The Image of the Other in the Cultural Practices of the Modernity

Author(s): Serhii Vytkalov,Lesia Smyrna,Iryna Petrova,Adriana Skoryk,Olena Mykolayivna Goncharova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The cultural diversity and the culture of plural coexistence becomes the global problem of existence. Mutual penetration and leveling of the boundary having divided the world into Other and Own is relevant, as it challenges identity in the conditions of openness and unification. Own culture is able to reveal its potential and present its essential features and original character only in the context of a different cultural dimension. The complex intertwinings, connections, influences of the cultures of different peoples and their worldviews in a single world cultural space are illuminated by the dialogue. Dialogue determines the nourishing interaction, which allows to get richer by knowing the unique, valuable experience of the Other, to expand the horizons of one’s own existence. The atmosphere created by the dialogue is marked by humanism, implies the dignity and the right of each participant to argue their own point of view, therefore, to use their own intellectual abilities, knowledge and values.

Ricoeur and Foucault on Tragedy and Truth

Author(s): Carlos Garduño Comparán / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of this text is to confront some Paul Ricoeur’s and Michel Foucault’s significant reflections on Greek tragedy, in order to discuss their interpretation of its truth and the knowledge it makes possible. Ricoeur supposes that tragedy implies a theology that, though it is not explicitly developed, points to the knowledge of the self, his conflicts with others, and even to a possible redemption. For his part, Foucault determines that in tragedies a set of discourses opposing against each other is at stake, without the possibility of overcoming their conflict in a higher knowledge. Does tragedy allows knowledge through the spectacle and the emotions aroused? Is the truth of tragedy manifested in the confrontation and intensification of passions, but cannot be developed as knowledge of the self and his reconciliation with others?

Аналитика на афицируемостта: около проблема за феноменологическото несъзнавано

Author(s): Denitsa Nencheva,Desislav Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The problem of the relationship between consciousness and unconsciousness has proved to be not only a neuralgic point in the interdisciplinary debates throughout the 20th century, but one which maintains its notable place in the present day. Taking the long and complex history of the encounters between Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and Edmund Husserl's mature phenomenology as a theoretical background, the present paper offers a novel approach towards the consciousness/unconsciousness problem, situated within the peculiar sphere shaped by the dialogue between Freudian and Husserlian notions. What we offer is a preliminary sketch for an analytics of affectability that opens a path toward reexamining some key psychoanalytical concepts such as unconscious, repression and memory which can be a valuable contribution to the development of phenomenological conceptualizations of different forms of traumatic experience.

ЖИВОТЪТ КАТО ФИЛОСОФИЯ НА РАЗВИТИЕ И ВЕЧНО ПОВТОРЕНИЕ

Author(s): Elena Panayotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2021

Reflect on the sacral value of visual art-facts, symbolizing life – as a philosophy of development in ascending gradation and the eternal repetition of intrinsic values, as well as their nurturing role in Bulgarian secondary school.

За естетическите ценности в контекста на интегралния подход у Радослав Цанов

Author(s): Tatyana Batuleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The text analyzes the role of aesthetic experience for Radoslav Tsanoff, an American philosopher of Bulgarian origin. The article is structured in the following directions: creativity and innovation in science and art (differences and analogies); art and culture as part of a new scale of values; aesthetic experience as participation in the perspective of the theory of shared values; role and importance of culture (spirit of cosmic scale and depth). The conclusion is that these are in harmony with the general direction in his work, including the need for an integral approach and a new scale of values.

Смисълът на музиката

Author(s): Georgi Fotev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Music has a double meaning. The musical meaning is specific immanent and constitutive for the musical work, taken in itself as without subject. The meaning of music is a connection between a piece of music (musical meaning) and the extra-musical human lifeworld. The musical meaning and the meaning of music are inseparable. The great forms of European music are modal, tonal, atonal and aleatory music. The transition from one form to another is a transformation of the immanent musical meaning and the meaning of music. They are historically determined. The meaning of music is possible thanks to isomorphism in the universe.

Етическият аспект на цвета като мода: XIV–XVI век

Author(s): Vyara Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article traces the transformation of black color in clothing as a sign of high ethical standards. And fashion itself began to operate as an axiological and ideological form, expressing and setting certain values. Thus, clothing as a color, on the one hand, becomes a sign of public indication and recognition, and on the other – an instrument of social segregation.

Оригиналът в епохата на дигиталната му възпроизводимост

Author(s): Ivan Svilenov Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The problem with the original in the era of its digital reproducibility concerns both photography, which until recently dominated media in contemporary art, and more conventional art forms, such as painting and music, which entered the digital universe and became irreversibly devalued because of the accessibility and malicious democracy of the new digital meta universe. Entering the second decade of the 21st century, the economic trap in which the arts fall is becoming clearer, and the traditional idea of the uniqueness of the original work falls under the pragmatic critique of the consumer world, in which everyone can and wants to own, in the digital format, all the information of interest or need. A new chance for artists to declare the originality of their digital work is the emerging NFT culture, and an interesting question that may arise from now on is whether a potential shift of big capital to the originals in their digital version will not orient the gallery spaces to other purposes than commercial? Obviously, interesting restructuring in the world of art is forthcoming and the emergence of new and more important institutions than galleries and museums is not excluded.

