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Pomniki Armii Radzieckiej w Bułgarii jako instrument w narodowej debacie nad historyczną pamięcią i zapomnieniem

Author(s): Kamen Rikev / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents the case study of the Soviet Army monuments in Bulgaria as a source of irreconcilable social division. A brief overview of the history of these monu ments and the discussions on the possibility of their dismantling allow to conclude that (1) in the third decade of the 21st century the monuments’ function as lieux de mémoire remains impossible due to their divisive nature; (2) the arguments for and against the monuments expressed in the 1990s remain unchanged; (3) the concentration of public attention on the Sofia memorial leads to the neglection of other similar monuments in the country; (4) The Law on Declaring the Criminal Nature of the Communist Regime in Bulgaria (2000) and other state acts do not affect the existence of these monuments, but only reinforce the ambivalent signals that the southern European state sends to its international partners. The author’s final conclusion is that the monuments of the Soviet Army today are not so much an incentive to comprehend collective traumas, but an impetus for analysing Bulgarian Russophilia.

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Sztuka pamięci. O spektaklu „Memoria” w kontekście koncepcji kultury tragicznej

Author(s): Marta Lechowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents the analysis of a play by a Russian director, Anastasya Patlay, Memoria, devoted to the victims of Stalinist crimes and the Memorial Society documenting their fate. The analysis was carried out in the context of the theory of culture by Vyacheslav Ivanov and Friedrich Nietzsche.

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Zapomniany motyw dalmatyńskiej mamki a modelowanie wyobrażeń o Dalmacji w prozie Milana Begovicia, Vladana Desnicy i Enza Bettizy

Author(s): Maciej Czerwiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The aim of the article is to discuss the forgotten motif of a Dalmatian wet nurse in the artistic prose of three writers: Milan Begović, Vladan Desnica and Enzo Bettiza, and attempt to situate it in the context of disputes over Dalmatia. The literary update on the motif is in line with the modeling strategies of Dalmatian hinterland referring to the vision of “noble savages” (the Morlacchis/Vlajs). They can serve in bringing about the colonisation policy (as was done in the 18th century by the Republic of Venice) as well as in defining complex relationships in this Croatian-Serbian-Italian borderlands.

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W poszukiwaniu kobiecych tradycji literackich. Zapomniane poetki słowackie pierwszej połowy XX wieku

Author(s): Rafał Majerek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents one of the publishing projects important in the context of Slovak literary studies in recent years, the anthology Sunken Souls. From Works by Slovak Female Poets in the First Half of the 20th Century (2017), edited by Andrea Bokníková. The book recalls the works of twelve women poets who were present in the literary life of the first decades of the 20th century, then gave up their literary activity for various reasons, and memory of them was gradually blurred. The published texts could be a starting point for reflection on the possibility of reinterpreting the history of Slovak literature and making its description more dynamic, e.g. thanks to the reconstruction of the line of women’s writing, often ignored or schematically presented in historical literary studies. This kind of project would correspond with the current search for new ways of conceptualising the literary past.

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O wyjątkowości, oryginalności i aktualności dzieła Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego O wychowaniu fizycznem dzieci

Author(s): Jarosław Barański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The work „On the physical education of children” is unique because it is a canon of reflection on the physical development of a person in the context of pedagogical and medical knowledge. Śniadecki justified educational and pedagogical guidelines with the physiological theory of which he was the creator. Śniadecki saw the guarantee of health in the development of the abilities of the human body, which was to guarantee physical education. Therefore, it allowed him to boldly identify physical education with medical education, creating the foundations for modern health prevention.

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Zagraniczne migracje mieszkańców województwa podlaskiego w latach 1980–1989 w świetle wyników badania retrospektywnego

Author(s): Małgorzata Dziekońska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Migration routes from the present Podlaskie region lead to North America and European countries, including those beyond the country’s eastern border. The text presents the most important results of the retrospective study with the inhabitants of the region who migrated internationally in the 1980s. The aim of the study was to add to the present knowledge on international migration from this area and complement its characteristics, as well as to see its results from the long-term perspective. In the study quantitative and qualitative methods were applied. The participants were the inhabitants of the Podlaskie region who in the 1980s experienced migration directly – as migrants, or indirectly – as members of migrants’ families. Results for the migrants are discussed in the text. In addition to indicating the main directions and goals of the international migration, the findings of the study allowed the author to establish that in the analyzed period 7 out of 10 respondents directly experienced international migration, and to confirm the existing assumptions about the domination of temporary over long-term migration at that time. The conclusions are also that migration of the 1980s from the Podlaskie region did not effectively translate into economic development of the region, nevertheless, the possibility of experiencing different realities in the countries beyond the western as well as the eastern Polish borders aroused in the migrants desire and readiness for change.

