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Milbrodt, Teresa (2022). Sexy Like Us: Disability, Humor, and Sexuality. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
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This paper focuses on morphological patterns of logistics term formation in English and Bulgarian terminology concentrating mainly on derivation. The analysis and conclusions reached relate to a detailed exploration into the English and Bulgarian logistics terminological systems with regard to the tendencies in their development. It applies a comparative approach on the basis of the principles of synchronicity and systematicity when relating English terms to their Bulgarian equivalents and discusses the meanings of the most productive prefixes and suffixes recurrent in them. The findings can be relevant when teaching English for Logistics.
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The paper discusses the phenomenon of enantiosemy in linguistics – its nature, appearance and belonging to one of the following groups: polysemy, homonymy or antonymy. The enantiosemy theme has been in the scope of linguists for more than century and a half. At the beginning it was believed that this phenomenon could be examined only in Slavic languages, because some of the first findings for it were in Russian, Chech and Bulgarian. Nowadays enantiosemy examples are excerpted in French, German, English and other non – Slavic languages. It is an attempt to classify different research approaches and to describe a new type of enantiosemy, from a contrastive perspective, which in this paper is called affixal enantiosemy. In accordance with a certain context, the affixal enantiosemy clarifies the semantics of the affix which is part of a lexeme.
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The purpose of the study is to resolve the issue of whether there are difficulties of the Russian language that are common to different categories of learners of this language. Research methods are identification and comparative analysis of deviations from the norms in the use of nouns and noun phrases. The material of the study is data from observations of oral speech, written works, transcripts of recordings of stories based on pictures. The objects of analysis are the facts of deviations from the norms in the use of nouns and noun phrases in the speech of foreigners who study Russian as a second language, Russian-German bilinguals at the age of 10-15 years, Russian monolinguals at the age of 10 – 15 years. As a result of the study, the most typical similar grammatical errors were identified, indicating the general difficulties of the Russian language: the replacement of some case forms by others, the replacement of some forms by others within the same case, the replacement of prepositions, the mixing of possessive pronouns, violations of the agreement between the main and dependent words. The study has confirmed the hypothesis that there are common difficulties of the Russian language, which do not depend on the native language of students and are due to the structural diversity of the grammatical phenomena of the Russian language.
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The paper presents the main characteristics of the so-called reading comprehension. Analysed are the problems and deficiencies in teaching literature. Well known reading comprehension strategies are interpreted. The paper analyses the results from a representative study of the reading comprehension skills of students in the third grade. The author suggests ideas for the optimization of the methods for developing reading techniques, skills for understanding fiction and non-fiction texts, and for stimulating learners’ interest in books and reading. Various extracurricular activities are also recommended.
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French language teaching at university is celebrating its centenary in Slovakia. The Romance Seminary (now the Department of Romance Studies) in the Faculty of Arts at Comenius University in Bratislava was set up in March 1923 as one of the first language departments in Slovakia, and French has been taught there without interruption to the present day. The creation of the Seminary also had an important cultural impact: Slovakia, which was part of inter-war Czechoslovakia, joined the French-speaking countries of Central and Eastern Europe (such as Romania, Bulgaria and others) in the 1920s, where linguistic, but above all cultural and diplomatic relations with France played an essential role. The article examines the place of the Romance seminary in these cultural relations and traces the history of French studies: alongside professors at Czech universities, it was above all the French lector Léon Chollet, Anton Vantuch and Jozef Felix who made a substantial contribution to its development. Based mainly on archive documents and unpublished correspondence, the article focuses on these founding figures and reconstructs the main stages in the history of the Seminary between 1923 and 1974.
