A közösségi média társadalomföldrajzi alkalmazásának etnikai-földrajzi példája

Author(s): Balázs Tóth,Sándor Papp / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 06/2020

One of the fundamental challenges of socialgeography is to reveal what types of data canbe used to measure a process. Social mediaplatforms are an integral part of society, beingused by large masses as a daily routine without reflection. This type of usage and penetration can make it a tool of socialgeographical examination. In our work we use data from Instagram in research one tehnical features and we present the first steps of the development of an alternativemethod, which allows higher temporal resolution and, instead of data based on self declaration,it makes it possible to use databased on the social practice of users. Furthermore, our paper also contributes to the knowledge on boundaries of using Instagram as a data source in peripherial spaces. To test the new method, we examined the Romanian and Hungarian ethnical compostition in sample settlements located in the border region of Arad and Békés counties. Based on the accesible social media data, we could not approach the official statistical data convincingly; yet, our analysis suggested that by socially and spatially more focused sampling procedures or in spaces where social media use is more intense, the method could produce data reflecting actual processes precisely.

A közúti elérhetőség szerepe a kelet-magyarországi gazdasági teljesítményben és gazdaságfejlesztésben

Author(s): Zoltán Egri,Irén Rita Kőszegi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 06/2020

The authors are trying to answer how road network accessibility shapes economic performance and spatial structure in one of the less successfully transformed regions (Eastern Hungary). The study of accessibility is particularly important in this area, since the geographical location of the region do not provide sufficient spatial energy for catching up.The dissertation presents the spatial economic relations of distance and economic development, and summarizes the results published so far regarding the examined region. Subsequently, the main relationships between economic performance and accessibility at the settlement level are presented.The results highlights in a complex way traditional but spatially differentiated relationships between road accessibility and regional economic performance: “tunnel”effects, correlation and spatial efficiency problems, geographic and socio-economic center-periphery relationships, and the importance of arterial and county roads. Road accessibility relationships make the spatial structure of the Eastern Hungarian economy (key indicators of growth, economic performance and efficiency) very unequal.

A kreatív városok kulturális-turisztikai-pénzügyi potenciáljának kvantitatív összehasonlító elemzése (Debrecen, Győr és Veszprém példáján)

Author(s): Dávid Fekete,Szabolcs Morvay / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2020

The European Capital of Culture (ECOC) programme series aims to present the diversity of European culture, focusing on the cultural values and dimensions of cities. In 2023, Debrecen, Győr and Veszprém, as Hungarian applicants, entered the second round of the selection procedure. Although most attention is focused on the cultural programs of the project year, the project application phase is also exciting, as applicant cities can present their plans, development ideas and potentials in the field of culture. The study compares the creative aspirations and cultural potential of these 3 cities, exploring the cultural visions, strengths and weaknesses of these culturally outstandingly ambitious cities, mainly using quantifiable indicators. The authors developed and applied a survey model having 14 indicators for a quantitative comparative analysis of the cultural, tourism and financial potential of the three cities. Comparing 2 large and 1 medium-sized cities in Hungary, the authors conclude that not only in Central and Eastern Europe, but also in Hungary, stronger efforts are made to have culturally rich and creative cities.

A LO CUBANO: UTOWAROWIENIE TAŃCA I REPREZENTACJE KUBAŃSKOŚCI W KONTEKŚCIE TURYSTYKI KULTUROWEJ

Author(s): Ruxandra Ana / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

The article looks at the intangible cultural heritage and its importance as a resource that creates economic revenue in the context of rapid transformations currently taking place in Cuba, and integrated in a complex network of tourism imaginaries and representations. Given the increased demand for “experiential tourism” (Salazar 2011), dance practices become central not only to institutions in charge of safeguarding and promoting heritage, but also to emerging small businesses as alternative forms of revenue outside the state sector. Dance schools aimed at foreign tourists, and the increased popularity of Cuban dance genres outside Cuba, indicate how parts of the tourist imaginary are adopted and adapted in Cuban narratives about Cubanness, and how bodies become transactional in more than one way. Economic realities and social inequalities that stem from contact with foreigners result in creative approaches for financial gain, perpetuating expectations about Cuban fantasies. The phenomenon is often racially marked, as many of the darker skinned Cubans, with no access to legal jobs in the tourist industry, seem to be capable of exploiting the appearance of ‘authenticity’ in dance spaces commonly associated with blackness. The article is based on the findings of long term fieldwork conducted in Havana in 2015 and 2016 and from March to May 2018 among professional dancers, instructors and dance school owners.