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On the Need for the Education of Officers and Civilian Employees of Guarded Centres for Foreigners

Author(s): Piotr Boćko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This text undertakes to turn the readers’ attention to one of the many training areas of the Border Guard and open up a discussion on the possibility to create, among the courses and training offered to the officers and civilian employees of this service, a special sub-system dedicated to people employed in detention centres. This is because even a preliminary analysis of tasks carried out by officers and civilian employees of detention centres indicates that users of this specific institutional space need to have special professional qualifications in situations involving close cultural contact. This paper highlights only a fragment of a very broad map of problems related to designing the knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as attitudes of people directly involved in the operation of these institutions. The necessity to build social processes between many social actors from such centres in the closed institutional space, and cooperation with external institutions, generate many factors hindering the performance of official tasks. For this reason, it is so vital to equip officers and civilian employees with the essential skills, abilities and knowledge so that they are able to appropriately react to the problems and needs of foreigners, and reduce the emerging threats and conflicts.

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The Influence of Social and Demographic Characteristics on Modern Students’ Self-confidence and Assertiveness

Author(s): Svetlana RUSNAC,Diana Rosciupchin / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The aim of this article is to study, using various methods, the influence of gender, level of economic well-being, university status, origin and year of study on the self-confidence and assertiveness of modern students studying within the Bologna system (from 1 to 3 courses). As a result of the analysis of theoretical, scientific and practical bibliographic sources on the research problem, we present foreign researchers’ various points of view on the concepts of «self-confidence», «assertiveness» and what influences them. The research sample consisted of 315 participants, 110 men and 205 women, aged 18 to 30 years (M = 20.5). The participants were the representatives of higher educational institutions from the Republic of Moldova (Western Europe) and volunteers from the Internet, students of full-time and part-time education. The results of the study showed that students of private universities are more self-confident and assertive than students of state ones; male students are more self-confident than female students, but equal in assertiveness; students with a high level of economic well-being turned out to be the most confident and assertive, students with an average level of economic well-being were slightly less self-confident and assertive, and students with a low level of economic well-being turned out to be the least confident and assertive; students from rural areas are more self-confident, but equal in assertiveness with urban ones; 2nd year students are more self-confident and assertive than students 3 and 1, whose assertiveness is equal. Self-confidence has long been of growing interest among researchers, because this quality makes people happy, promotes all-round development, increases communication efficiency, and its absence impedes personal development and reduces efficiency. Assertive behavior is also important for modern students because it is based on balance. A person is frank about his intentions, but at the same time he/she considers the rights and needs of other people. In this case, the student is confident and draws from this the strength to state his/her point of view in a firmly fair and balanced way.

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Application of Mindfulness Practices in Work on Stress Reduction during the War

Author(s): Larysa Mishchykha,Nataliia Cherniavska,Viktoriia Kravchenko,Nadiia Vityuk,Myroslava Kulesha-Liubinets,Olena Khrushch / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The mindfulness practice involves working with internal mental states based on awareness and the ability to be present in the here and now, contributing to stress reduction. Implementing a stress reduction program is highly relevant in the context of the war in Ukraine. Our research focused on internally displaced persons in Ukraine (20 persons) affected by the war's consequences (loss of loved ones, property, housing, and employment). The program spanned 8 weeks and consisted of 8 sessions in a group therapy format. The structure of the group sessions comprised three main components: working with personal emotions, cognitive processing, and using meditation. It was necessary to alleviate emotional tension by helping participants become aware of their feelings and cognitions and prepare them to enter a meditative state effectively. The results of our work showed that before the start of the therapy group, the stress level of the 20 persons, as measured by a subjective introspective scale, was 9 points (ϭ = 0.45; ϭ2 = 0.2), while after its completion, it reduced to 6 points (ϭ = 0.22, ϭ2 = 0.05). Our research results demonstrated that mindfulness practice has a beneficial impact on reducing stress reactions in individuals during times of war and can be successfully applied in the work of clinical psychologists and psychotherapists as a practical approach to addressing and overcoming stressful situations, particularly during the war.

