Формирането на стратегийна компетентност в обучението по български език и литература в I – IV клас като предпоставка за успешна социализация

Author(s): Neli Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The problem of the formation of strategic competence in the context of Bulgarian language and literature learning – teaching is interpreted in the article. The main focus is on the choice of adequate communicative strategies in speech communication. The role of the teacher as a facilitator in the reception and processing of literary and linguistic information is clarified. The importance of the formation of the strategic competence of primary pupils as a prerequisite for their successful socialization is underlined.

Klasyczna teoria elit i pojęcie głębokiego państwa. Perspektywy badawcze na przykładzie Turcji i Włoch

Author(s): Szymon Helma / Language(s): Polish Issue: 82/2023

This paper is an attempt to clarify the relationship between the elite theory and the idea of the deep state. Both approaches address similar questions about how concentrated political power is created in the state, and both offer similar answers. An analysis of the historical context based on Italian and Turkish experiences with deep-state entities like mafia and intelligence agencies helps us understand dysfunctional elites in action. Consequently, the article explores research possibilities and theoretical solutions combining elitists view of politics with historical data.

Виржини Мартан: След появата на Еманюел Макрон през 2017 г. достигнахме абсолютната висота на политическия „спектакъл“

Author(s): Maglena Gurkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2023

Virginie Martin is a French political scientist and teacher. She graduated in Political Science in Paris and holds a PhD in Political Science. Her research focuses on political life in France, on fundamental issues related to democracy, political representation, citizenship, extremism.

Здравеопазване и икономика (Източно-европейски гледища)

Author(s): Petar Tzonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Професионални организации на фелдшерите и лекарските асистенти - минало и настояще

Author(s): Penka Vracheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The “Feldscher” profession has a 143-year history in Bulgaria. The professionals are recognized with high authority and are well known by the society. Despite their contributions, the existence of feldschers have been periodically debated and questioned over the years, mainly due to their specific competence. In 1999, the training of these professionals has been sus- pended on the basis of unconvincing arguments. However, since 2014, at Medical Universities started education of Physician assistants, who are their followers. The aim of the study is to examine the professional-union organizations created by feldschers/physician assistants over the years. Materials and methods: Documentary, historical method and review of archival documents. Results and discussion: In 1883, the feldschers founded the “Feldscher Charity Society” which is the first professional organization for healthcare workers in Bulgaria. The subsequent attempts for professional organization establishment over the years have been reviewed: “Union of Feldschers in Bulgaria” (1990-2000), “Association of Feldscher bachelors of medicine in Bulgaria” (2007) - functioning from 2020 as “Bulgarian Union of Physician Assistants and Feldschers” (BU- PAF). Under the Class Organization Act of 2005, feldschers/physician assistants are obliged to become associate members of the Bulgarian Association of healthcare professionals. Arguments and legislative steps are presented in order to legitimize BUPAF with the status of a class organization of regulated profession. Conclusion: All professional organizations of feldschers/physician assistants over the years have aimed to protect professional interests and the possibilities for successful realization for benefit of the society.

Правно регламентиране и създаване на българската асоциация на зъботехницте

Author(s): Miahela Varneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The professional association of dental technicians called Union of Dental Technicians in Bulgaria was revived in 1990. Although the union did not have the status of a class organization, it performed such functions by protecting the rights and interests of dental technician professionals. The membership was based on a voluntary principle and from the very beginning the desire of all the members was the union to be transformed into a legally legitimate class organization. Unfortunately, de- spite the legal prerequisites, this became possible in 2019. The concept of a ‘regulated profession’ was first introduced in the Bulgarian legislation in 2005 with the amendment to the Law on Vocational Education and Training. The dental technician profession was in the list of regulated professions along with the other professions in the system of health care. There was a rule that each regulated profession had to be represented by a class organization. The professional field of Health Care included several separate specialties which were in the list of regulated professions, but there was only one class organization which did not include dental technicians. Near the end of 2018 the long-awaited changes regarding the Law on the Class Organization of Nurses, Midwives and Associate Medical Specialists became a reality. Two new class organizations with their own independent management systems were created – the Bulgarian Association of Dental Technicians and the Bulgarian Association of Assistant Pharmacists. The remaining regulated professions from the Health Care professional field are still members of the Bulgarian Association of Health Care Professionals.

За лечебнооздравителните заведения за пациенти със затлъстяване. Епизод от спомените на проф. д-р Лукан Балабански

Author(s): Lukan Balabanski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Ретроспекция на професионалните организации на акушерките в България.

