‘Regionality’ as a Key Concept in Historiography of Music with preliminary considerations as regards Salzburg

Author(s): Thomas Hochradner / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This paper seeks to investigate Salzburg’s musical profile in its 20th century reception as an example of dealing with topographic facts in music history writing. In the face of awakening nationalism and the beginnings of a Mozart cult in late 19th century, and its continuation after 1900, musicologist Constantin Schneider tried to deidolize the feature of geniality by presenting two exhibitions on Salzburg’s music history in the 1920s, and to create an overall view on the bases of sources. Soon afterwards, in 1935, when Schneider published his Geschichte der Musik in Salzburg von der ältesten Zeit bis zur Gegenwart, he relied on his former projects. With this study, Schneider established a topographically supported philological approach in musicology that neither his academic teacher, Guido Adler, nor other authors had realized and that would not have come into being without the idea of ‘regionality’ as a key concept in the historiography of music.

‘Unwanted But Needed’ In South Africa: Post Pandemic Imaginations On Black Immigrant Entrepreneurs Owning Spaza Shops

Author(s): Sadhana Manik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter is an attempt to imagine the policy environment and socio-economic spaces of what a post pandemic SA could be for immigrant small/micro business entrepreneurs, who are owners of ‘spaza’ shops. I present a focused gaze for this sub set of immigrants (developing the informal economy in SA) who have been experiencing a cornucopia of challenges pre-pandemic and during the pandemic based on their status as immigrant entrepreneurs, the most pronounced of which has been xenophobia which is cocooned within the explicit aim of purging South Africa of immigrants. It is for this reason that I trace the realities of the landscape pre COVID-19 and during the pandemic before offering up three ‘imaginations’ (O’Tuathail, 1996) as possibilities for the future of immigrant spaza shop owners. I draw on existing securitization policies, political utterances and practices, socio-economic events and immigrants’ experiences in post- apartheid South Africa which has created particular ‘auras’ ( Roy, 2005) and anti-immigrant discourses that provide some insights into what a post pandemic future could be.

“How were we supposed to know?” – the problem of embedding education for sustainable development in the learning process

Examples of New Zealand, France and Poland

Author(s): Małgorzata Klein / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There is a broad scientific consensus that climate change has the potential to significantly transform the natural environment. If correct, this will have dire socio-economic consequences. This topic, together with the closely related issues of the rate, scale, direction, and means of achieving economic development, is studied under the rubric of sustainable development (SD). We are now confronted with having to thoroughly transform our lifestyle (Druckman, 2016; Dubois et al., 2019). In view of this fact, it seems shortsighted that primary and secondary education in Poland lacks a compulsory, separate subject dedicated to the causes, consequences, and adaptive measures required in these new circumstances. The country has yet to produce a textbook on the subject. This paper examines and compares SD education in secondary schools in Poland, France and New Zealand. These three countries are analyzed in terms of their efforts to build social awareness of the ongoing and impending environmental and socio-economic transformations through the education system. France and New Zealand have made substantial progress, Poland, however, has fallen far behind in implementing ESD.

“Polish Up Yourself and Be No Drag”; The Joy and Jeopardy of Reading Anglophone Caribbean Literature in Translation

Author(s): Bartosz Wójcik / Language(s): English Issue: Sp. Iss./2018

Caribbean literature is still under-represented in Eastern Europe, an error of exclusion that the present paper ventures to discuss. For decades Polish publishers have been understandably replicating metropolitan canons, zig-zagging between European and American bestsellers. It is only when a Caribbean or Caribbean-British writer gains an international distinction (Walcott, Naipaul) or becomes a worldwide publishing sensation (Zadie Smith, Andrea Levy) that their books are translated. Exceptions to this rule, such as the solitary Polish editions of Caryl Phillips’s A Distant Shore (Muza, 2006), Monique Roffey’s The White Woman on the Green Bicycle (Nasza Księgarnia, 2011) and Kei Miller’s The Last Warner Woman (Świat Książki, 2012), or single Francophone Caribbean novels, are few and far between. Arguably, it seems that this politics of translation and publishing stems from the systemic, colonially foisted peripherality of West Indian literature, side-lined by the cultural production of the UK as well as the USA, which dominates the curricula of English departments in more culturally homogeneous countries such as Poland. However, what constitutes a major problem for the dissemination (and popularity) of Caribbean Creole literature in Polish is exactly what makes West Indian writing so engaging, multi-layered, polyphonous and intertextual – it is the cultural component (for instance, the translation of “Creole folkways”) that is often misread, misconstrued and, as a consequence, mis-rendered. For that reason, using a number of literary sources, the present paper will attempt to showcase a selection of translatological strategies for coping with, to quote Benjamin Zephaniah, “decipher[ing]/de dread chant” into Polish.

