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Interviews of Galina Koleva with Bozhidar Bozhinov, Vladimir Pavlov and Tchavdar Selveliev
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What is the middle class — is it universally present as a component in all systems of social stratification or is it a characteristic privilege only of the economically and politically developed societies? The article argues that the middle class and strata are a universal phenomenon. One of the orientations is the search for the general characteristics of this phenomenon — in terms of structures, functions, reproduction, roles, etc. — in various historical epochs, different regions and countries of the world. A second orientation is the critique of mental habits and complexes both in mass consciousness and in the minds of the sociologists themselves: the one-sided interpretation of the middle class which assumes property and income to be its main and decisive characteristic; ignoring the multidimensional qualities of all social groups of a startle nature as well as the specific synthetism, the importance of the socio-economic dimension (occupational status in employment, ownership and powerful position in the working activity). Proofs are sought in the argumentation for constructing the classifications of categories, groups and strata. A third aspect is the insufficient understanding of the way in which the middle class and middle strata exist, esp. the con-cretization at the most general macrolevel.
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The average school age is a period of the human development connected with the social adaptation of children. In the scientific literature this period is observed as a crisis of age, reflecting the transition from childhood to juvenility. Social position is changed and more rights are obtained, the child approaches the adults. The undeliberate provocative behaviour of children, typical for this age period, can often turn into permanent asocial behaviour influenced by other personal and social factors as well.
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The development of physical capacity determines the degree of adaptation of the organism to the environment, which in turn means that it depends on the condition of all other qualities of personality. In the lesson of physical education and sport, the motor activity manifests itself in the form of different motorized and structured actions. Their successful realization in practical activity depends on the level of knowledge of different technical techniques as well as on the special physical qualities which in their essence manifest themselves as exercises performed with different power In this report we have examined the question of physical capacity in students.The purpose of the development is to determine the variability of some physical fitness tests at 15–16 years from SU “D. Debelianov” in the town of Bourgas. Our objective assessment of the physical fitness of students at this age is an important prerequisite for an adequate correction of the scale for the control and assessment of adolescents at this age limit.
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The text aspires to see "the nerve network", orga¬nized from those constructing mediaeval culture co-ordinates, which try and in outlined here period (IX--XI centuries) succeeds in withstanding its uni¬ty. The commensurability of, in fact, non-commensurable culture dimensions is looked for mainly in principles of the common lithurgical action, of the church architecture, etc. The social realization of the constitute sacred order — hierarchy, is con sidered especially. The harmony, to which the Mid" dle Ages tend, appears as a fragible and unstable harmony, dreamed, but finally — unrealized. The greatness and the tragedy of the Middle1 Ages reveal, namely, in its unfulfilled aspiration to synthesis.
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The study analyzes the information derived from the Empirical Sociological Research Project "Notions of Teenagers of Marriage and the Family" (Burgas, 1988-1989) covering various aspects of the formation of the family and the stability of marriage. Compared are views of the interviewed Secondary schoolchildren and their mothers and grandchildren living in two types of families — full and divorced. Researched are notions of the motives for marriage, the future marriage partner image, the appropriate age for getting married for the first time, the parents wish and foreign assistance in the choice of the marriage partner, social homogenity of the marriage couple, sex before marriage, infidelity, prerequisites for marriage success, sources of formulation of the happy marriage ideal and the attitude towards celibacy.
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The subject of the paper are historical development and characteristics of the middle class of the society, with special emphasis on development and transformation of middle classes in Serbia in the last several decades. In contemplation of the middle class of Serbia today, sustainability and scope of a relatively frequent statement in public discourse on recent history of the Serbian society is examined, the one which relates to the "fall of the middle class". Central subject of the paper is the question whether tectonic social crisis in the last 15 years has brought about disappearance, complete material and social breakdown of middle classes, i.e., whether the unstoppable enriching of members of the governing political and bureaucratic structures from the previous regime has brought about extreme polarization of the society, with a marginal leftover. Conclusions of the paper are that middle class in Serbia has only "generally" survived the 90s, that during the intensive social crisis it was partially injured, decomposed and differentiated, and that the said processes and the manner in which they took place have possibly left some unfavorable consequences to its "constructive social potential". In this sense the thesis discussed remains only partially confirmed.
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In this report we have presented strategies for attracting customers to a newly opened restaurant. The techniques may not work for every eating place because the clients are different and have various needs, preferences and interests. Therefore the desires of the clients must be identified. The selected means should have a good influence over the growth of the business.
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The Lisbon Treaty mitigates the eligibility of claims brought by natural and legal persons on the legality of acts of the Union institutions. This is that the non-privileged claimants (privileged Member State, European Parliament, Council and European Commission - they are not subject to these eligibility conditions) may seek judicial protection or request judicial review in three cases.
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The paper opens the question of description of weddings in Sremac's novel Pop Ćira i pop Spira. The weddings of Melanija and Pera, and Jula and Šaca are opserved comparatively, and then the accent of the paper goes to wedding of Jula and Šaca. Deeper analysis of this wedding gives us insight into the customs and private lives in the 19th century because it is posible to conclude that the description of the wedding is authentic for the time. Also, author gives great significance to relations of the customs in the novel and the traditional culture of Serbs. The main theme of the paper is followed by events which are prior to the wedding, but are crucial to the complete understanding of Sremac's methods and imagination. Comparative analysis of the two weddings shows the contrast between rural and urban customs, and it is safe to say that it is also a contrast between tradition and the lack of it, with the writer's simpathies oriented towards the traditional and the rural.
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The article is devoted to the difficulty of testing students in IV grade when reading strange text on which they complete a test consisting of open and closed questions. The study includes four-graders of two classes in order to make a comparative analysis of the results obtained during the study. The experiment showed that the students in the experimental group, due to the systematic work with different test variants, had significantly higher scores than their control classmates. Such a fact proves once again that the appropriate selection of exercises, tests and texts accessible to the age of the students in the relevant class greatly contributes to both the refinement of the reading technique and the perception, comprehension and application of the read information on a practical basis by completing mixed-type test questionnaires. Therefore, it is no accident that questions are also included in the test through which to express a personal opinion while adhering to the content of the text
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The current text introduces the idea of communicating through images. The tool is increasingly visible in companies' communication strategies. The prerequisites that lead to the development of this type of communication are discussed, focusing on one of the most used social media – Instagram. A parallel is drawn between the nature of the platform and the ability to find an intersection between visual content and storytelling. At the end of the text, two of the most successful examples from the corporate world are presented and their approach of engaging Instagram followers with the help of experiences in order to convert them into customers while demonstrating the company's philosophy and values.
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The article briefly reviews up-to-date research projects on the Serbian dialects in Hungary, as well as a number of general observations about their contemporary condition using the example of the Deshchan and Batanjan dialects. The contemporary condition of these dialects, especially Batanjan, testifies to the relatively high degree of glottofagia in the dialects. Future research projects of the Serbian dialects in Hungary should be directed towards the functioning of the bilingual/bicultural surrounding. In addition, one would need to apply criteria developed in urban dialectology in such projects.
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