По повод на Ницше

Author(s): Plamen Antov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This text is part of a book with fragments to be published. The fragments touch on the figure of Nietzsche, although in a casual, relatively free way, and are mainly selected to characterize “his” themes or biographical plots (including the fragmentary metanarrative itself).

Женското: актуален фокус на изследване

Author(s): Ivanka Stapova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Един документ, свидетелстващ за християнската етика и обществената ангажираност на българите в Oтечеството и в емиграция (Румъния) през 60-те години на XIX век

Author(s): Ivaylo Naydenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The proposed article pays attention to a document that provides valuable information in two directions. The first one is related to the Christian moral norms typical for the period of the Bulgarian National Revival. The second direction is related to the public self-organization and charity. The mentioned document is a letter (from 1860) sent by the notables of Tarnovo to their fellow countrymen in Ottoman Bulgaria, and in Romania (Bucharest) in order to help financially and morally their fellow-citizen Mihail Vasilev. He was a guild member (a furrier) and a merchant who became very poor in 1860. Probably the reasons for his pauperization were related to the specific economic and financial situation in the Ottoman Empire after the Crimean War (1853–1856). The negative factors caused by the war forced Mihail to leave the urban setting, and settle down in Romania. It is interesting to note that the spirit of Christian ethical norms (goodness, charity, compassion) influences the content of the whole document. The notables of Tarnovo urged their compatriots in the Bulgarian lands, and in Romania to help the needy and his family (a wife and five daughters). There are also some clues about merchants, their profession and wealth; the role of basic moral principles such as honesty. Last but not least, the discussed primary source can give the opportunity to assess the importance of self-organization of Bulgarians to help each other. Their social capital (social/entrepreneurial networks and contacts based on mutual trust) played an important role in such philanthropic activities.

Natural Consciousness and Absolute Knowledge: the Notion of Philosophy as Established in Hegel’s „The Phenomenology of Spirit“

Author(s): Vyacheslav Korotkikh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This research provides an analysis of the role of ‘natural consciousness’ and ‘absolute knowledge’ in the process of establishing the notion of philosophy in Hegel’s The Phenomenology of Spirit. The author seeks to show that ‘natural consciousness’ does not disappear in the first approaches to The Phenomenology, but rather, it continues to act as the subject of the ‘experience of consciousness’ until the end. The material analysis directly related to the evolution of ‘natural consciousness’ in the first stages of ‘experience’ particularly supports the hypothesis about the philosopher’s work on the book. The results obtained can be seen as a validation of the idea that the usual notions of overcoming ‘natural consciousness’ already in the first ‘experiences of consciousness’ do not correspond to its fundamental role in establishing the notion of philosophy in The Phenomenology of Spirit. It represents not only the starting point of the phenomenological movement but it is also involved in the ‘reversals of consciousness’ at every stage of the ‘experience,’ which is important to take into account for the correct evaluation of the specificity of The Phenomenology of Spirit and the comprehension of the nature of philosophical knowledge as the main result of this Hegelian work.

Новата парадигма в медицината

Author(s): Julia Vasseva-Dikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

From the antiquity to nowadays the connection between philosophy and medicine is of substantive importance. One of the outstanding figures for medicine as Hippocrates of Kos, named “the father of medicine”, built the fundamental principals of medicine as rational endeavour. The other important figure in late antiquity – Claudius Galenus or Galen of Pergamon –made an important thesis that a good doctor is a philosopher too (work That the Best Physician is also a Philosopher). This work analyses the questions concerning contemporary relationships between philosophy and medicine today. One of the central topics is focused on contemporary criteria for medical theory, research and practice. In the beginning of the 90s, the so-called Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) formulated specific methodological features that medicine has to aspire to. Today, every field of medicine is based on the principles formulated by EBM. This gives grounds for a number of authors to talk about a "new paradigm" in medical science and practice and to base this idea on the EBM movement. The present paper will analyse the discussion of whether EBM is a paradigm according to Kuhn’s idea of a “paradigm shift”, and will critically analyse scientific change situation in the context of modern medicine (scientific and social aspects).

The Culture of a Modernizing Traditional Society (Ethnical Aspect)

Author(s): Anzhelina A. Koriakina / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The intensification of world processes has acutely raised the problem of transitional or modernizing societies and cultures. In this regard, the question of the culture of a modernizing society is actualized. In the article, the concept of “culture of a modernizing society” through the prism of modernization of a traditional society and ethnical aspect is analyzed. The explanatory cultural concept of the present day is developed. In this context, the main characteristic of a modernizing society is culture. It is revealed that culture of a modernizing society is quite plastic, multicomponent, and includes both traditional and innovative (modern) components. The Yakut culture at the modern stage is observed and it is cleared that the Yakut people are going through the final process of acculturation of the Yakut ethnos and the cultural assimilation of its large part.

