A „másik” esztétikai jelenléte Hobbes szerződéselméletében

Author(s): Mihály Szilágyi-Gál / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

In several of his works, Thomas Hobbes contrasts rhetorical and scientific speech. Although in Leviathan his position is changed, Hobbes continues to emphasize the inordinate, excessive nature of rhetorical speech in politics and distinguishes it from sovereign scientifically true and legally correct speech. According to my thesis, both models of persuasion, the rhetorical and the anti-rhetorical model, have an aesthetic character in Leviathan. This fact is evident in the doubling of the person who represents both his/her self and his/her fellow citizens as dependent subjects in their public/political roles. This self-representation as the inherent imaginary act of the political man echoes the rhetorical hierarchy of the difference between the private and the public.

A „politikai” és a „kivétel” kategóriája Claude Lefort politikafilozófiájában

Author(s): Lajos András Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

The present paper focuses on a central issue of the political philosophy of Claude Lefort, namely the special forms of the formation and functioning of modern democracy. Lefort distinguishes clearly the ontic level of politics (parties of the parliament, government and other institutions, etc.) and the ontological level of the political (the symbolically constructed forms of rule). According to Lefort, the rule moves to an empty place, as a consequence of the modern democratic revolutions. From this moment, the rule belongs to those who speak on behalf of the people, but the people is actually formed from the mass of the residents, by their speeches. Therefore, the modern democracy lives under conditions of constant uncertainty, because of its continuous pressure of legitimacy. Sometimes, it can bring modern democracy close to the edge of a precipice; and a kind of totalitarianism seems to be a solution.

A Possible Way of Relaunching Philosophical Creation in Culture and Public Life [A Review of Andrei Marga, Explorări în present (Exploring in the Present), Cluj-Napoca, Eikon Publishing Housse, 2014, pp. 404]

Author(s): Marţian Iovan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

A Preliminary Glance at Social Innovation from an Ontological Point of View

Author(s): Roberto Poli / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

After presenting four basic ontological frameworks for social being, the paper adopts the two-layered approach defended by Bhaskar and Poli. Within this frame-work, the relation between emergents and latents is briefly described. Since most emergents are ephemeral (weak signals), the problem arises of what may eventually stabilize emergents, and values are seen as promising stabilizers for emerging new behaviors. By exploiting the case of technological innovation, the paper raises the broader issue of social innovation and the problem of its stabilization.

A Process Identity: The Aesthetics of the Technoself. Governing Networking Societies

Author(s): Oana Șerban / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The main aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between two innovative concepts—the technoself and process identity—from a perspective inspired by process ontology. The working hypothesis is that industrialized and mass societies entered into a post-industrial or informational sphere of capitalism, becoming networking societies—also known as knowledge-based societies—which closely followed their role in approaching the plural identity of the digital Subject and the surveillance practices exercised in its governance as correspondent models for the changes of the current reality. The first section of the article is devoted to research on the technoself, a concept recently introduced by Luppicini in 2013. Criticizing the technoself in terms of process ontology and as a result of digitalization, subjectivity, and technical rationality, I will argue that the constitution of digital subjects, as well as their interactions, should be defined in terms of processes. Therefore, I introduce the concept of process identity—which includes the technoself—and explain how this approach contributes to the development of different research fields (such as speculative realism and object-oriented ontology) and how it affects Floridi’s distinction between digital ontology and informational ontology. The second section focuses on the effects of the digital environment on self-constitution practices and techniques, virtual worlds experiencing what Foucault recognizes as the aesthetics of existence. In the final part, I confront Bentham’s and Foucault’s panopticism, arguing that based on what is accomplished by process identities, networking societies represent societies of control, not disciplinary ones, and consequently this distinction should be applied in governing virtual communities. In the end, I will explain why notions such as digital personae or databased selves are insufficient, and should be replaced by the concepts of process identity and technoself, respectively, in order to improve the models of governing networking societies.

A propos de la décision chez A. Badiou ou peut-on être atheiste

Author(s): Jelica Riha / Language(s): French,Macedonian / Issue: 1/2006

Je ne me propose pas d’éclairer la pensée d’A. Badiou. Le sujet est trop vaste pour être abordé de manière exhaustive. Il est nécessaire donc de trouver une approche, un angle d’attaque, si je puis dire, plus restreint. Le propos qui suit vise un point et un seul: le point où se dessine la ligne de partage entre la philosophie et l’antiphilosophie: la décision.

A Puzzle from Elsewhere: Against the Standard Account of Elsewhere

Author(s): Morgan Luck / Language(s): English / Issue: 63/2020

The standard account of elsewhere is that it is any place that isn’t here. In this paper I argue against this account by demonstrating that (given some plausible assumptions) it results in a contra-diction. In its place I offer a modified account of elsewhere; where a place can only be elsewhere if it is in the same type of space as here.