“WE HAVE MET THE ENEMY AND HE IS US” - AN ANALYSIS OF NATO STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS: THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ASSISTANCE FORCE (ISAF) IN AFGHANISTAN, 2003-2014.

Author(s): Brett Boudreau / Language(s): English

The 2003-2014 UN-mandated, NATO-led ISAF mission, which featured ground combat for the first time in the Alliance’s history, took a tremendous human and financial toll. By ISAF mission end, well over 1 million NATO troops and civilians had served in theatre along with hundreds of thousands of contractors. Reliable studies conservatively estimate the financial cost to be at least $1 trillion US dollars. Almost 3,500 troops under NATO command from 29 nations paid the ultimate price, and tens of thousands more suffered serious injury. Afghanistan has been a security-related point of discussion and a major part of Western military efforts for almost a fifth of NATO’s existence. By virtually any metric it is the longest, most complex, expensive, challenging and fractious operation in NATO’s history. As a result of the massive NATO and international effort – by any socioeconomic or human development index measure – Afghanistan in 2015 is a considerably better place as a result. That is hardly to say outcomes were optimal, or that NATO helped Afghan government forces decisively defeat the insurgency: they were not, and they did not. A commonly held view is that NATO also ‘lost’ the Afghanistan strategic communication campaign. This report is an effort to deduce what is NATO and ISAF’s score on that point, and if it did not ‘win’ outright then how did Strategic Communications (StratCom) perform? Within the political-military leadership and even within the communications community there are factions of passionate supporters for StratCom and just as many opponents. All seem to agree conceptually of the need for better coordination as long as they are the ‘coordinators’ and not the ‘coordinated’. Throughout ISAF’s duration these factions were often at odds and even as they clashed, the operating and information environment transformed. This should have led to a wholesale re-evaluation of optimal structure, process and capabilities: it did not. Still, as to be expected from the accumulated experience of continuous operations over 11-plus years of the NATO-led ISAF mission, some new capabilities were added that improved how NATO communicated with national domestic audiences including the Media Operations Centre and NATO TV. But the nub of the issues and the old debates – influence versus inform, the public affairs reporting relationship to the commander, measuring effect, how to better synchronise effort – are the same discussions as 5, 10 and even 15 years ago. The current impetus for reform has little to do with lessons learned during ISAF. It does however, have much to do with the Russia/Ukraine crisis. Given the contemporary security environment, the extent to which unsatisfactory campaign outcomes should be attributed to the communication effort is not an inconsequential subject. Today’s information environment bears little resemblance to what it was at the start of the ISAF mission in 2001, in large measure a result of widespread access to reliable Internet, the ubiquity of smart phones, and the global scope and penetration of social media. In the past decade we have transitioned from grasping the implications of the ‘strategic corporal’ to dealing with the operational consequences of the ‘strategic tweet’. Adversaries also became very capable at using new communication tools to their advantage. While it may be unlikely that the Alliance will fight another mission quite like ISAF, many observations can be drawn from ISAF about whether NATO communication-related policy, doctrine, structures and capabilities are fit for purpose in future campaigns. This report offers 12 recommendations where effort and resources might be applied to achieve more favourable outcomes. A North Atlantic Council-approved policy in August 2009 defines NATO StratCom as “the coordinated and appropriate use of NATO communications activities and capabilities ... in support of Alliance policies, operations and activities, and in order to advance NATO’s aims.” Still, the actions and practice during ISAF demonstrate that NATO aspires to achieve more for its strategic communications investment, and that it is increasingly about understanding the desired effect or behavioural change required to shape what to do, say, show and signal to inform, persuade or influence audiences in support of specific objectives. NATO HQs had two strategic communications campaigns to fight during the ISAF operation, the first being for the support of domestic audiences of the 51 troop contributing nations and international audiences. Given the policy hand it was dealt, the manner in which the operation was executed for the better part of a decade, the high operational tempo at NATO and zero nominal growth (thus, downsizing) forced on it by nations, the Alliance communication effort did considerably better than it is given credit for, in particular at NATO HQ in Brussels and Allied Command Operations, and for stretches of time at ISAF. This is a finding that may strike many as counter-intuitive. The second campaign was the operational battle for the contested population and against malign actors including the Taliban. If success is measured against information policy aims: “...create desired effects on the will, understanding and capability of adversaries and potential adversaries” (Information Operations); “to influence perceptions, attitudes and behaviour, affecting the achievement of political and military objectives” (Psychological Operations); and “to inform, persuade, or influence audiences in support of NATO aims and objectives” (StratCom), then the outcomes are decidedly more mixed, if not a failure. A detailed assessment of capability and performance in this report supports the argument that ISAF was a case of a fundamentally flawed political/ command structure that was by its structural nature incapable of devising and directing a unified political-military campaign. The international community brought a sense of hubris to that shattered country which had virtually no licit economy or capacity for effective governance. It set unreasonable objectives, looked for short-term metrics of success, and wholly underresourced the mission for almost 10 years. The strategy often changed, or was confused, or was conflicted. It took few Afghan views into account. No answer could be found to effectively deal with the vexing question of Pakistan where insurgent forces found sanctuary. NATO then proceeded to break or subsume most of the principles of war, foremost being ‘selection and maintenance of the aim’, ‘unity of effort’ and ‘unity of command’. But how fair is that considering Afghanistan was a major international endeavour, that the NATO mission has lasted this long and will continue for the foreseeable future albeit in different form, that support in the country for international forces remains high, and that troop contributing nations have not endured major political recriminations from their populations? Taking a long view, the ISAF communications effort cannot have been a failure. The magnitude of collective effort by NATO nations over that period of time is a considerable expression of Alliance will and stamina. From the political-military centre of gravity perspective of “maintaining the solidarity, cohesion and credibility of the Alliance”, this alone points to a strategic success broadly speaking. This report finds that improved StratCom did not, and does not, temper the effects of bad policy and poor operational execution. In the end, strategic communications outcomes weren’t nearly what they could have been but were considerably better than critics suggest. Where policy and operations were well connected and showed results, StratCom amplified that effect. Where policy and operations were weak, negative outcomes could be mitigated but not overcome. Improving strategic communication effects needs to start with better policy, greater understanding of audiences including motivations, conducting operations following established and successful military principles, and skilled practitioners. In that respect, the weakest link in the Alliance communication effort at strategic, operational and tactical levels was the profound lack of trained, expeditionary communication- and information-related military capability in almost all NATO member nations (excepting the U.S., and perhaps Germany). For NATO to be more effective, nations need to professionalise their approach to communications by abandoning the model of employing ‘willing general service officers eager to learn on the job’ to one that is firmly based on ‘qualified, trained and experienced practitioners in all disciplines at each rank level’. ISAF served as a forcing function for incremental albeit important improvements to NATO communication-related policy, capability and capacity aggregated over more than a decade of continuous operations. However, the transformation of the information environment happened much faster than NATO HQs and member nations were able to evolve their communications-related mindset, structures, capabilities and outputs. The real catalyst for the current effort to make substantive reforms has been Russia’s attack on Ukraine. In this regard the Wales Summit Hybrid Warfare initiatives identified a series of actions that if implemented would be a major upgrade to the Alliance’s ability to compete in the new information environment.