A Look Back and a Glance Forward at the Occasion of the First Anniversary of the Special Public Prosecutor Office: The Urgency of the UBK Related Reforms

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2016

A magyar kistérségek fejlettségi különbségei

Author(s): Albert Faluvégi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2020

Unchanged reproduction of a study published on pages 319–346 of issue 4 in the 40th volume of our journal. The first chapter of the study presents the state of the Hungarian micro-regions at the end of the 1990s, using the following classifications: dynamically developing, developing, converging, stagnating and converging. The second chapter examines the social spatial structure of micro-regions in terms of urbanization, residential population,active earners, unemployed people, educational attainment and income. The third chapter describes the economic spatial structure of micro-regions in terms of entrepreneurial activity,foreign capital and accessibility.

A magyarországi településrendszer strukturális változásának sajátos vonásai

Author(s): György Kőszegfalvi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2020

Unchanged reproduction of a study published on pages 453–475 of issue 5 in the 32nd volume of our journal. The author characterizes the structural change of the Hungarian settlement system by examining industrial and agricultural production, tertiary sector,infrastructure of intellectual life, concentration of population, infrastructure, settlement structure, land use and administrative structure. Following agglomerations (Budapest metropolitan area, the Sajó Valley, and the Balaton-side settlement corridor receiving the most tourists) and agglomerating areas (Győr, Pest area, Zagyva valley, settlement corridor between Szombathely and Kőszeg), the study presents urbanizing corridors and areas, settlement clusters, city pairs, 'urban triplets' and urban regions.

A megújuló forrásból származó villamos energia önellátási és exportlehetőségei a magyarországi településeken

Author(s): Balázs Kulcsár / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2020

The goal of the study is to develop an estimation method with software calculation, based on average exploitage data. With this calculation we will determine what proportion the small-scale household power plants (SSHPP) and a power plant under 0.5 MW capacity contribute to the electricity demand of all Hungarian settlements. These small power plants generate electricity only from local renewable energy sources. Furthermore, this study would like to present the results achieved in the past 10 years since the Electricity Act came into force which allows the installation of small power plants. It would like to show the results obtained in the process of energy sources renewal. Are there any settlements in Hungary which could provide their electricity demand from local renewable energy sources in 100% and could they even overproduce it? If the results prove overproduction this may create an opportunity for energy export to the neighbouring settlements. This study points out that decentralized, local, renewable energy-based power supply systems theoretically may be realised in Hungary. Whit this method, energy policy could be more easily planned, the support system could be revised, the energy mix could be modified and the process of energy renewal may be accelerated. We performed our tests based on energy and settlement geographical viewpoints.

A munkanélküliség és a közfoglalkoztatás területi különbségei, összefüggései Magyarországon

Author(s): Tibor Kóti / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2020

The present study analyses the territorial differences and correlations of unemployment and workfare employment processes that determine the primary and secondary labour market vulnerabilities the most, focusing on disadvantages arising from territorial differences. Using available data, it presents unemployment trends since the turn of the millennium and the impact of workfare employment in the period between 2014 and 2018, highlighting the differentiation resulting from changes over time. Settlement structure patterns that significantly affect unemployment receive special attention from the author. Labour market vulnerability can be well presented with size of settlement and its distance from the central areas. It can be stated that the smaller a settlement or farther from the centre, the higher the unemployment rate. A growing demand for labour raises the question of meeting employer needs, justifying the relevance of the present study. Workfare employment is a potentially labour-emitting tool, a tool that helps the primary labour market integration in a transitive way, therefore the author examines the employment impact of workfare employment from a territorial point of view. The study also analyses the relationship between unemployment and educational attainment in relation to exclusion from the labour market and participation in public work programs.

A munkás-alkalmazotti népesség jövedelmi színvonala az egyes megyékben

Author(s): László Lengyel / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2020

Unchanged reproduction of a study published on pages 53–60 of issue 2 in the twelfth volume of our journal.The study presents the results of the Labour Force Survey of 1959 in Budapest, 42 rural towns and 143 villages, covering a total of 18,577 households, broken down by county: the majority (81.8%) of the total income of working-class households (HUF 26,832 per year per household) came from employment. The combined average annual amount of income from social security and social insurance and the average annual income per household from backyard farms were more than HUF 2000 (7.3% and 6.6%, respectively).The average amount of other incomes was HUF 1404 (4.3%) per year.

A PERSPECTIVE ON CO-OPERATION AND INTEROPERABILITY, MILESTONES FOR IMPROVING SECURITY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

Author(s): Mihail-Lucian MANGIUREA / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2015

The Black Sea region has lately emerged as a region of main concern due to its increased geopolitical importance and the wide range of security issues it confronts with. As a result both regional and international actors have focused their attention in finding suitable solutions to secure the area. Finding solutions is not an easy issue as there is not regional identity and the regionalization process is nascent. Using information present in academic and government literature, this paper concludes that the process of NATO integration, regional cooperation and defense transformation has been the main drivers for Romania’s contribution in improving the security environment in the region. The paper also identifies international cooperation and standardization as tools for increasing the confidence and security in the Black Sea region.

