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Viața mondenă a societății bucureștene în timpul și după revoluția de la 1848

Author(s): Adrian Silvan Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

This paper deals with the social life during and after the 1848 Wallachian Revolution.That period was not at all as grimly as history used to describe it. On the contrary, the high society organized smart balls and receptions for both the revolutionists and for those who came to subdue them and put an end to the revolution. Both the high ranking Turkish or Russian officers were greeted and feasted with generosity. All these details are revealed by the correspondence kept by three young noblewomen whose simpathies were with the revolution: Alexandrina Magheru, Felicia Racoviţă and Catinca Golescu. Their letters, full or irony and minute details, are stored at the National Archives, the Dolj County Branch in Crajova.

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Așezămîntul cultural Ion I.C. Brătianu

Author(s): Chira Jurcă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

Was created in november 1928, an year after the death of the great political man, under the inltialve of his wife, Eliza Brătianu and those of his brothers, Vintila and Constantin I.C. Brătianu.Having In view to keep the memory of the dear departed personality, the foundation was developing its activity in three fields:- the organization of a library,- the publication Bratianu's most important works, especially his politcal speeches and articles brought out in his life, beginning with 1909 year,- the raise of a Bratianu's statue worked by Ivan MestroviciFor achivement of all these, the upper-mentioneds and the most important collalorators and friends, who were near Brătianu along his life and helped him to materialize the historical aspirations of Rumanian people, were working for ten years and spending a lot of mony, the most part of them given by his family, friends, an important contribution had also of institutions, ministries, distict councils, otodox and Greek-Catholic churches and schools.The unveiled of the monument, a feast for Rumanian people, was treated with consideration from minister to pupil for that man who inspired and contibuted to accomplish the nation ideal and all life served his country.

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Contribuții la cunoașterea activității sculptorului Spiridon Georgescu

Author(s): Virgiliu Z. Teodorescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

As in other circumstances, the author is constantly preoccupied with presenting the artistic works of the first part of the twentieth century. At that time, these cultural achievements had earned their place in the national patrimony, but several other factors led to their total or partial Ignorance and removal. Spiridon Georgescu was one of the great plastic artists who were treated this way. He is the author of many works that, throughout the years, were integrated into public forums or private collections. The study of such works has become an acute necessity in order to perform an analysis that would allow a correct evaluation of the author and his work.

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Generalul Leonard Mociulschi în cele trei războaie din prima jumătate a veacului nostru

Author(s): Vasile Novac / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/1998

The author presents the military activity of Leonard Mociulschi during three wars: 1913. 1916-1919 and 1941-1945. He bases his research on unpublished military documents. During 1916-1918, due to his brave behavior, General Leonard Mociulschi was promoted and decorated by the Romanian and French armies. Mociulschi also made a name for himself on the Nistru battle front, between 1918 and 1919. On the Eastern front (between 1941 and 1944), Mociulschi had the hardest task of commanding the first armies to cross the rivers Nistru and Nipru and go into Crimeea. Beginning with January 1943, General Mociulschi proved exceptional qualities in the defence battles of Cuban and Crimeea. After August 23, Mociulschi distinguished himself in the battles for the liberation of Transylvania, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. The General was compensated with the highest military orders for his courage on the battle field. He received Romanian, as well as German decorations - the "Mihai Viteazul" Order (third and second class), the Iron Cross (second and first class) and the Golden Cross. He was also decorated by the French and praised by Soviet generals which he collaborated with.

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Asistența religioasă în armata română în prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea

Author(s): Dumitru Stavarache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/1998

Priests were present in the Romanian army for centuries. The first official regulation regarding the activity of priests in the Romanian army dates back to 1870, when the "Regulations for the Military Priests" were issued. After World War I the activity of military priests was grounded on modern criteria and the Military Bishopric was founded. The activity of the military clergy was regulated by the "Law regarding the Organization of Military Clergy" of 1921 and the "Law on the Organization of Military Clergy" of 1937. The laws not only stipulated the duties of the military clergy in the Romanian army, but also set a wide frame for ecumenical manifestation of all creeds. Archive's documents point to the fact that active cooperation existed between the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Cults, in order to assign the military priests to units, garrisons or armies, and to fulfill the equirements for religious service of all cults existing in Romania. The activity of military priests seems to be in benefit for all creeds both in times of peace and particularly in crisis situations. In spite of this, the Inspectorate of Military Clergy was dissolved in 1948. Since 1994, action has been taked to restore the institution of military priests in the Romanian army.