„SZOKI DEMOGRAFICZNE” JAKO DETERMINANTA EWOLUCJI SYTUACJI GEOPOLITYCZNEJ – PRÓBA UJĘCIA TEORETYCZNEGO

Author(s): Roman Szul / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2017

The article is an attempt of analysis of the evolution of the geopolitical situation of the world from the earliest times to modern times through the lens of “demographic shocks”. By demographic shocks inadequacy of the number and dynamics of the population on a given territory in relation to some other phenomena of this territory is understood. These phenomena are capacities of sustenance of the population, needs of the economy, geopolitical status of political organisations (states, empires). As demographic shock also relevant from the political point of view changes in the composition of the population, especially ethnic composition, are considered. In particular the following developments are analysed: 1) impact of insufficiency of sustenance capacities of the population on migrations and conquests, from the ancient times to empires of the last centuries, to recent migration to Europe and America, 2) impact of shortage of labour force on import of labour force starting from the slave trade and ending by bringing of “guest workers” to Western Europe after the Second World War, 3) impact of deficit of population in relation to geopolitical status, based on examples of falls of empires of ancient times (Carthage, Rome) and modern times (Portuguese, Spanish, French, British), 4) impact of the “surplus” of population in relation to the geopolitical status based on examples of rise and expansion of big empires, 5) impact of the change of ethnic composition of the population of an area on the political situation of this area as illustrated by the impact of the increase in the share of Muslin population on the political situation in the Balkans.