A SHORT HISTORY OF COMPUTER USE AT FACULTY OF PHYSICS – UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST

Author(s): Mircea Victor Rusu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

For physicists computing is a main activity. Starting from devising an experiment to problem solving with computer, from using mathematical tables to other aids to computation, physics has grown its strength by using each step the numerical computation. So, computing for researches as well as education was used and steadily improved by us, starting from first minicomputers to the last generation of computers and algorithms. In this presentation we will follow, in short, the evolution of computing, hard and soft, in physics at our faculty. We selected here the main field of interests that was connected with problems showing: programmed solutions, simulations and modeling, computer application and software during the time. Such a time recollection is interesting and surprises me as how diverse and far such activity was done. Examples will be from computation in tradition physics, to biology, chemistry, astronomy, medicine to data processing and visualization, data management, to create our own educational software and so on. The fields as nonlinear dynamics, complexity, chaos and fractals, as well as fluid dynamics, atomic, molecular or nuclear physics, earth or stellar physics, connected to improvement of the experiments and devices via artificial intelligence are some of our topics which will be exemplified here.

A smart planning szerepe a fenntartható városfejlesztésben

Author(s): Mária Szalmáné Csete,Attila Buzási / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 03/2020

In this paper, we sought to answer the question of whether a smart city concept can contribute to the transition towards sustainability at the city level in the age of digitalization, and if so, how. We propose the use of the developed smart planning method and the development of as corecard-based indicator system that may contribute to the evaluation of the sustainable, climate-conscious and smart nature of local development ideas by guiding local decision makers and other stakeholders. Due to this indicator system, the continuous efficiency improvement of monitoring processes can be realized for the city management and operation,as well as the ex-ante evaluation of market-base durban development projects. A pilot study was conducted at a city of county rank in order to examine the feasibility of the developed indicator system and smart planning method. The described evaluation system may be a useful tool for local governments for identifying the most cost-effective and resource-efficient market solutions considering regional characteristics, to select the most appropriate and optimal solutions according to the development objectives of the municipality fostering the practical implementation of smart and sustainable urban development.

A szomszédos országokban született népesség területi mintázata Magyarországon, 2011, 2017

Author(s): Áron Kincses,Géza Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2020

This study focuses on spatial approaches (rather than spatial analysis) by examining neighbourhood, local similarity as well as spatial locations and patterns. The authors through this methodological paper present how spatial autocorrelation can be used in territorial analysis on Hungarian residents born in neighbouring countries to answer the following questions: To what extent do other uses of space characterize different foreign affiliated resident groups? To what extent do immigrant populations form distinct groups, multi-district regions and arrays by citizenship? What is their spatial pattern? Which places have values similar to or different from those of neighbouring districts? How stable are they in time?The first part of the analysis models general spatial similarities for groups of Hungarian residents born in Austria, Romania, Serbia,Slovakia and Ukraine. The authors have shown that there is a positive trend in autocorrelation,with the formation of district groups where the foreign-affiliated population is grouped by citizenship. The second part used the Luc Anselin's Local Moran I method to quantify and map spatial autocorrelation. With this procedure,the authors were able to graphically isolate differences in the geographical location of populations involved in international migration.

A társadalmi újratermelés magyarországi területi egyenlőtlenségei az 1970-es években

Author(s): Márton Czirfusz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 06/2020

Circumstances and spatial patterns of social reproduction changed significantly during the1970s economic crisis in Hungary. The changes were marked by falling numbers of manufacturing labour in general and upward trends in villages, the strengthening of the second economy and private agricultural production as well as new trends in demographics and housing construction. Based on a political economic approach to social reproduction, the study uses settlement statistics to examine the components of social reproduction in Hungary in the 1970s, which are distinguished by principal component analysis. The model with four principal components distinguished between manufacturing labour, the second economy as well as two principal components of long-term (intergenerational) social reproduction. Principal components showed highly differentiated spatial patterns, implying different mechanisms of spatial organization. The research confirmed several findings of previous regional research on the crisis in Hungary in the 1970s. Contradictory trends were revealed regarding long-term social reproduction: settlements and regions with both better and ‘backward’ positions were showing similarly high factor scores. This fact necessitates further scrutiny and a modification of the concept of social reproduction for the Hungarian state socialist context. Moreover, the analysis revealed significant differences in household-level and settlement-level mechanisms of social reproduction.

