,Ismira Hadžić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian Issue: 8/2023

Observing the history of the development of juvenile delinquency, it is evident that it occurs in all countries regardless of social arrangements. The difference, however, exists in a number of factors that determine the fight against juvenile delinquency, one of the more significant of which is the influence of individual subjects of juvenile justice on the selection, duration and process of execution of a reaction, measure or sanction against a juvenile perpetrator of a criminal act. The court as a special authority has a very important role in the application and execution of criminal sanctions, especially criminal sanctions of institutional treatment. With its decisions, it changes the "fate" and the course of execution of the imposed sanctions, and thus the juvenile itself. In this paper, the authors deal with the role of the court in the execution of sanctions for institutional treatment, especially referring to the meritorious role of the court in the execution of a criminal sanction - referral to an educational center. The implementation of this educational measure, the rights and duties of subjects in that process, and the role of juvenile judges in the individualization of educational measures for minors, judicial individualization, will be shown through concrete examples, while analyzing a case study from the practice of the KJU "Educational Center of Sarajevo Canton". It should be emphasized that in the case of judicial individualization, the purpose of sanctioning is the resocialization of minors, which implies a multidisciplinary approach and the adequate application of legal, pedagogical, psychological and social approaches in working with juvenile offenders.

Dieťa s vývinovými ťažkosťami v materskej škole

Author(s): Barbora Vodičková / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The paper deals with the issue of developmental difficulties in children in the context of mainstream education in kindergarten. It is based on the WHO definition of developmental difficulties. These are conditions that put a child at risk of suboptimal development, which may be social, medical or other disadvantages. From this perspective, it is a diverse range of issues in children that educators may encounter in kindergarten. Such children are often a challenge for educators. This paper presents qualitative research in which six case studies of children with diverse developmental difficulties in kindergarten were processed. It outlines the various challenges these children face. As well as need to focus on the child with developmental difficulties in kindergarten from different aspects: biological, developmental, psychological, pedagogical and social (family, school, community), which requires a non-categorical, multi-disciplinary and coordinated approach.

Šikanovanie na základných školách z pohľadu učiteľov základných škôl

Author(s): Slavomíra Bellová / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

One of the most common types of aggressive behavior among school-aged children is bullying which is no longer just a matter of the army, prison, or the lives of people in borderline life situations. It is not infrequently encountered by pupils and teachers in our schools as well. Nowadays, this phenomenon is moving from the age of adolescence and puberty to increasingly younger age groups - even to the younger school age or pre-school age. This paper deals with the issue of bullying among pupils of younger school age. The aim of the presented contribution is to present the experiences of primary school teachers with bullying among pupils and to map what forms of prevention they use in their practice.

Rosyjskie skrzydlate słowa w polskim dyskursie internetowym

Author(s): Jadwiga Tarsa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article is devoted to the functioning of Russian winged words in the Polish Internet discourse. The analysis of the material collected from a variety of websites, blogs, comments, and demotivators showed that Russian winged words are present in the statements of Internet users. In newspaper articles and news programmes, the author or the source of the winged word appears more often, while the authors of blogs and demotivators use Russian units which have lost the link with the source and are easily modifiable. Most often, in the statements of young people there are those that do not require linguistic and cultural competences; they constitute unnamed, permanent expressions for the broadcasters. It can therefore be assumed that the younger generation (including the authors of demotivators) use Russian winged words without being aware of their origin, and their lexicon includes those that are universal in their meaning and do not carry additional contexts.

Промяна на фертилния модел в Европа – периоден анализ (1960-2020)

Author(s): Stanislava Moraliyska-Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between TFR, delayed births and indicators of the average age of mother at childbirth in the conditions of postponement parenthood transition throughout the analysed period. An attempt was made to assess the immediate impact of changes, specifically at the end of the period considered, on cross-sectional fertility rates. Based on the relevant indicators, similarities and differences in the dynamics of the observed processes in the European countries were studied. According to the established similarities in the trends of the considered indicators, groups of countries were formed in which the transition started at the same time and in a relatively close socio-economic context. In this study, more detailed attention was paid to the very pronounced recent postponement of births observed in 2020, when the global Covid-19 pandemic unfolded in Europe at the beginning of the year.

Съвременни аспекти на влиянието на жизнения стандарт върху раждаемостта в България

Author(s): Nikolay Stoenchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article presents the results of a statistical analysis of the dependence of the birth rate in Bulgaria on the standard of living in an up-to-date aspect. Fertility was presented using the gross birth rate and the total fertility rate. In order to assess the standard of living, a complex set of criteria for administrative areas was calculated, taking into account the state of 12 specially selected indicators at the same time. The information used was: the information officially published by the National Statistical Institute, Eurostat and data from the publication “Regional Profiles – Development Indicators” by the Institute for Market Economy. The algorithm of the used methodology was detailed, including the user options and arguments for choice. An international comparison was also made involving the EU Member States. The lack of a significant relationship between the birth rate and the standard of living according to complex criteria in Bulgaria and a moderate negative relationship between the total fertility rate and the standard of living in our country was revealed. When the analysis is based only on the GDP per capita as criteria for the achieved standard of living, the relationship between material well-being and the birth rate turns out to be moderately positive, both for Bulgaria and for the entire set of EU Member States (EU 27). Recommendations were made for selective material stimulation of the population in reproductive age and special attention to support married couples with reproductive problems and vulnerable social communities.

