Дисертации 2024
Defended PhD theses in Bulgaria in the field of linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography and art studies.
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Defended PhD theses in Bulgaria in the field of linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography and art studies.
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Data about scientific events in the field of the humanities in Bulgaria in the second half of 2024.
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The relevance of the topic is determined by the importance of personal security for the individual – for his quality of life, for his activity, as well as for a society as a whole. The article analyzes the protection of the individual and his property from crimes as an element of personal security. In addition to the crime statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the results of a nationally representative empirical sociological survey of the adult population conducted in December 2022, are also used. On the background of statistical data on registered crimes, data on the perception of crime, people's assessments of it as a problem, their vulnerability, and also their vision of the role of the state in ensuring the security of citizens and their property are presented and analyzed. The assessments of the fulfillment of these functions by the state are examined. It is monitored how the individual reacts to the risk of becoming a victim of crime. Dependencies on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents are also sought.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the capabilities of the government's macroeconomic policy to achieve equilibrium domestically and internationally. The object of study is macroeconomic policy, aimed at establishing the national economy in a state of internal and external equilibrium. The subject of study of this study includes the instruments for achieving equilibrium from the position of fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policy. To achieve the above goal, a model is presented to explain the mechanism for forming internal and external equilibrium through the instruments of the three types of economic policy. This is the Swan Diagram.
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The concept of „pro bono“, as voluntary and unpaid work in the public interest, is briefly presented. Examples of it are given, with an emphasis on this type of activity in our country and a causal connection is made with motivation, as a driving force of human realization and its needs.
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The 33rd issue of Fordulat deals with the recent era of China's growing international role, which has directly affected the post-regime Hungarian accumulation regimes, from a global and historical perspective. The organic antecedents of the present processes are China's socialist industrialisation attempts, its political and economic reforms in response to the internal contradictions of the system, and their linkage to the transformation of global capitalist production at the end of the 20th century, which was analysed by the Chuang collective in the previous issue of Fordulat, No. 32. This transformation sought to counteract the symptoms of the crisis of the post-World War II global economic boom that emerged in the 1970s by shifting Western production capacity to East Asian and later specifically Chinese industrial zones.
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This theoretical study addresses the phenomenon of digitally initiated bilingualism in preschool age, characteristic of the „Alpha” generation. Based on studies of contemporary scientific sources and direct observations, the publication reports and registers the spontaneous and unstructured acquisition of a second language (predominantly English) by today’s preschool children through their persistent playful interaction with screen content. The aim of this theoretical exposition is to attempt to present and define a relatively new scientific problem for specialists in the field of preschool education. The material is aimed at a wide audience, including students of pedagogical specialties, active preschool teachers, parents of preschool children, and other interested parties. The discussion reveals conflicting viewpoints, highlighting the dissonance between the skepticism of educators, the expert doubts of some researchers, and the actual observations of effective communication of preschool children in natural conditions. The results emphasize the need for theoretical and empirical pedagogical studies in the context of the current digital transformation in education, with a view to adapting the style of upbringing and pedagogical interaction of modern preschool children.
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One of the most difficult aspects of child psychology and pedagogy is the mastery of speech. This process requires purposeful and consistent pedagogical work, including the use of a whole arsenal of pedagogical methods and approaches. In addition to traditional methods, modern science offers the use of innovative interactive methods and information and communication technologies. The use of digital resources in the educational process is an effective method for the implementation of educational tasks in Bulgarian Language. This article aims to present the results of research and experimentation of the effectiveness of the development and use of interactive digital resources for the formation and development of language competences.
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The study presents data from a survey on the attitudes of 561 students in grades 5. – 7. toward digital devices and their use. The analysis was conducted based on three criteria: attachment to digital devices, purpose of using digital devices, and parental control. The results indicate that students are strongly attached to digital devices and perceive them as a means to achieve positive emotional experiences, while parental control is weak. The data were analyzed by gender and type of settlement, revealing significant trends and tendencies.
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The object of the present study is the theory of knowledge in respect to economics. The subject of the study is the organization of the process of scientific knowledge as resources, activities and results, with a specific emphasis on its rational technological form, which received scientific recognition as a methodology. The attempt to transition from philosophical knowledge about methodology to concrete algorithms on the way to creating new knowledge is not new in methodological literature. In the present study, however, a retrospective analysis of the evolution of scientific methodology is carried out, pleading for greater rigor in handling the inherited methodological tools. It reveals not only the methodology of scientific research, but also scientific policy (especially in teaching and in the entrepreneurial application of science), as a connecting link between the needs of practice and the development of cutting-edge science. Even if the decision on the normativity of the methodology is not fully accepted, it is enough to create a desire among researchers in economics to organize and observe the necessary order in the process of scientific knowledge.
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The study examines the evolution of cyber security, cybercrime and the legal framework that governs these areas, focusing on the historical development of technology and threats in cyberspace. Beginning with the early years of mainframe systems and the ARPANET, through the development of TCP/IP protocols and the WWW, the study traces the evolution of the technologies that shape modern digital infrastructure. The initial cybercrimes and their transition to more sophisticated attacks such as DDoS, ransomware and social engineering are also examined. Particular attention is paid to major cyber incidents, such as Stuxnet and SolarWinds, as well as state-sponsored attacks on critical infrastructure. The study includes an analysis of international and European legal regulations, such as the Budapest Convention and the NIS and NIS2 directives, which establish a framework for protection against cyber threats. Based on current trends and case studies, future challenges and the need to improve cyber defence mechanisms are discussed.