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Contribuția lui Ion Cîmpineanu la lupta pentru unitate și independență

Author(s): Mariana Neguțu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

Ion Câmpineanu was born in 1798 in Bucharest to a family of devoted Romanian patriots and died in 1863. He began his political career in 1833 as a deputy in the Assembly of States.He is the author of two documents of special importance for our history: "The Act of Union and Independence", of 1/13 November 1838 and "The distinguishing act of nomination of the Suvérain of Romanians", Of 5/17 November 1838. The Constitution proposed by him contained virtually all the civil liberties that characterize modern times in Europe, for example: equality with the laws, personal liberty, freedom of speech and The press, the universal vote of the age of 25, the irremovability of magistrates, and so on.

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Studenți români în Franța în a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea. Manuale școlare

Author(s): Ioan Spătan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

The author presents two textbooks that appeared in the second half of the 19th century.These are "Le Nouvel Abécédaire" by Al. I. Odobescu and V.B. Borgovanu and "Universal History or the History of the World", narrated by secondary school teachers, written by N. Iorga, which were commented on to highlight one of the preoccupations of ex-Romanian students in Paris.The importance of this preoccupation reflects the evolution of Romanian teaching and the Franco-Romanian inter- ferences throughout the centuries

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Picturi puțin cunoscute cu subiecte din războiul de independență datorate lui Johann Nepomuk Schonberg

Author(s): Adrian Silvan Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

At the outbreak of the Oriental War of 1877, known in Romania as the War of Independence, many war correspondents and special artists went to the battlefields south of the Danube, in Bulgaria. One of them was the Austrian artist Johann Nepomuk Schônberg who sent his drawings to magazines such as Le Monde Illustré, Ueber Land und Meer and The Illustrated London News. He accompanied his sketches with long letters which the editors used as articles from an eye witness. In his first correspondence he offered a contemptuous image of the Romanian Army. According to his standards, which were those of the Austro-Hungarian Army, the Romania soldier lacked stamina and military behaviour. His sketches rendered a pitiable aspect of the infantryman, poorly dressed and badly drilled by young officers who were much more concerned with not tamlsching their new uniforms. Later, Schônberg changed his opinion of the Romania peasant-tumed-soldier while seeing him fighting. He eventually became a great admirer of the soldier's courage and daring attacks against the Turks and pictured him In due colors.

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Regele Carol I ctitor și protector al patrimoniului cultural

Author(s): Radu Coroamă,Dorina Tomescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

The first years of the Reign of Charles I were characterized, among other things, by the actions to consolidate the reign and to make permanent the constitutional monarchy in Romania. To this end, from his first visit to Jassy, Charles I called the capital of Moldova his second residence. After 1871, when it became clear that the reign had become firm, Charles I settled his summer residence in Sinaia and his relationship with the town of Iassy became only cultural and edilitary

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Fundația universitară Carol I. Cîteva considerații

Author(s): Cornelia Apostol / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

The Carol I University Foundation, founded in 1891 by the will and contribution of King Carol I, played a very important role in the cultural life of Romania, in the formation of several generations of distinguished intellectuals. The cultural institution "The Charles I University Foundation" has developed continuously, becoming one of the largest libraries with a background of books of great importance.The building of the Charles I University Library was raised in stages; Started in 1891-1895 it was finalized in 1914 according to the plans of the French architect Paul Gottereau. The Palace of the University Foundation "Charles I" is one of the most representative architectural monuments of the Capital

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Vlașca 1907. Țăranii au fost instigați la răscoală

Author(s): Damian Ancu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

The article, starting from the study of the primary sources kept in the archives of the Giurgiu department, presents aspects concerning the beginning of the revolt of 1907 in the department of Vlaşca. Mention is made of different methods of instigation and insurrection to peasant revolt.

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Intransigența lui Ion I.C. Brătianu la Conferința Păcii de la Paris

Author(s): Emil Dumitrescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

on I.C. Brătianu - a remarkable personality of our national history has played an extremely important role in the realization of the unity of all the Romanian provinces. As head of the delegation of Romania to the Paris Peace Conference. Ion I.C. Brătianu supported the independence and sovereignty of the country in relation to the other States of the world, without taking into account their economic and military powers

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Regina Maria și războiul de întregire națională

Author(s): Diana Mandache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

During the First World War, Queen Mary displayed a vast and varied activity: correspondence with her cousins, the sovereigns of Great Britain and Rusia, supporting the need for the unification of Romania within its natural boundaries, Organization in Moldova of a network of hospitals "La Reine Marie", collaboration with the British and American Red Cross, publication of books and money obtained from their sale, donated to the Red Cross, correspondence and relations with States Romanian support, constant interviews with European diplomats to support the interests of Romania, etc

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Încoronarea de la Alba-Iulia. Mărturii iconografice din patrimoniul Muzeului Național de Istorie a României