„Tam przemówi do mnie dusza Wołynia”? Scenografia polityki na Targach Wołyńskich w Równem w 1934 roku

Author(s): Joanna Stacewicz-Podlipska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The Fifth Volhynian Fair was organised in Równe in 1934, i.e. in conditions of a radicalisation of the prevailing social mood and a decline in support for the large-scale political project realised in Volhynia by voivode Henryk Józewski. The project, known as the Volhynian experiment, assumed the possibility of retaining the specific social structure of Volhynia, within which the Ukrainian-Polish-Jewish genius loci of the region would be protected. This “trial programme” of sorts was to serve as a matrix for the Polish policy towards the national minorities. Its success was decisive for the future of a number of correlated activities, which foresaw within the so-called Promethean programme the exploitation and steering of pro-independence tendencies within the USSR for the sake of waging a struggle against international communism. In 1934, when the vitality and political forces of Józef Piłsudski, the patron and protector of Józewski, conspicuously deteriorated and the Volhynian experiment was becoming increasingly inconvenient for the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists, the voivode faced the threat of losing the mandate of both sides – Polish and Ukrainian. In this situation, the Fifth Volhynian Fair was turned into a representative platform resounding with praise for his policies and proving to be a powerful propaganda volley. Józewski was supported by an “art-decoration commission” composed of Teresa Roszkowska and Aleksander Jędrzejewski, who designed a setting that, according to their concept, accentuated the historical cohesion of the region. Thanks to words, gestures, and images, the Fifth Volhynian Fair was to become a performative structure transforming the socio-political reality of Volhynia according to a lucidly profiled vision of the Eastern Borderlands.

„Tu było skrzyżowanie…”. O widmobraźni przestrzennej w Warszawie

Author(s): Łukasz Bukowiecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

In his groundbreaking book The Image of the City (1960), the American researcher Kevin Lynch, creator of the theory of mental maps, explores the urban dwellers’ mental images and the ways in which these images correspond to the material forms perceived in urban spaces. Bukowiecki argues that in the case of a city such as Warsaw, where the dramatic events of the twentieth century have completely reshaped the urban fabric, we must broaden the scope of our analyses of images of the city to include the social image of objects that are immaterial, imperceptible, or spectral. This approach to reading the city, which has much in common with grounded theory and which has been applied by architecture critics, literary scholars and ethnologists dealing with the space of Warsaw, can be described as an exercise in the haunted spatial imagination.

„Ufajcie demokracji”. Oblicza rumuńskiego buntu

Author(s): Bogumił Luft / Language(s): Polish Issue: 748/2017

„Zaiste, nikt im losu zazdrościć nie może”. Robert Falcon Scott i Apsley Cherry-Garrard o swoich zwierzętach w drodze na biegun południowy

Author(s): Jacek Kurek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article is devoted to the attitudes of Robert Falcon Scott and his expedition companions towards animals on the way to the South Pole – both the animals they brought with them on the ship “Terra Nova” and those they encountered in Antarctica. Scott took 34 dogs and 19 Manchu ponies on this arduous expedition. None of them survived. This aim is to draw attention to the human dimension of the expedition, but it becomes a contribution to the history of relationships between humans and animals in Europe just before the First World War. Analysis of the reports of Robert F. Scott and Apsley Cherry-Garrard (a member of the expedition) allows us to conclude that the explorers felt a great deal of affection for the animals. In the face of their tragic fate, they often reflected on their own guilt and mistakes. The suffering of animals was marked firmly in their minds, and the only kind of justification was their desire to enrich humanity with new knowledge.