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Covid-19 and the emotional health of Romanian students

Author(s): Ovidiu Damian,Alberto Duhomnicu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on societies around the world, causing various reasons for concern among the population, from anxiety, stress, psychosomatic symptoms depression, or even suicidal thoughts. One of the most affected groups and a particularly vulnerable sector is that of students, who were able to fully feel the consequences of the pandemic and the psychological pressure related to it. This introduced several stress factors that had the potential to impact their emotional health. The most common problems were the sudden transition to online education, reduced or even non-existent social interactions, the fear of infection and the economic difficulties they faced during this period. We seek to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the youth have been affected, but also potential sources of support and intervention. We used a self-reporting online survey based on the “Balance model” from Positive Psychotherapy in order to assess the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on their emotional health and we also questioned the students about their coping strategies and the actions they consider helpful in such situations. The survey was completed by 1574 students from twenty universities in Romania and showed that a lot of them had professional, physical, and emotional difficulties which they faced mostly alone, without seeking assistance from any type of professional care, such as psychologists or specially designed helplines.

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Every corona is not a virus:

Author(s): God’sgift Ogban Uwen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study is a visual semiotic analysis of Coronavirus memetic humour, aimed at ascertaining the implied meanings of selected Covid-19-related Facebook memes that stimulated virtual discourse among Nigerian netizens during the pandemic. The study adopts Visual Semiotics Theory and Encryption Theory of Humour to account for meanings derived from the presuppositional assumptions and shared sociocultural knowledge which serve as the decrypting ‘key’ to meaning. The ‘key’ activates the appropriate disambiguation and interpretation of the significations in the semiotic resources conveyed in the humorous memes. Nineteen Facebook Covid-19-related memes were selected as a representative sample for a descriptive and qualitative analysis. The analysis is coded into 11 discourse domains based on the related semiotic contents of the memes which include: preventive protocol, media reportage, religious beliefs, health sector, sociopolitical domain, socioeconomic domain, security, science, transportation, relationship and lifestyle to account for the differentials in perceptions by Nigerian netizens. Findings show that Nigerians created Coronavirus memetic humour to stimulate laughter in the rather consequential circumstances generated by the pandemic derived from the humorous contents of the image macros. In the Nigerian social context, the Coronavirus memes humorously instantiate the apprehension and helplessness of a people, and thrive to express protest, insecurity, corruption, religiosity, economic hardship and a poor health system. These, altogether, combine as a myriad of the challenges faced by the people who consolably devised coping strategies to trivialise the pandemic, while yearning for an inclusive government that prioritises the welfare of its citizens.

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‘Are we laughing at the same?’

Author(s): Iveta Žákovská,Carmen Maíz-Arévalo,Ying Cao / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Humour is often employed as a coping mechanism, with therapeutic effects on those producing and receiving it (Christopher 2015; Samson & Gross 2012). This buffering effect of humour might explain why, at the time of an international pandemic like Covid-19, human beings, independently of their cultural origin, have resorted to humour as a means of alleviating uncertainty and fear, and of enhancing feelings of connection and bonding with others. The proliferation of Covid-related humour has also led to a wide range of studies, with special attention to memes. However, contrastive studies are more limited, especially those comparing very different languages and cultural realities such as the Chinese, the Czech and the Spanish ones. This paper aims to redress this imbalance by analysing a corpus of 300 Covid-memes (100 memes per language). More specifically, we intend to answer the following questions: (i) what dimension(s) of humour are predominant in each language? (ii) what actors do the memes in the three countries target? and (iii) to what extent can these preferences relate to cultural differences/similarities? Applying a mixed-method approach, results show that there seems to be a global preference for affiliative humour while aggressive (and self-deprecating) humour appears to be more culturally bound, with a higher frequency in the Czech and Spanish datasets in contrast to the Chinese one. Likewise, the Czech and Spanish dataset share a significantly higher number of common frames, which might be pointing to a more European, Western type of humour in comparison to the Chinese approach (Jiang et al. 2019).