Author(s): Zhana Pavlovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Introduction: The midwife’s profession is one of the most humane, but like any other profession, it is also related to the acquisition of material values. In conditions of competition and private practice, it is necessary to look for forms of profes- sional protection, which leads to the emergence of professional organizations. Material and methods: documentary, historical method and review of archival documents have been used. Results and discussion: Already at the end of the XIX-th century, midwives joined a professional union founded by feldshers, and in 1901 they founded their own independent professional organization “Midwife”. They actively participate in all estab- lished professional organizations of medical workers: Health Society, Union of Sanitary and Veterinary Personnel, Union of Health Workers, Communist Union of Medical-Sanitary Workers, etc. They have an extremely active obstetric section and lead an active organizational life. Their goals and demands in defense of professional and material interests are realistic, in the interest of maternity care and public health. Nowadays, midwives have to be members of Bulgarian Association of Health Professionals in Nursing, which is a regulatory body, and some of them also participate in Alliance of Bulgarian Midwifes – a non-governmental midwifery organization. Conclusion: A retrospective review of professional organizations of midwives shows exceptional activity on their part, which has been maintained and expanded over the years and today recognized by a number of international organizations such as the European Midwives Association (EMA), the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) and etc.

Специализирана електронна система за проследяване и анализ на лекарствените продукти (СЕСПА) – предизвикателства и нагласи на фармацевтите

Author(s): Ivo Kumanov,Magdalena Pesheva,Mariya Ivanova,Anna Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The specialized electronic system for tracking and analyzing medicines / SETASMP/, included in The Positive Drug List / PDL/, is used to collect information for delivered/ sold medicines in the country. The main purpose is to provide people’s access to medicines and to prevent their shortage and lack. Aim: To track the awareness, attitudes, and the need of additional training to work with SETASMP among pharmacists in community pharmacy, in the process of introduction to practice. Materials and methods: An anonymous survey was conducted on the territory of Varna, among pharmacists in community pharmacy. Descriptive statistics, graphical analysis of results and non-parametric methods for hypothesis check are applied. Results: There is uncertainty between the respondents, connected with the technical performance in the daily work with the system. At the time of the survey, there is a lack of positive attitude of the pharmacists towards the benefit of SETASMP and the set goals. There is a desire for additional courses or training for pharmacists, related to practical application. No statistical significance.

Коментар от общинското здравеопазване (По материали от списание “Социална медицина: 1993-2019)

Author(s): Petar Tzonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

An unpublished material of Assoc. Petar Tzonov, is presented. The material has been prepared in relation to the scientific and practical conference “For better health at the local level”, held in the town of Pleven on May 16, 2019, as a joint initiative of the Municipality of Pleven and the Bulgarian Association of Public Health within the framework of the First European Public Health Week (13-17 May 2019), organized by the European Public Health Association.

Reinterpretation of Russia in the light of the new world crisis

Author(s): Bogdana N. Koljević Griffith / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Russia, the conflict in Ukraine and the new spatial and geopolitical order

Author(s): Thomann T. Pierre-Emmanuel / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

The conflict in Ukraine is the subject of contradictory narratives in the communication war, but also reflects the rival historical and geopolitical representations between the different actors of this conflict. According to the geopolitical angle, the main issue of the crisis in Ukraine is the rivalry between the great powers for world power and the distribution of geopolitical spaces. The geopolitical angle thus makes it possible to take into account the numerous stakes linked to this crisis on different scales, which go well beyond the purely geostrategic and military aspects. The main hypothesis of this article is to determine to what extent Russia, with its special military operation in Ukraine, is pushing for the emergence of a new geopolitical configuration on a European and global scale. Indeed, Moscow is provoking a redefinition of alliances at the regional and global levels. At the Eurasian level, NATO will probably no longer be able to pursue a policy of expansion in the Russian near abroad (countries of the former USSR), the enlargement of NATO to Ukraine being a casus belli, as the Russian intervention has shown. On a global scale, Russia’s membership in the UN Security Council now prevents any unilateral interpretation of international law by the collective West. Moreover, economic sanctions by EU and NATO member states are not being followed by other states in Eurasia, South America and Africa, challenging the unipolar project of the West under the leadership of the United States. The European Union is increasingly aligned with the geopolitical priorities of NATO and the United States, with little room for manoeuvre. Russia’s special operation in Ukraine is definitely moving the world towards a multicentric and multipolar geopolitical configuration, with no possibility of returning to the pre-conflict situation. In this analysis, geopolitical cartography will be used to illustrate the problematics but also to emphasize the spatial angle as an analytical tool.