Author(s): Dorina Tomescu,Radu Coroamă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

In 1977, the Naţional Museum of History of the Romanian acquired the heirs of the photographer Nicolae Ionescu about 600 photographs on glass, realized between the two world wars. Among them are 63 photographs which present the most important moments of the coronation of October 15, 1922 of King Ferdinand and Queen Mary as sovereigns of Greater Romania. Even though during the Coronation Feast, other photographers were also present and made reportage (there is even a very short film), some of the images that are the subject of this communication are unpublished . It is sufficient to note, for example, that which presents the moment when King Ferdinand crowns the Queen Maria

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Victor G. Stefănescu - arhitectul catedralei încorănării de la Alba-Iulia

Author(s): Maria Ioniță / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

The present paper draws the attention of interested readers to a remarkable figure of the Romanian culture of the twentieth century, unjustly forgotten, notably by political causes, during the last 50 years of the communist dictatorship: the architect Victor G. Stephănescu .First, the authors present some important dates in the biography of the man who, born on March 14, 1877, as the oldest son of the composer Georges M. Stephănescu, the founder of the Opera in Romania, appropriates the profession architect. He studied specialty in Paris.On his return to the country, after 1901, Victor G. Stephănescu conceived, in Bucharest and throughout the country, works realized in a Neoroumain, authentic way which characterizes almost all his creation.As head architect of the 1906 jubilee exhibition, he is the author of two of the most beautiful buildings in this exhibition - the Royal Pavilion and the Palais des Arts. Among its achievements, alone or in collaboration, we can note the Geological Institute, the Military Circle, the present appearance of the Gare du Nord, the Cotroceni Station - in Bucharest and then the Great Mosque of Constantza, the warehouses of the new port Constantza, the casino and the building of the baths of Mamaia, the Palace of the Queen Mary of Balcic, the Cathedral of the Coronation of Alba-Iulia - in the country.

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România și succesiunea la tronul Greciei din toamna anului 1922

Author(s): Constantin Iordan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

The author proposes to examine a little-known aspect of Romania's involvement in the Balkan affairs after the Greek military disaster in Asia Minor; It is the thorny "dossier" of the succession to the throne of Greece of the son of King Constantine, obliged to abdicate (27 September 1922) as responsible for the national disaster. Crown Prince Georges and his father had been accused by the Allies of being enemies of the Entente during the First World War.The marriage of Georges with the Romanian princess Elisabethe (1921) provoked a more special interest of Romania for the recognition of the succession in autumn of the year 1922.

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Informații inedite referitoare la mișcarea liberală dîmbovițean

Author(s): Radu Alexandru State / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

Trying a presentation of the liberal movement in the department of Dâmboviţa from a different point of view from the preceding ones, the study constitutes a summary of the information kept in the Funds of the Romanian Information Service relating to this problem.As a result of archival research efforts, this book aims to be a source of information and a starting point for future historical controversies.

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Aspecte privind raidurile aeriene aliate efectuate asupra României în al doilea război mondial și tratamentul acordat prizonierilor anglo-americani

Author(s): Șerban Constantinescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

Are presented the main air bombardamente carried out by the Anglo-Americans against Romania during World War II.The strong response from Romanian aviation and antiaircraft artillery units resulted in the abatement of 286 American and 38 British aircraft as well as more than 1,100 airmen were made prisoners. They have benefited from human treatment both from the population and the authorities during their entire captivity in Romania, a fact which has far exceeded their expectations

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Reglementări în domeniul protecției patrimoniului cultural mobil - tradiții legislative și perspective pentru România

Author(s): Anca Lăzărescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

Romania ranks among the first European countries to have created legal regulations in the field of cultural heritage protection.Given this tradition, it is all the more inexplicable that at present there is no modern and adequate regulation for the real and complex protection of cultural heritage in general and movable cultural heritage in particular. There are three stages in the Romanian legislative evolution concerning the protection of the heritage, determined by the historico-political criterion: 1892-1946, 1946-1990, 1990 - Until now

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Modernizarea expunerii permanente - imperativ pentru competivitate. Proiect pentru Muzeul Colecțiilor de Artă

Author(s): Florența Ivaniuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/1999

The need for modernization in all areas is suggested for the museums of Germain Bazin, director of the Louvre Museum, in his suggestive work entitled Les temps des musées.This universal and contemporary tendency was theoretically concretised by the creation of new types of thematic museums (The Museum of Time in Hamburg in 1997, the Documenta - X experiment in Kassel - Allemade) and, on the other hand, By the technical means of presenting the objects (the furniture, the lighting the microclimate etc.)

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