„Zielona Rewolucja”: demolowanie i rewitalizacja w kształtowaniu przestrzeni publicznej miast

Author(s): Jarosław Kazimierczak / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 28/2017

The starting point for the considerations presented in this paper is to outline theessence of dysfunctional urban areas as development barriers of various types that may need to bedemolished as a part of evitalization process. Urban dysfunction manifests itself in the state of disintegrationof urban space. In order to verify this thesis, there have been analyzed selected revitalizationprojects, which included demolitions of morphological elements disintegrating urban spaceand where green public space was implemented to (re)integrate the city. Based on the research results,it was found that green areas are an important structure of (re)integrating modern cities. Transportationused lands display the highest susceptibility to this type of radical revitalization projects.

„Българин по професия. Българин по потекло” (Записки върху идентичността)

Author(s): Mina Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The aim of the article is to provide a possible interpretation of identity in one of the contested border regions on the Balkans well known for the competing politics and interests by the two bordering countries – Bulgaria and Serbia, for the past century. This region is known as „Western Outlands” in the social and political life. The communal memory of the Bulgarian minority in Bosilegrad, Serbia, leads the narration through different historical periods and their respective politics to uncover an identity which has become a survival strategy at the intricate periods. This will reveal a complex picture of the multiple identity levels where the individual and social identity are tightly related and are further shaped by the existing number of internal and external „others.“

„Български имена в Слънчевата система“ – обучение по астрономия с прилагане на иновационни методи, емоционално въздействие и ангажираност

Author(s): V. Radeva,Diana Kjurkchieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

The article presents an innovative extracurricular education inastronomy. The topic of the training “The Bulgarian names in the Solar system”is being studied for the first time in the Bulgarian astronomy education. Thecombination of research methods for learning and the strong emotional impact onstudents resulting from the choice of topic results in high motivation in studentsand high effectiveness in the learning process. The students’ personal attitudeand commitment towards the investigated topic contributes to a high extend tothe acquisition of lasting and profound astronomical knowledge. The result of theeducation is the creation of a richly illustrated informative database of regionswith Bulgarian names on objects from the Solar system.

„ВИ СТЕ КРИВИ КАО НАРОД“ – КОСОВО И МЕТОХИЈА, ПРОШЛОСТ, САДАШЊОСТ, БУДУЋНОСТ

Author(s): Čedomir Popov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 122/2006

Review of: "Vi ste krivi kao narod" - Kosovo and Metohija, part, present, future; Proceedings from the International Scientific Conference held in Belgrade 16-18. March 2006; editor: academician Kosta Mihailović, SANU, Belgrade 2007. by: Čedomir Popov

„ЈУГОСЛАВИКА“ - ПРОШЛОСТ И САДАШЊОСТ - ПОЛЕМИКЕ О ИСТОРИЈИ У ДРУГОМ ИЗДАЊУ „ЕНЦИКЛОПЕДИЈЕ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ“ 1981-1989

Author(s): Kosta Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2003

Scientific historiography did not manage to crucially influence the creation of historical conscience as far as the processing of themes on past in the second edition of Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia are concerned. Reality of Yugoslavia was contradictory and full of conflicts of various types in which even historians participated, each in their own way, sometimes even without being aware of it. The governing establishment feared the revealing of the past because it could spoil previous historical picture, especially the one that had nothing to do with the Second World War and state-political organization of SFRY. In addition to this, partisan generation was still very present in the public scene. Thus for them every reexamination of history was the conviction of their gained rights and casting of an unjust shadow on their own past. While Serbian historiography showed a great level of disunity, disharmony and hiding behind the principles of non-interference in political and ideological clashes in Yugoslavia of that time, by which it did support one concept, Croatian Marxist historiography was consistently defending the views of its Establishment, slowly preparing the field for overcoming the rigid national approach. The clashes between Serbia and Croatia in historiography showed two completely different concepts in the interpretation of the common past, two separate currents, as if these were two different histories.