Risk-Taking Propensity and Emigration Decision-Making: A Qualitative Data Analysis

Author(s): Diana Bakalova,Tsvetelina Panchelieva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Risk-taking plays an important role for the psychological prediction of decision-making processes in a situation of uncertainty. The objective of this paper is to examine in-depth the association between risk-taking propensity as a personality tendency and emigration decision-making of young people. Although the correlation between risk-taking propensity and migration potential has been studied in some countries, it has not been examined to date in Bulgaria – an economy in transition. Furthermore, it was scrutinized neither in view of different risk domains (social, financial, health, ethical) nor in terms of desire, plan and preparation to move abroad as key aspects of the emigration decision-making process. The methods of in-depth calendar interviewing and qualitative data analysis were employed. Semi-structured calendar interviews (N=45) were carried out in June - November 2020 among young Bulgarian men (N=21) and women (N=24) aged 18-35 years from large, middle and small towns/villages in Bulgaria. The findings showed a positive association of risk-taking propensity and (e)migration decision-making. Respondents, identified as risk-seekers, were more likely to emigrate, compared to risk-avoiders. Social and financial domains of risk-taking turned out most closely associated with emigration decision-making. Young people, who were more willing to move away from their family, social surrounding and cultural environment, to improve their social-economic standing (education, income, career), were more positive about emigration and more likely to plan and prepare for relocation. The findings have some important interdisciplinary implications both for psychological theory and for demographic policy.

The crisis of the West, Russia’s resistance and war – paradigmatic changes in the world

Author(s): Srđan M. Perišić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

The crisis of the West is perceived through the diminishing expansion of the postmodern paradigm to the non-Western parts of the world. The West entered the postmodern at the end of the 20th century, when liberalism remained alone in the political field, while the bipolar international order of the balance of power was destroyed. Liberal postmodernization of the world, initiated by globalization, was adamant. Postmodern liberalism imposed itself to the whole world as the only ideological matrix, whereas the global market and global corporations dictated the relations in the world. The Westphalian system of international relations, as one of the remaining modern categories implying the primacy of the sovereign state, began disappearing. However, the power of the hegemon USA as a military, political and ideological protector of globalization and postmodern, began dwindling in 2008 (a declining power). On the other hand, resistance emerged to the imposition of the postmodern. Russia was the first to adopt anti-liberal and anti-globalization laws (2013), which prompted the West to start a postmodern campaign against Russia. The USA and the West, faced with the increasing resistance, resort to geopolitical strategies from the period of the modern in order to preserve hegemony. Ukraine (as a postmodern creation in the mediation war against Russia) is geopolitically used against Russia). Russia opposes the postmodern West ideologically and geopolitically (by introducing spirituality and tradition in its public sphere) and it is geopolitically engaged in creating multipolarity and the balance of power. In this manner, Russia leaves the West. That creates a different paradigm, not only for Russia, but for the whole world. The paper considers the war a consequence and not a cause of the world crisis (which is also a consequence). The causes lie in the inability of the postmodern (in all its aspects) to impose itself onto the whole world.

Russia and the West as a conceptual opposition in terms of Russian mentality

Author(s): Alexander A. Lvov / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

The conceptual framework for the discussion the paper introduces is the idea of Russian messianism, which appeared in each period of Russian history, as well as the following characteristic of Russian mentality: the concepts and ideas, which appeared within the domains of social and legal in the West, were interpreted in spiritual and moral context in Russia. The paper traces the development of two aspects of how the conceptual opposition of Russia to the “collective West” was formed. The first aspect is connected with the cultural opposition of Russia to the Western countries in terms of spiritual heredity of the West. The aspect concerns the conceptualization of “the West” as an embodiment of a competitor of Russia in the modifications of the “big project”.

Influence of Distance from Bulgaria on the Levels of Identification Among Migrants from Germany and the USA