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The Impact of Muhammadiyah’ Leadership Style and Total Quality Management on Competitive Advantage in Universities – Case on Universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Author(s): Utik Bidayati,Armanu Thoyib,Siti Aisjah,Mintarti Rahayu / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The distinctiveness of the Muhammadiyah Leadership Style (MLS) and the implementation of total quality management (TQM) in realizing the competitive advantage of higher education, especially at Muhammadiyah-'Aisyiyah (PTMA) universities, is an interesting situation to be revealed. This article explores the Muhammadiyah Leadership Style's distinctiveness with Total Quality Management's role in increasing competitive advantage. This research uses a positivistic paradigm with an explanatory research type, data collection through questionnaires on 115 study programs at Ahmad Dahlan University, Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University, and 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University using saturation samples and smartPLS as a testing tool. The results showed that the Muhammadiyah Leadership Style, directly or indirectly through Total quality management, positively increased competitive advantage. The treatment of Total Quality Management in higher education proved to bring Muhammadiyah-'Aisyiyah universities to achieve a competitive advantage. The research subjects were taken at the study program of the Muhammadiyah-'Aisyiyah College (PTMA) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) among the many study programs in the PTMA environment located in various regions of Indonesia and abroad, which is a limitation of this study. For universities, the importance of leadership styles is carried out by the unique considerations of each university to realize the organization's competitive advantage and provide insight into the development of leadership styles under the Muhammadiyah Association.

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Organizational resilience assessment in Lithuania's public sector

Author(s): Mindaugas Butkus,Ona Gražina Rakauskienė,Lina Volodzkienė,Andrius Stasiukynas,Ilona Bartuseviciene,Laura Dargenyte-Kacileviciene / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study aims to examine the perspective of public sector resilience development, which is explored as a three-stage construct: Planning, Adaptation, and Enhanced Learning. We analyzed whether these three stages are equally important in developing organizational resilience in the public sector. To assess the developmental importance of the three stages of organizational resilience, this study adopted a quantitative methodology. First, expert research was conducted to analyze whether all three stages were equally important in developing organizational resilience. Second, the level of resilience of public sector organizations in Lithuania was assessed by analyzing the survey results of 401 organizations. The results revealed that according to experts, the Adaptation stage is the most important in developing resilience, while Enhanced Learning is the least important. Meanwhile, resilience assessment in the Lithuanian public sector showed that Planning and Adaptation were equally developed, while Enhanced Learning demonstrated a significantly higher score.

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Sociological Research on the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Student Preparation and the Development of Film Discourse

Author(s): Olena Shcherbak,Hanna Truba,Nina Filippova,Valentyna Romanets,Serhii Bordeniuk,Rostyslav Shchokin / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

This article aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on the education and film industry, specifically focusing on the formation of film discussion. The study examines the peculiarities of the educational process and cinema development trends during the pandemic and quarantine restrictions. The research methodology involves information systematization based on survey results. The study reveals that the majority of respondents perceive the pandemic as having a negative impact on education development, highlighting various challenges associated with distance learning. Additionally, a significant portion of respondents express concerns about the adverse effects of the pandemic on the film industry. The research identifies key development issues in education and the film industry. It suggests that digital advancements offer new opportunities for education development, while considering the changing worldview of the population due to the impact of mass diseases. In terms of film industry development, the study emphasizes the importance of considering economic and resource costs, as well as the need for digitalization during the pandemic. The findings highlight the need for strategic measures to address the challenges faced by the education and film industry during the pandemic. The study underscores the importance of leveraging digital tools and platforms for education and film production. It calls for a comprehensive approach that takes into account the evolving needs and preferences of the population, as well as the economic and resource considerations in the film industry. The research provides insights for policymakers, educators, and filmmakers to navigate the current landscape and make informed decisions to promote sustainable development and growth in these sectors.