Идеята за човека в политическата философия на модернизма

Author(s): Stoyanka Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article analyzes the development of the idea of the "political man" in the context of its dependence on the specifics of the political system, as well as the dependence of the power system on the idea of human freedom. The problem of the transformation of the individual into a citizen, whose political independence is stimulated by the existence of rights and his expression in the public sphere, is studied in the article. Unveiling the human dimension of polity provokes the need to analyze the problem of the political subjectivity of the individual, the autonomy of the will and the dignity of man.

Стил на взаимоотношение между ученици и учители в училищна среда

Author(s): Sezgin Bekir,Ergyul Tair / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article presents results of a research of student – teacher relationship styles in the school environment, measured by the stroke economy. The sample includes 339 students between the ages of 13 to 15, of whom 198 are from vulnerable and 141 are from invulnerable groups, and 229 teachers between the ages of 24 to 65. The results present significant differences in the styles used by the three groups. Students from vulnerable groups declare preferences for the styles “Don't accept” and “Don't give yourself”, which is expressed in a tendency to devalue their own achievements and successes. Students from invulnerable groups and teachers express preferences for the styles “Don't accept” and “Don't ask”, which suggests manifestations of characteristics such as confidence and a tendency to reject compliments. The obtained results can be used as an approach to increase the efficiency of the student-teacher relationship and improve the social climate in the classroom.

Творческа мотивация и процъфтяване: индивидуално-психологически аспекти

Author(s): Kirilka Tagareva,Magdalena Gereva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Creative motivation is considered in the context of personality structure and flourishing as an indicator of positive development. The aim of the present study is to explore the relationships in the field of creativity and creative motivation as factors for achieving psychological well-being and flourishing, as well as their presence within various psychological profiles. Hypotheses have been raised in order to measure the presence of creativity indicators within certain psychological types in relation to the level of creative motivation and flourishing. The survey instruments used are: Myers Briggs Type Indicator, Torrance Creative motivation scale and Diener Flourishing Scale. The results presented are based on a pilot study conducted in Plovdiv. The sample includes people in early adulthood, authentic folklore dance performers.

ON JUST, JUSTICE AND DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE: A CRITICAL AND COMPARATIVE DISCOURSE

Author(s): Sooraj Kumar Maurya / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Despite being endlessly debated, a unanimous impetus on the nature of just, justice, and distributive justice appears entirely untouched to the desirable scientific certainty so far. Aristotle asserts treating’ equals equally and un-equals unequally’ but in proportion to their relevant differences. John Rawls says 'justice as fairness.' To both Aristotle and John Rawls, justice meant for the good and a willingness to act by the laws to ensure the highest good of society. Antecedently, both agree that justice is a master imperative for good human relationships and coexistence. However, despite the universal agreement, they differ in many fundamental respects. Aristotle denies the outbound distribution of an individual's rights as only the head of the family has the right to free speech in the family. But, Rawls distributes each right to the individual level. The paper attempts to discuss the similarities and dissimilarities in Aristotle's and John Rawls'ideas of just, justice and distributive justice. It has been argued that the aim of both philosophers was the same, i.e., to find out a theory of justice through which unity, harmony, virtue, and happiness can be attained to the fullest in a nation.

ЧУТО-ВИДЯНО

Author(s): Ivan Marazov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The article aims to compare the creative principles of the epic and that of archaic art. The standard repeatable vocabulary of folklore and art is determined by the use of object and action formulas and themes, as well as rhythm and symmetry in the composition. In this way content is condensed and the whole myth can be read / remembered. For the initiates in the language of mythological thinking, figurative hints are sufficient to reproduce a mythological situation. As in myth and ritual, cosmogony is realized through naming, so in art the world is created through obtaining an image. The article draws analogies with Balkan folklore, as well as Greek, Vedic and Celtic mythology.

Kuratorstwo archiwum? Przypadek Themersonów

Author(s): Honorata Sroka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (19)/2022

The article concerns the Themerson Archive in Warsaw, which for nearly three decades was prepared for publication by art critic Jasia Reichardt. She not only sorted out these collections, but also acted as an intermediary between the artists, the Archive, and the audience. In this case, the curatorship of the archive is an effort to bring the individual parts of the collection closer to the audience by creating a narrative about the history of individual artifacts. The curator has bestowed on the materials a broad biographical context. In her article, Honorata Sroka comes up with the idea of the curatorship of archival collections. She develops a specific approach to curatorship by describing Reichardt’s exhibition methods, i.e., the latter’s strategies of presentation and presence in the Themerson Archive. Sroka moves away from the classic approaches to the theory of archives by regarding the curator’s activities not only as attempts to limit the public’s access to knowledge about the artists and the desire to guard their collections, but rather as organizational efforts aimed at formulating a coherent method for the presentation of materials. Moreover, Sroka emphasizes the fact that Reichardt’s experience as a long-time curator of art exhibitions, the author of numerous articles, and the director of the Whitechapel Art Gallery in London has allowed her to make a highly original contribution to the field of archival studies.