A Remarkable Brain

Author(s): Claire Colebrook / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

A SHORT REJECTION OF THE INNATE IDEAS OF DESCARTES THROUGH THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL SCOPE OF HUME

Author(s): Rocco ASTORE / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2020

Descartes’s belief in innate ideas still looms, in one form or another, over the historyof philosophy today. In typical Early-Modern, Rationalist fashion, Descartespresents readers with main arguments for his belief in these pre-packaged ideas, viaappeals to God and the application of logical thinking techniques. That is, Descartesasserts that the so-called inherent idea of God derives from God and that the mindcan establish this notion as well as the surety of its supposed innate ideas ofimmortality and identity. However, such ideas may appear alien to some, and evenunfounded upon critique. First, this essay will present Descartes’s philosophy ofinnate ideas by using his Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy.Next, this piece will then describe the philosopher Hume’s Empiricist understandingof ideas and the problems of abstraction, and then challenge the Cartesian view thatinnate notions like God, immortality of the soul, and identity may not be so innate, oras precise as Descartes leads us to believe.

A sokféleség két formája és a homogenizáció

Author(s): János Tóth I. / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

Diversity is the unity of sameness and non-sameness (difference). In a basic situation, the more significant the difference, the greater the diversity. However, the organic systems based on relatively homogeneous groups, sub-units and structures are governed by special rules. The heterogenization of groups, that is, their dissolution decreases diversity. I propose to present this paradox effect of homogenization through examples taken from biology and social studies. The structural diversity of humanity is closely linked to the objective and subjective sameness and identity of individuals. There are three fundamental, political approaches to relate to human diversity: hierarchy, the approach that emphasizes difference; equality that emphasizes sameness, and equality that emphasizes difference. The first approach belongs to the outworn past, therefore the battle for defining the future takes place between the remaining two approaches. The aspect that these approaches are debating is whether it is the individual form of diversity (globalization, deconstruction) or its structural form (emancipation, sovereignty) that must be promoted.

A Theoretical Approach to the Concept of Femi(ni)cide

Author(s): Aleida Luján Pinelo / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The concept of ‘femicide’ was first formulated in 1992 by Jill Radford and Diana Russell; nonetheless, it has not been widely discussed in feminist philosophical arenas. This situation has led to a narrow understanding and/or misunderstanding of the concept. For example, it is often applied to a phenomenon mistakenly assumed to occur “only in third world countries” or said to essentialize women. Through a new-materialist methodology, this paper contributes to the discussion on this concept from a feminist theoretical perspective.

A Tiny Boat Lost at Sea: Trauma and Ethics in Havarie [Collision] by Philip Scheffner (Germany, 2016)

Author(s): Anat Tzom Ayalon / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

A distant image of a boat adrift in the Mediterranean Sea, with thirteen refugees on board. Taken from a YouTube clip, the image is dealt with and stretched in slow motion. The unsynchronized soundtrack is composed of faceless voices of migrants and refugees. The fragmented soundtrack and the“processed” still frame repetitive image underscore that Havarie [Collision] is a documentary which engages not only with the refugee question. It also reflexively questions the conventions governing the representation of suffering in the media. While the visual image is undermined, the voice assumes a significant role. Thus one’ attention is drawn to listening to voices expressing their traumatic experiences of migration. The human voice is perceived as an inner expression of trauma, a vehicle that embodies ethical significance (Caruth, “TheWound” 8-9; Dolar 86) Jacques Derrida talks of specters that haunt Europe, spirits whose evasive presence cannot be controlled nor silenced (xix). Hamid Naficy shows that exile cinema emphasizes the voice, different languages, and accents (18-38). It undermines the hegemony of the picture and modernity, and moves towards the acoustics of exile that mixes the pre-modern and post-modern. I would like to argue that the divide between image and voice has ties with Jean-François Lyotard’s concept of le différend – a term relating to languages that never meet and are untranslatable, as long as one language enforces itself on and silences the other (13). In addition, I would like to connect the film’s faceless voices with the ethical concepts of Emmanuel Levinas: he intertwines the term “face” (le visage) with “the said” (le dit) and seeks a moment of epiphany through face or language (that are not necessarily visual or verbal), a moment which impels us to listen and arouses our ethical responsibility toward the Other (Totality; “The Saying” 5-7). I suggest that the film’s faceless world, where thirteen men wait for a rescue that never arrives, forces one to reflect on one’s blindness and deafness while watching the Other.