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Romania entered in the war after the bombardments executed by the artillery from Vidin against Calafat. The same fortress was the target of the last part of the campaign of the Romanian army in Bulgaria. Vidin had a great importance in the history of the Bulgarian people during the Middle Ages, and later for the Ottoman Empire, who occupied it in 1396. Later on, the region of Vidin was involved in attempts of liberation of the country (the uprisings of 1841 and 1850). The massacres which followed in the Vidin region as well as in other part of Bulgaria after the rebellion of June 1876 were the pretext taken by Russia to start the war, in which Romania took part effectively from 16/28 July 1877. After the valuable participation at the siege of Plevna, the Romanian army received the mission to operate in the north-western Bulgaria. A Western Corps commanded by general Nicolae Haralambie was constituted for this purpose (Divisions 1, 4 and Reserve, and the 1st Brigade from 2nd Division). These forces arrived on 25 December 1877/January 1878 on the line Arcear – Belogradcik. Meanwhile, the Serbian army was too marching toward Vidin, but Prince Carol I rejected the proposed cooperation. A secondary action of the offensive against Vidin was the blockade of Belogradcik. The Romanian forces arrived near Vidin began the attacks against the redoubts on 29 December 1877/10 January 1878. The encirclement was completed on 11/23 January 1878, but the commander of the city Mehmet Izzet Pasha continued the resistance. In the second part of the operation, between 12/24 and 14/26 January 1878, the Romanian positions moved to a smaller distance toward the defences of the city. In the third part of the operation which began on 15/27 January 1878 The fortress was continuously bombarded by the batteries settled around it, and by those from Calafat, until the capitulation of 11/23 February, when a convention was signed with general Gheorghe Manu. Vidin entered under Romanian administration. The retreat of the Romanian troops from Vidin and Belogradcik was made in several stages until the first days of April 1878, they being replaced by the Russians. The liberation of Vidin was executed only by the Romanian forces. Romania had no intention to annex Vidin or the entire region of Timok, as some rumours pretended.
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Time of the national renaissance of the Balkan peoples, the 19th century represents also an important chapter in the history of Romanian-Bulgarian relations. The Bulgarian renaissance and the struggle for emancipation from Ottoman rule would not have been possible, beyond the involvement and help of great powers such as Russia, without the safe Heaven that Bulgarian revolutionaries and common people, cultural and political elites have found north of Danube. Cultural, military and political structures, schools, press and printing in Bulgarian appeared and flourished north of the Danube under the protection of the Romanian authorities. The present approach proposes an analysis of these developments and the impact they had on the Bulgarian national renaissance and the relations between the two states.
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Romanian participation in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877 – 1878 was manifested to the greatest extent in the high number of casualties near the town of Pleven in 1877. The Romanian attacks during the third assault on the city and the subsequent actions for its liberation remain memorable. With memorial signs and museums Bulgaria and Romania honor and preserve the memory of the heroes who, with their blood, won the victory of Pleven and contributed to Romanian independence and Bulgarian freedom.
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The report examines aspects of Bulgarian-Romanian relations during the Bulgarian Renaissance and the use of the territory of Romania as a base for Bulgarian revolutionary movements against Ottoman slavery.
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The following article highlights the most important endogenous aspects of population reproduction in crisis circumstances, based on demographic data on the Bessarabian Bulgarians in the 1940s. During this decade, the territory of Bessarabia sporadically fell within the borders of both Romania and the USSR, which led to the collapse of the traditional social institutions and practices among the Bulgarians living there. Led by the numerous political changes, demographic birth and death rates within a group are affected by these exogenous factors, while reflecting actual societal alterations. As a basis for the study, information extracted from the current reports of the village councils was used, or in other words – the so-called population registers. The results of the data processing are presented in a diachronic comparative perspective regarding the history of the Bulgarian communities in Bessarabia. This approach allows for analytic clarifications of the scale and nature of the famine in 1946-1947. The average daily mortality rate was found to be 18.3. In general, the specificity of the demographic transition of the Bulgarian group from a traditional to a modern model of reproduction stands out. The role of exogenous causes in the final phase of this transition has been also revealed. Birth rates were reported to be gradually decreasing while mortality rates were increasing. The consequences of this transformation were visible in the next generation in the 1960s.
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Bulgarians settled in the territories of the Urals and Siberia within several waves of migration mainly in the 20th century and individually in the 21st century. They live scattered over this large territory but nevertheless manage to get together in various organizations. The article identifies the main territories inhabited by individuals with a Bulgarian identity, as well as the ways of virtual communication between them. The different models of online communication and representation of the Bulgarian organizations in the two regions, their influence on the maintenance of community life and the development of their socio-cultural activities are explored. Additional focus is placed on the role of the Internet in creating and preserving the collective memory of life in the Komi Republic and in uniting former workers and students in virtual communities. The study was conducted in the period 2019-2022 with an emphasis on the social networks Facebook and VKontakte and on-site among organizations in the cities of Tyumen, Syktyvkar, Usogorsk and Blagoevo.