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Overprotection as a Factor of Anxiety in Adolescents

Author(s): Alina Proskurnia / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The article aims to identify adolescent anxiety as a personal trait, one of the most dangerous consequences of an overprotective parenting style in modern conditions. The methodological basis of the study involves a set of diagnostic methods (diagnosis of parental attitudes, diagnosis of personality motivation for success, parental attitude research instrument) using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, correlation and regression analysis, and other methods of mathematical statistics. The empirical research has found that excessive care, especially in mother-dominant families, leads to pronounced overprotective. The authors of this article found a direct correlation between this parenting style and the levels of anxiety and motivation in adolescents (an inverse correlation between anxiety level and motivation for success was found). High personal anxiety was recorded in 33% of adolescents, which indicated a negative experience of suffering anxiety. The practical value of this article is due to an integrated approach to the tasks of correctional psychology, which should consider both the personal predisposition to anxiety in adolescents and their early experiences of anxiety. At the same time, educational work with parents and psychological methods to reduce adolescent anxiety are equally important. The involvement of wartime contexts in the perception of the issue raised makes this article original.

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“We Do Everything with Our Own Hands” – Everyday Experiences of Teachers Working with Migrant Children in Poland

Author(s): Justyna Struzik,Krystyna Slany,Magdalena Ślusarczyk,Marta Warat / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The aim of this article is to analyse how teachers experience, navigate and negotiate their daily work in Polish school with migrant children. We explore the title statement of one of the teachers we interviewed – we look at the teachers’ strategy of ‘doing everything with their own hands’. The data presented in the article comes from the quantitative and qualitative study conducted within the CHILD-UP project. The research was conducted in two different locations that allowed us to capture the diversity of migrant children in terms of their status and the specificity of working with them: in a large city in the south of Poland characterized by a significant influx of immigrants in recent years, and in the Lublin Province, where schools are attended mostly by refugee children from Centers for Foreigners. The article provides an analysis of teachers’ agency at three different interconnected levels: the macro level (public policies), the meso level (local community), and the micro level (specific schools and their community). We claim that teachers’ agency expressed by them in a constant search for new tools to support migrant children’s education and integration is shaped by complexities of social, economic and political factors produced by the school system in Poland.

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Polish Teacher Competencies in Teaching Students from Migrant Backgrounds in Preparatory Classes

Author(s): Małgorzata Pamuła-Behrens / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The number of students in the Polish education system from migrant backgrounds has regularly increased in the second decade of the 21st century. Many of them arrive with little to no literacy in Polish. The educational system was not prepared to accommodate these new students; Poland was previously considered an emigration country as opposed to an immigration one. Polish classes were linguistically and culturally homogeneous and teachers rarely had Polish language learners in their classrooms. They were not used to teaching multicultural, mixed, and heterogeneous groups of students and most have to find teaching strategies to best respond to new students who were also learning Polish.Changes in Polish educational laws in 2016 opened up the possibility of preparatory classes (PC) (oddziały przygotowawcze) in schools, although some schools decided to challenge this. In this paper, teachers’ competencies in teaching the newly arrived students in reception classes is discussed. This research was carried out with the goal of understanding teachers’ beliefs, experiences, attitudes, and competencies in this completely new context in their professional experience, namely teaching students from a migrant background in preparatory classes, as well as students who need language or academic support, require intercultural education and a friendly learning environment, or for whom curricula in regular classes were not accessible.

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Reflective Practice as a Manifestation of Intercultural Competences in the Work of Teachers

Author(s): Urszula Majcher-Legawiec / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The article is a form of pedeutological reflection embedded in the context of a new professional and social situation that requires teachers and other school employees to quickly adapt to changes and add new social, intercultural and advanced digital competences. The author argues that certain workshop shortcomings will not have a significant impact on the education process, if the teacher retains the ability to flexibly reflect on their actions and approach their tasks. The effectiveness of didactic activities in a culturally and linguistically heterogeneous class will not only depend on the teacher’s skills, but also on how reflectively the teacher approaches their work.

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Polish Educational System Response Towards Immigrant Children’s Presence at Public Schools

Author(s): Katarzyna Gmaj / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Since 2001, when the Ministry of Education started to collect data on foreigners attending Polish public primary and secondary schools, their number has increased by tenfold, reaching 42 000 in the school year 2019/2020. The article demonstrates how the Polish educational system has responded to immigrant children’s presence. First, it presents instruments targeted at children with migration experience, which Polish authorities have over the years implemented into law regulating schooling. The second part of the article provides an overview of research on the situation of children with migrant experience learning in public schools. The conclusion is not optimistic: Poland did not have and still does not have a strategic vision of national educational policy encompassing such pupils.

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