A többség zsarnokságától a szelíd önkényuralomig

Author(s): Vasile Prahovean / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

Tocqueville’s thought-world is decisively influenced by the conviction that modern democracy that is based on the will of the majority is rather appropriate for creating equality than freedom. Moreover, the mass democracy leads to oppression if the coercive force of the public opinion is extended over all the aspects of social life. Democracy in America discusses in two different contexts the problem of totalitarianism supported by the public opinion. The tyranny of majority is supplemented by the hypothesis of soft despotism, by recognizing that the horizontally extending oppression can be generated by a state power that is manipulating the democratic ideas. The administrative despotism reconciles the omnipotence of the public opinion with the centralizing tendencies and under the aegis of the benevolent state power will take control over private lives. The individuals isolated from each other are less capable of restraining its power, therefore it is essential that the exertion of individual rights and freedom has to be supplemented with collective values.

A Two-Level Theory of Trust

Author(s): Esther Oluffa Pedersen / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

The chief aim of the paper is to argue for a two-level theory of trust consisting of basic and intentional trust. The paper sets out by comparing the concepts of trust and justice to highlight the double meaning of trust as a descriptive social phenomenon and an evaluative normative term. It is subsequently argued that the conceptions of trust known from political science and recent philosophical debates of trust do not capture this double meaning of trust as the former focuses on trust as a social phenomenon while the latter focuses on the normative aspect. As an alternative I develop a two-level theory of trust where basic trust, understood in accordance with sociologist Harold Garfinkel’s conception of trust, is combined with a conception of intentional trust as a willed response to breaches in the social expectancies. Finally, the social philosophical consequences of the twolevel theory of trust are indicated in a brief recapitulation of the comparison of trust and justice.

A Virtue-based Model for Medical Ethics and Practice in Edmund Pellegrino

Author(s): Philemon Ayibo / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This paper deals with the resurgence of interest in virtue ethics in professional ethics, specifically as it applies to Edmund Daniel Pellegrino’s account in medical ethics. Pellegrino investigates in a clear manner the ethical problems of contemporary medicine from a virtue ethics point of view and offers a virtue-based ethic for medicine as an effective tool and a practical guide for confronting the challenges of modern medicine. His account builds on a thesis of the indispensability of virtuous character traits for a sound medical practice. Pellegrino’s virtue ethics offers a plausible and distinctive alternative to utilitarian and Kantian (principle-based) approaches to understanding and evaluating professional roles. It is hoped that our exploration of Pellegrino’s account will underline the place of a virtue ethics in medicine and stimulate a similar inquiry into social welfare, and into other forms of human professions and disciplines.

A World Is Ending

Author(s): Levi R. Bryant / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

About “Justitia” (Righteousness) and “Aequitas” (Equity). The contribution of Lactantius († 325) in the specifying of the content of the two constituent elements of the “Jus”

Author(s): Nicolae V. Dură / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

By a brief analysis of the text of Lactantius’s work, entitled „Justitia,” one can say that for Lactantius, „Justitia” (Justice) and „Aequitas” (Equity) were primarily two moral virtues, with theological-philosophical and juridical implications and consequences, hence the moral obligation that any legislator – wherever and whoever he may be – ought to take them into account in the application of Justice.

ABOUT THE VERBALISATION OF THE CONCEPTS „SOUL” AND „FATE” IN THE RUSSIAN LINGUOCULTURE

Author(s): Lyudmila M. BUZINOVA,Olga P. Ryabko,Mayya G. MERKULOVA,Yelena G. KNYAZEVA,Irina G. Anikejeva,Yanina I. SUKHAREVA / Language(s): English / Issue: Supplement/2020

This article is devoted to the research of cognitive potential of linguistic sign participating in the representation of concepts “soul” and “fate” in Russophone linguistic culture. Manners of lexical, phraseological, literature verbalisation of these concepts are being considered. There is the assumption that analysis of mechanisms of anthropological verbalisation of these concepts at the different levels of discourse realisation reveals additional essential characteristics of the Russian sphere of concepts in ethnocultural aspect. Obtained results may be used in lingo and cultural studies, courses on lexicology and intercultural communication, in teaching developments and researches on theory of modern Russian language. Prospects for the study of key concepts of a different type are being outlined.

Abstract logical structuralism

Author(s): Jean-Pierre Marquis / Language(s): English / Issue: 69/2020

Structuralism has recently moved center stage in philosophy of mathematics. One of the issues discussed is the underlying logic of mathematical structuralism. In this paper, I want to look at the dual question, namely the underlying structures of logic. Indeed, from a mathematical structuralist standpoint, it makes perfect sense to try to identify the abstract structures underlying logic. We claim that one answer to this question is provided by categorical logic. In fact, we claim that the latter can be seen—and probably should be seen—as being a structuralist approach to logic and it is from this angle that categorical logic is best understood.

ABSTRACTIZARE ȘI FILOSOFIE LA A.N. WHITEHEAD

Author(s): Claudiu Baciu / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian / Issue: 5/2020

Although Whitehead acknowledges the importance of abstraction in philosophy, he criticizes modern philosophy's bias to consider scientific abstraction as reality itself. This article discusses some of Whitehead's views regarding aspects of the evolution of modern science that influenced modern philosophy