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The text attempts to analyze the Bulgarian cross-border labor mobility in Komi ASSR. In the period 1968 – 1993, dozens of Bulgarian citizens worked in the Bulgarian-Soviet logging enterprises in Komi. Men, women, and families with children became part of the largest project of the Bulgarian Communist Party for work in the Soviet Union, in the taiga of the Komi people. How are the main moments of this contract policy of the USSR and the NRB unfolding, what benefits is Bulgaria accumulating and what problems are faced by the loggers who formed a memory of the work in Komi – all questions to which this article seeks answers and points of view.
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The first part of this research, published in the previous issue 3/2022 of the journal “BulgarianEthnology”, touched on the historiographical, theoretical-methodological and terminological aspects of the present study, dedicated to an increasingly discussed and developed topic in the post-Soviet space. This is the subject of the collective memory which covers the turbulent decades of the 1940s and 1950s., as well as the ongoing processes of collectivization of the property, the inherent repressions, the so-called dispossessing (dekulakization) and the deportation of whole families within the USSR, tearing them away from their places of birth,forcing them to settle down for a long time in the remote and vaguely known northern parts ofthe vast country. Hundreds of thousands of people were forcibly removed and coerced to live inisolation, to work and carry out the orders of the Stalinist regime until the very death of JosephStalin in 1953, in the extremely harsh climatically and poorly developed territories such asCentral Asia, Kazakhstan, the Urals, Altai and Siberia. Rehabilitated after that year, they wereallowed to return to their native lands, but a large number did not manage to restore their homesand property, while some could not settle closer than 40 km to the settlements they lived in priorto the deportation. Similar cases are not a rarity for the region of Bessarabia, which was brieflyunder Soviet rule in 1941 and from 1944 until 1991. As it is known, one of the largest and oldestBulgarian historical communities is located in this area, which after the collapse of the SovietUnion fell within the borders of the modern states of Ukraine and Moldova.The subject of the present study is precisely such a “small” case of dispossessed anddeported as a result of the so-called operation South Bulgarian families from the villageof Korten (or Kiryutnya) in the then Moldavian SSR, who for nearly a decade (from 1949roughly to 1959) resided in several settlements of the Bistroistotsky and Biysky districts ofthe Altai Krai, Russia. Since some of these 80 families were not allowed to return to theirnative Korten, they chose to settle in the town of Tarutino and in some of the surrounding settlements such as Podgornoe, Berezino, etc., located nowadays on Ukrainian territory, in the region of Odesa.
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The present text offers reading of an album that contains the visual history of a group of Bulgarian builders, working in the USSR on a contract. Their activity is to assure access to natural gas for Bulgaria. The album is printed as a special edition for only 130 workers. It contains their names and personal photos, images from the working process, as well as from the cultural events of the workers – folklore dances, choir formations, which are subdued to a general ideological discourse. The political manifestations are not forgotten, too – celebrating anniversaries from revolutions, March 8th (International Women’s Day), as an element of the festivity calendar of the communist societies. The album is a product of ideological propaganda, which displays the achieved communist dream by presenting the desired as real. Within this topic construction is a key element, because it refers not only to the actual building of facilities and structures but also to the social engineering – the creating of the“Socialist Man“.A second plan in the album is a large number of photos from Bulgaria, which have no actual relation to the topic of the gas pipeline and the building works. They are displaying emblematic places of heritage – monasteries, old houses and tourism – new resort and vacation storylines. These are part of the official images of the country in front of the world, displayed as achievements of the communist authority. The images, controversial at first sight, are combined within the general propaganda narrative of the album, which affirms memory within the community of the workers and creates a positive relationship. The participation in construction works outside the country is not only a manifestation of the policy of “internationalism“, but also a form of personal benefit, because the payment is different and assures access to various deficit goods, like an automobile for instance. All of this imposes the necessity for the evidence from the period of communism to be positioned within the context that caused them. They are to be examined critically since the photos in the album do not only display reality – they are not a moment shot in time but are mainly a constructed positive world of a society, which does not offer alternatives in thinking.
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