A társadalmi vállalkozások munkaerőpiaci szerepe

Author(s): Eszter Siposné Nándori / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2020

The paper examines the labour market role of the Hungarian social enterprises based on a questionnaire about Hungarian social enterprises.The founders of social enterprises often aim to improve the employment of those suffering from disadvantages in the labor market. The paper analyses to what extent the examined social enterprises provide opportunities for such atypical employment forms as part-time employment or public employment. It examines whether there are any significant differences among the Hungarian regions based on these employment forms. It also addresses the question whether the concentration of the social enterprises founded to improve employment is significant in the areas with the highest unemployment.

A területi jövedelemegyenlőtlenségek változása Békés megyében, 1988–2017

Author(s): Zoltán Egri / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2020

The dissertation aims to point out the territorial and spatial correlations of the income inequality of one of Hungary's peripheral counties (Békés), which is peripheral in socio-economic terms, too. The aims of the research include the examination of income inequalities by settlement structure (by population size), the drawing up of a longterm inequality pathway, the analysis of the income mobility and spatial similarity of settlements, and the temporal change of the income position of settlements. In the first part of the study, the author points out the historical context of peripheralization, highlighting the main effects of the Treaty of Trianon and the socialist economic policy. Analysis methods include one-dimensional territorial inequality indices (such as weighted relative standard deviation), exploratory spatial data analysis (spatial autocorrelation and regressions), and the Markov-chain method. According to the results, today Békés county still does not reach the relative income position of 1988, as do half of the settlement categories. The long-run inequality path is clearly related to the Williamson hypothesis and Richardson's polarization reversal hypothesis. It is important to emphasize that income convergence is due not only to the differentiated catching up of the settlement network, but also to the downward levelling of the major county centres (Békéscsaba, Gyula). Small centres with a population of 5,000-9,999 appear as a special territorial feature of catching up, with an average income position above that of major district centres. According to the Markov-chain model, the income mobility of the settlements was high during the examined period, and in some sub-periods very intensive processes were observed. Between 1988 and 2017 there was a marked spatial polarization (based on neighbourhood relations) in Békés county, which is significantly related to the regional income inequality. These characteristics do not always move together, two different patterns are observed during the period under study. Models explaining the temporal differentiation of the income situation of settlements point to the role of traditional territorial income inequality factors (for example, settlement size, centre-periphery relations, path dependence, etc.), but many historical features also appear as background factors.

A turizmusbiztonság társadalmi és gazdasági összefüggéseinek statisztikai vizsgálata

Author(s): Szabolcs Mátyás,József Németh,György Ritecz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2020

The study examines a less researched area of tourism in Hungary, tourism safety. The authors shed light on the social and economic contexts that influence the volume of tourism and have an impact on tourism security. In the following, the study examines the quantitative and qualitative changes that characterized criminals and victims between 2009 and 2018, focusing on foreign tourists arriving in Hungary. In the case of victims, the authors mainly seek answers to the question of how the increase in the number of foreign tourists has affected the change in the number of foreign victims.

A UKRAINIAN SCHOLAR IN POLAND: NOTES IN THE MARGINS

Author(s): Iuliia Buyskykh / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

The epigraph is not random; it reflects the current intention to write a text, which would be partially a scientific interpretation based on my fieldnotes, and partially my reflections and subjective impressions obtained from fieldwork in Poland. Reflexivity as a method of anthropology inspired me to write this report. I consider my whole stay in Poland as fieldwork which I conducted using participant observation. Therefore, I rely on James Clifford’s approach to the field as habitus, the aggregate of embodied trends and practices, not just a physical place, as well as interpretation of field research as embodied spatial practice (Clifford 1997).

A UNIFIED MODEL FOR THE GOVERNING DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER ZONES

Author(s): Christopher Barber Troskosky,Jonathan Mark White,Lukas Gaižauskas / Language(s): English / Issue: 45/2019

We present a unified model for the movement of agricultural frontiers based on the construction of the parallax shift and its relation to normalizable science. The model is based on data from the Baltic Basin, where for thousands of years, complex and semi-complex hunter/gatherer/fishers and agriculturalists remained in an equilibrium state. When agriculturalization occurred, it occurred in a punctuated equilibrium manner, which defies current models of agricultural frontier movement, and by extension, current understandings of the underlying dynamics of social change. This new model is a modification of Structuration (Giddens 1984), with the emerging field of selforganized criticality within Physics (Bak et. al 1988; Brunk 2002b). These modifications require two additional governing dynamics not included in Giddens’s original formulation. When joined to an agricultural frontiers model with selective information permeability, these governing dynamics allow for societies to undergo punctuated equilibrium change under stress affect conditions. This results in critical behavior without the need for chaotic state change (Bak et. al 1988). This results in the creation of new material culture assemblages, reflecting new societal structures which are in equilibrium with the social and environmental landscape. The model is scale independent in both space and time, presenting some interesting conclusions.