Изследване на измененията в коефициента на възрастова зависимост на населението и на техните ефекти за икономиката

Author(s): Krassimira Slaveva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Assessing the impact of the ongoing demographic processes on Bulgaria’s economy and social system requires a complex approach, since the in-depth analysis of the situation and the causes that lead to such demographic processes are a reliable basis on which to develop a concept for an active demographic policy. The purpose of this article is to reveal and measure the changes in the age structure of the population, to model the trends in the change of the age dependency ratio, and to evaluate the economic and social effects of population aging, by usingstatistical methods of analysis. Statistical methods are used in the study to analyse dynamic series, to analyse structural changes and differences and to reveal relationships and dependencies. The results of evaluating the intensity of the changes in the age structure provide grounds for the conclusion that the changes in the age structure based on the three age groups – 0–14, 15–64 and 65+ compared to the base structure, are manifested more slowly in comparison with the changes in the structure of the population on the basis of consecutive cohorts formed by five-year age intervals. When compared with the structure of the previous year, the value of the ratios would turn out to be lower and would indicate weaker structural changes, since the age structure in the considered age intervals does not imply sharp changes within a year-long period. The developed trend models would make it possible to develop short-term forecasts of the expected values of the age dependency ratios by years with the corresponding confidence intervals of the forecast, evaluation of potential changes in the case of changes in the factors affecting the main demographic processes. The significant changes in the age structure of the population of Bulgaria and the deepening of the population ageing processes bring to the fore some important issues relatedto economic development, stability of the national economy, stability of the pension system and fiscal stability, due to the increased pension-related expenditures, expenditures on health care, social assistance, etc.

Възможни ефекти на пандемията от КОВИД-19 върху възпроизводството на работната сила в България

Author(s): Kremena Borissova-Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The present study represents an attempt to identify basic effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the long-term trends observed in the labour force reproduction in Bulgaria. The period of time of the study selected (2006-2021) starts with the year before the Bulgaria’s accession into the EU. To receive a more objective assessment of the changes studied, an international comparison of the trends was made with four European countries: Greece, Hungary, the Chech Republic and Sweden. Statistical information published by the National Statistical Institute and Eurostat (vital statistics and annual data of Labour Force Survey) over the period analysed was used in the study. The study includes two aspects of analysis. The first aspect covers the examination of long-term trends of evolution of basic demographic parameters in the selected countries (labour force dimension and speed of the demographic ageing). The second aspect is focussed on the trends of evolution of economic activity levels by three demographic and social attributes (age, sex and level of education). The results obtained provide a basis to consider the negative changes in the long-term trends observed during the period 2020–2021 as an indication for the presence of COVID-19 pandemic’s different sized effects on the labour supply.

Подпомагане на устойчиво развитие чрез вътрешно предприемачество – възможности и нагласи на бизнеса и заетите лица

Author(s): Todor Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This paper aims to discuss the role of intrapreneurship for supporting sustainable development in organisations and achieving environmental, social and business sustainability. The results of a survey conducted in Bulgaria among employees and employers are presented and an analysis of the effect their intrapreneurial skills and attitudes have on the existing practices, targeted towards achieving sustainable development in organisations, was made. The results of the study confirm the thesis defended in the paper, related to the understanding that building capacity within existing organisations to identify innovative ideas and further develop them in intrapreneurial endeavours for the modification of products, services and organisational processes has a significant potential for positive impact on sustainability.

Kľúčová úloha médií a humánneho dizajnu pri debarierizácii v oblasti vzdelávania

Author(s): Stanislav Benčič,Natália Dadíková,Barbora Kováčová / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The paper deals with a barrier-free environment in terms of its purposes, creation, and importance. It justifies the question of why the free-barriers issue deserves to be a topic of immediate interest within everyday life and mass-media content. To take into consideration the participation of medical, research, and education specialists, the paper explains and justifies the key role of mass media that have developed methods and strategies for presenting the current situation and issue to responsible agents in public administration as well as executive, law-making bodies. The emphasis is given to legal coverage and support to implement international standards in this field. Mass media can find out responsible and decision-making persons that can improve the situation and mood of physically disabled people and significantly improve their lives. The paper explains media strategies and presents authentic examples from the online world of mass media.

Výskumné zistenia prezentujúce latentné agresívne správanie detí v predškolskom veku

Author(s): Barbora Kováčová,Martina Magová,Vlasta Belková / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The study describes covert aggressive behaviour that occurs as early as pre-school age. It is specific in that at preschool age the aggressor acts without hiding yet. Uniform findings are related to preschool age, supplemented by research findings from Slovak kindergartens. The authors describe on a specific situation of hidden aggressive behaviour, which was identified during the monitoring of aggressive behaviour in kindergartens.

Реторика на обещанието

Author(s): Jana Damianova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1998

След кризата: език, политическа реалност и рационалност

Author(s): Vladimir Nikolaev Gradev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1998