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African American churches are famous for their political involve-ment and advocacy efforts on behalf of their own ethnic group. However, while some of them have been heavily involved in various forms of political activity, others have avoided it, focusing mainly on matters of the spirit. In this article, I will present the origins and various forms of Black churches’ political engagement, but foremost I will analyze the debate concerning the mecha-nisms of their political mobilization, trying to answer the question regarding the key factors, which according to researchers, influence churches’ activism. Different research perspectives will be considered, and special attention will be paid to the comprehensive model by Eric L. McDaniel.
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Niniejsze opracowanie porusza problematykę związku zachodzącego między tożsamością narodową a religią oraz zdolnością budowania przez społeczeństwo opozycji wobec systemów komunistycznych. Podjęta w pracy analiza dotyczy narodu polskiego czasu Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej i niemieckiego okresu Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej jako dwóch odmiennych przykładów postaw społecznych.Analiza dowodzi, że Polacy i Niemcy w sytuacji historycznie trudnej, jaką było wprowadzenie systemu komunistycznego, wykazali tendencję do konsolidacji tożsamości narodowej wokół dwóch odmiennych koncepcji: naturalistyczno-kulturalistycznej i konstruktywistycznej. Pierwsza polegała na silnym odwołaniu się Polaków do etnosu, wraz z całym jego wymiarem duchowości i religijności, jako elementu scalającego społeczeństwo, a Niemców do demosu, rozumianego jako podporządkowanie się prawu i władzy stanowiących gwarancję porządku publicznego.Ten zróżnicowanie skonstruowany rdzeń tożsamości stał się kluczowy w budowaniu postaw antykomunistycznych w obu społeczeństwach. U Polaków skutkował sprzeciwem i silną strukturą opozycyjną, u Niemców skłonnością do akceptacji i legitymizacji działań władz komunistycznych. Zjawiska te, szczególnie zauważalne u przywódców Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce i Kościoła ewangelickiego w Niemczech (Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland), dodatkowo wzmacniała zdywersyfikowana spójność religijna – silna u Polaków i słaba u Niemców.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in profound cultural and political metamorphoses of the imagination, interpretation, and organization of the immunization complex of state and society. Starting from the premise that these immunitary transformations tend to become the disciplining norms/standards, this paper seeks to profile their general attributes. First, it detects the discrepancy between the metanarratives of the pandemic’s universal biomedical natural course and symbolically heterogeneous vernacular narratives of the pandemic’s cultural courses. The semiurgic production of the pandemic, i.e. authentic COVID-19 cultures, is one of its most important characteristics. Second, it detects the discrepancy between the “pathogenization of politics” and the “politicization of pathogens”. While the technocratic “pathogenization of politics” involves the engagement of default state platforms, the “politicization of pathogens” is the process of designing new political platforms of biopower. Finally, COVID-19 leads to the perpetuation of the pandemic extra-legitimacy of ruling structures and the recomposition of biological identity from individual protection toward collective protocols. A general attempt to discursively essentialize the biomedical component, to normalize the “state of exception”, affords us the possibility to define any post-COVID-19 state/society governance and organization as a democratic, authoritarian, or hybrid “coronocracy”.
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Inalterability of destiny is one of the major issues of philosophical contention in, and among Yorùbá scholars. It has garnered quite a number of arguments in its favour and otherwise. While, some scholars contend that the traditional understanding of destiny suggested inalterability of destiny, to others the reverse is the case. Thus, the polemics that shrouds the essence and nature of destiny in Yorùbá culture raises the question of e̩sè̩ (struggle) in Yorùbá ontological and mythological analysis of the concept of destiny. The paper, anchored its argument on the Yorùbá saying ibi orí ń gbé ni lo, k’é̩sè̩ máà sini l’ónà – where the head is taking one to, may the leg not mislead one, to repudiate the inalterability of destiny in Yorùbá culture. Hence, the paper, using philosophical methods of investigation, projects the notion of e̩sè̩ (struggle) as fourth element that constitute the entirety of human person in Yorùbá culture.
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The article presents the importance of maritime transport for the world economy and the need to ensure the safety of ships and cargo during their passage by sea. An analysis has been made of the basic principles and norms that relate to piracy and attacks on ships at sea. The main part of normative documents and rules that relate to the security and safety of ships is presented. As a result, some specific points are indicated which are not covered by these documents and which limit the use of armed forces against pirate attacks.
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The report examines the current perceptions and issues facing the organization and implementation of coalition forces’ logistic support in a dynamically changing security environment and the measures taken by NATO.
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Autonomous drones are emerging as a key optimization tool in the oil and gas industry, which is under pressure to improve safety and efficiency while minimizing costs. Equipped with advanced technologies such as OGI and FLIR, these drones automate tank inspections, cutting processing times from hours to minutes and eliminating risks to personnel. Example from 2022 shows that they have identified over 180 anomalies with over 99% accuracy, saving significant money and increasing productivity. Integrating them into critical infrastructure not only optimizes operational costs, but also contributes to resilience, better risk management and increased inspection frequency.
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