„РАЗОМ НАС БАГАТО, НАС НЕ ПОДОЛАТИ”. GEOPOLITYCZNA RYWALIZACJA POLSKO-ROSYJSKA O UKRAINĘ W OKRESIE POMARAŃCZOWEJ REWOLUCJI I PO JEJ ZAKOŃCZENIU

Author(s): Grzegorz Baziur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 07/2014

In the first part the author described the circumstances of the independence of Ukraine in 1991, the situation in Ukraine socio-political and economic to the autumn of 2004, the problem of separatism on the line: Western Ukraine - Ukraine East. The main part of the article is dedicated to the Orange Revolution: its causes, the conduct and consequences. The author discusses its course in the period 22 November 2004-23 January 2005, noting the protests and Polish diplomacy, the EU and Russia around Ukraine. He discussed the attitude of the government and the opposition, the role of the Polish and the EU in bringing about a repeat of 26 December 2004 the second round of the presidential election won by the candidate of Our Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko. In the last part of the text the author showed the decomposition of the camp “orange”, completed in January 2010, the victory of pro-Russian Party of Regions leader Viktor Yanukovych in the next presidential election. In its effect on Ukraine to favor returned oligarchs and Yanukovych's policy towards Russia was more dependable than in 2005-2010. The consequence of his policy was the crisis of the Ukrainian system, completed “Euromajdan” – the second revolution years of 2013-2014 and the collapse of Yanukovych. Its aftermath was the annexation of Crimea by Russia and support is still provided for pro-Russian separatists in the east of the country – but that requires a separate analysis.

„Скривена незапосленост“ у Републици Србији – обесхрабрени за тражење посла

Author(s): Natalija Mirić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 10/2013

In conditions of difficult economic situation in our country, discouraged persons, the category of inactive population, are gaining in significance. Because the job seekers are convinced that the jobs are not available, not all the discouraged job seekers do meet the definition of unemployment. But they want to work and are able to work when the job is offered, and an unused portion of labor resources can appear in the context of "hidden unemployment".

„Тъз история да се изкове на каменна плоча“ – за фолклорната биография на мястото и дописването ѝ

Author(s): Vladimir Demirev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

A variant of interpretation of the folklore biography of the place Zhelyovi kamani near the village of Orizari in the region of Tvarditsa is submitted with a view to the opinion about the folklore biography of the place as a main topos with centre-organizing functions in the settlement space and an active participant in the construction of the settlement biography. The affair in question is the attitude to this biography, motivated through myths, legends, traditional ritualism in the local knowledge. It is expressed in the active appreciation towards the inherited knowledge and its own interpretation of its aspects even “faking” of the contents through the view of a local resident.

Японците

Author(s): Bratislav Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Bratislav Ivanov's new book is dedicated to the values and traditions of the Japanese culture. Already in the early twentieth century, French scientist Henry Dumolard draws attention to the fact that the Japanese people are guided by their logic and draw conclusions that are often incomprehensible to Europeans. To understand the Japanese people, we need to know the values that form the core of their culture. A key to their understanding is the geographical environment, mythology, religion, and Japan's history.

საერთაშორისო სამეცნიერო ჟურნალი „აღმოსავლეთმცოდნეობის მაცნე“

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Georgia

<p>The journal "Herald of Oriental Studies" was created in 2018 on the basis of the Department of Oriental Studies of the Faculty of Humanities of Batumi&nbsp; Shota Rustaveli State University.&nbsp;</p> <p>The journal publishes scientific articles, reports from international scientific conferences (forums, symposia, etc.), reports and reviews of scientific expeditions. The journal has an international editorial board.</p> <p>Scientific spheres and directions of the journal:&nbsp;</p> <p>History, politics, geography, source study, history-geography, chronology, history of religion, archeology, ethnology, ethnography, linguistics, culture, literary criticism, translation, cultural anthropology.</p> <p>The concept and goals of the journal:</p> <p>Batumi State University named after Shota Rustaveli has extensive experience in studying the problems of oriental studies.</p> <p>In 1990, on the basis of the pedagogical institute, Batumi&nbsp; Shota Rustaveli State University opened a large center of oriental studies.</p> <p>May 29, 2015 by the decision &nbsp;No. 55 of the Academic Council of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, there was created the Department of Oriental Studies at the Faculty of Humanities of Batumi State University, the main task of which is to serve national ideals and support the formation of civic consciousness, in parallel with the training of highly qualified personnel in the field of Oriental studies, therefore, naturally, the department takes an active position in the process of public , educational or state building.</p> <p>"Herald of Oriental Studies" is a collection of works of the Department of Oriental Studies of Batumi&nbsp; Shota Rustaveli State University. It covers the history of the East, politics, archeology, ethnology, source studies, linguistics and literature, as well as other important issues.</p> <p>We think this collection will help a wide range of readers interested in oriental studies.</p>