Author(s): Joanna Dragneva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Identification processes in host countries are influenced by many and varied factors. They help or hinder the successful integration of migrants. Among them, the geographical remoteness of the host country plays a key role. In fact, the role of proximity or remoteness to the country to which a person migrates is of paramount importance in the study of migration processes. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate and analyze the influence of host country remoteness on identification processes. It focuses on the countries of Germany and the USA – a choice based entirely on the geographical distance of the countries from Bulgaria. The methodological toolkit includes quantitative and qualitative analysis from a questionnaire survey and interviews using the narrative-biographical method. The sample of the quantitative study included 491 Bulgarian migrants (306 respondents from Germany and 185 respondents from the USA). The results obtained from three identification profiles (high, low and intermediate) composed of Bulgarian migrants in Germany and the USA. It was observed that the USA is mostly dominated by migrants with high and some with intermediate levels of identity. The average identification and low profile is characteristic of persons who prevail in Germany. Persons with high levels of identity in the USA identify themselves as Bulgarians and maintain contact with Bulgarians. They lack the possibility of frequent visits to their homeland, feel homesick and vote in elections. Distances are a serious barrier for them. Persons with low levels of identity in Germany define themselves as Europeans and do not maintain contact with Bulgarians. They have the possibility of frequent visits, and more communication. They do not vote, and factors such as nostalgia and sadness are not important to them. Persons with intermediate identification levels in Germany and the USA are characterized by the fact that they maintain less frequent contact with other Bulgarians. They also communicate a lot more with locals. Some wish to vote but do not have the necessary conditions. Others have conditions, but do not wish to vote and consider that as emigrants they have no right to participate in the political life of Bulgaria. They self-identify as both European/American and “other”. The results give reason to claim that migrants who have easier access to Bulgaria have weaker to medium identification. While those who live in the geographically more distant country have a more pronounced identity. The report presents the possible interpretations of the obtained result.

Effects of transition on the standard of living and social inequality

Author(s): Sanja M. Filipović,Jelena D. Ignjatović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

The aim of this paper is to determine the effects of the transition on the standard of living and social inequality in Poland, Hungary, Slovenia and Russia. In order to establish a market economy, these countries started economic and systemic reforms at the end of the 1980s. The goal of the transition was the establishment of a market economy and macroeconomic stability, and to ensure a higher standard of living because (with the exception of Slovenia) the GDP per capita in these countries was significantly lower than the average of the EU countries. Although they applied different approaches in the implementation of the transition, it is characteristic for all countries that in the first phase of the transition (until the mid-1990s), they had the problem of recession and hyperinflation, which, together with the inadequate privatization process, was reflected in the decline of the standard of living (in Slovenia and Russia) and the growth of inequality. Only after establishing institutional reforms and attracting FDI, in the second transition phase (until the end of the 1990s), macroeconomic stability was established, which contributed to the growth of living standards (except for Russia) and the reduction of inequality (except in Poland).

Развитие на ясленото дело в Eвропа, САЩ и България — исторически поглед

Author(s): Diana Grozdeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

Organised childcare dates back to the first half of the 19th century. Kindergartens appeared first, with nurseries appearing approximately 20 years later. The aim of this article is to present the development of nursery work in some countries in Europe, USA and in Bulgaria in a historical perspective. Material and methods: Foreign and Bulgarian literary sources have been studied. The method applied is documentary analysis. Results and conclusions: Day nurseries appeared for the first time in Germany with the main function - reducing infant and child mortality. Later, such childcare facilities began to function in different forms across many countries in Eu- rope – Hungary, Russia, France, Bulgaria. They were based on Froebel’s ideas regarding pre-school education which left the borders of the European continent and reached the United States, where a network of nurseries developed. In Bulgaria, the nursery work began at the start of the 20th century in Sofia, and the first nursery in Varna opened in 1940. Throughout the years the objectives of nurseries are constantly changing as per the economic conditions in different countries

Interpunkcja i składnia w pracach studentów pedagogiki — norma i uzus

Author(s): Małgorzata Bortliczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The paper focuses on the ignoring of selected punctuation standards in texts prepared by pedagogy students at the University of Silesia. The analysis includes the description of some punctuation experiences, such as not using essential commas for separation, among others, of subordinate sentences (and/or participial sentence equivalents), interconnected with the superior sentence; separation of the subject group and the predicate group with a comma (as a consequence of following a prosody in the distribution of commas); irregular normative policy (as a consequence, among others, of ignorance of punctuation enumeration). The conclusion highlights didactic and normative recommendations in terms of modern Polish punctuation. It includes the necessity to record, register and analyse new punctuation tendencies in texts written in Polish, such as the ignorance of selected punctuation standards, and the turn towards secondary orality, following the impact of English punctuation.

Jak Rosja walczy z „tęczową zarazą”, czyli dyskurs anty-queer we współczesnej rosyjskiej przestrzeni kulturowej

Author(s): Anna Świetlik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

This article is an attempt to outline the anti-queer discourse in the contemporary Russian cultural space. The analysis focuses mainly on the film Firebird (Жар-птица), which is a very rare example of queer cinema aimed at a wide Russian audience. In order to indicate the features of the homophobic policy of the authorities towards cultural representations of queer issues, the author references research conducted in the field of social sciences and certain press materials devoted to the premiere of the film. The analysis proves that, despite the intensely promoted (both in political and cultural spheres) anti-homosexual policy, the mass consciousness of the Russian audience was more liberal than it was perceived (at least to a certain extent), and the actions taken by the authorities and politicians did not bring expected results.