A jövedelmi depriváció és a depresszió összefüggéseinek térökonometriai vizsgálata Skóciában, térbeli hiba-autokorrelációs és kombinált modellel

Author(s): Hanga Lilla Bilicz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2022

Literature on mental health often refers to poverty and deprivation as main sources of different types of mental health problems. In this paper I examine the relationship between depression, a common mental health problem and income deprivation, as well as further control variables while assuming the existence of underlying neighboring effects that shape the depression levels in certain regions of Scotland. Based on the spatial models created within the scope of this paper we can conclude that growing income deprivation within a region causes the level of depression to rise, too. Moreover, the said growth triggers a multiplier effect as well since the depression levels of neighboring regions grow accordingly. The paper concludes that resource allocation strategies should take these effects into consideration, too, when targeting certain regions in order to enhance the efficiency of regional support policies.

A Kárpát-medencei külhoni magyarság főbb helyi önkormányzati és településszerkezeti jellemzői

Author(s): Márton Péti,Szabolcs Nagy,Balázs Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2020

The present study comparatively examines, with a novel, database-building, Carpathian basin-wide approach, how local population, local government, settlement structure and urban-rural distribution characteristics change in Hungarian-majority areas outside Hungary. Latest statistics from eight countries were used to this comprehensive Carpathian basin-wide analysis of settlement data. Our data comparison shows that the Hungarian-majority settlement areas in the neighbouring countries are very strongly rural compared to the ‘mother country’.

A klímaváltozás megítélésének dimenziói Európában: mintázatok és összefüggés a társadalmi bizalommal

Author(s): Ákos Bodor,Zoltán Grünhut / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2021

Trust (and distrust) research is an interdisciplinary area. The importance of the topic is given by the fact that trust plays a crucial role in collective thinking and collective action as well as in forms of cooperation. One of the clearly positive effects of trust is that it moderates the lackof interest in collective goals. Coping with climate change in particular is an issue that requires social commitment and joint efforts for problems solving. Conclusion of this paper, based on cross-national comparative analyses, is that commitment to pro-climate behavior is more relevant in countries characterized by higher mean levels of generalized trust among their citizens.

A klímaváltozással kapcsolatos fogalmi hálók feltárása a kiválasztott Hajdú-Bihar megyei településcsoportokban

Author(s): Emőke Kiss,István Fazekas,Dániel Balla / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 05/2021

The study applies a word association analysis in two groups of municipalities (3-3 selected municipalities) in Eastern Hungary (Hajdú-Bihar County), in municipalities with a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) and in municipalities without one. In addition to these municipalities, the authors also included Debrecen, a county seat with a SECAP, in their 2020 survey. Their aim was to explore the conceptual networks related to climate change among the adult population and the strength of the relationship between the call term and the associated concepts in the total sample, in these two groups of municipalities and in Debrecen. Associations with common meanings were categorised. Their results showed that the relative frequencies of climate change related conceptual networks and categories are similar in both groups of settlements, while Debrecen differs in several respects. From an analysis of the categories by sociodemographic group, the study found that responses to climate change are primarily determined by the highest level of education.

A környezettudatos magatartás településföldrajzi szempontú vizsgálata a Baranya megyei ökoiskolák végzős diákjai körében, 2020

Author(s): Bernadett Bús,Róbert Tésits,Levente Alpek / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2021

This study presents environmental attitudes among primary school students graduating in Baranya County eco-schools in 2020, highlighting sub-areas and correlations based on a questionnaire survey conducted among students. The authors highlight how the immediate environment impacts the development of environmentally conscious behaviour and what role the settlement type plays. This research was conducted using the children’s environmental attitudes andknowledge scale. In addition to questions examining behavioural as well as emotional attitudes, factors that may influence environmentally conscious behaviour were included in the analysis. Slightly above average environmental attitudes were measured among the students interviewed. Emotional attitudes achieved the highest score and they are the greatest motivating force, followed by behavioural attitudes. Immediate environmental attitudes were the lowest scored area, most in need of improvement, but having ample opportunities. The authors also point out that type of settlement influences how environmentally conscious behaviour develops, as the environmental attitude score of urban students participating in the study is higher than that of their peers livingin villages.

A közlekedési hálózatok és a komplex területi fejlettség időbeli összehasonlító vizsgálata a történelmi Magyarország példáján

Author(s): István Papp,János Pénzes,Gábor Demeter / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2021

The dynamic growth of spatial databasesand IT analytical capabilities has expandedthe scope for historical comparative studies. However, a number of problems have hampered the implementation of these analyses, mainly due to the altering methodology of statistical measurements, the changing content and uncertain explanatory power of socio-economic factors, and not least the repeatedly redrawn spatial frameworks. In the case of historical Hungary, the coherent data structure became fragmented as a result of the Treaty of Trianon, which also made it difficult to create a database for the current time section. The comparative analysis of linear infrastructure elements over time, inparticular railways, poses fewer dilemmas, while the expression of complex development is a much more complicated problem. The study used calculations based on a common methodology, but essentially different in terms of the variables used in the two time sections in order to compare the change in the situation between 1910 and 2010 for the territory of historical Hungary (covering 8 countries in total). The authors have used geographic information tools to project municipal level data on a10*10 km grid, since the problems mentioned above made direct comparison impossible. Their experience shows that the grid network is suitable for comparing the spatial structure of development over time.

A közösségi média társadalomföldrajzi alkalmazásának etnikai-földrajzi példája

Author(s): Balázs Tóth,Sándor Papp / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2020

One of the fundamental challenges of socialgeography is to reveal what types of data canbe used to measure a process. Social mediaplatforms are an integral part of society, beingused by large masses as a daily routine without reflection. This type of usage and penetration can make it a tool of socialgeographical examination. In our work we use data from Instagram in research one tehnical features and we present the first steps of the development of an alternativemethod, which allows higher temporal resolution and, instead of data based on self declaration,it makes it possible to use databased on the social practice of users. Furthermore, our paper also contributes to the knowledge on boundaries of using Instagram as a data source in peripherial spaces. To test the new method, we examined the Romanian and Hungarian ethnical compostition in sample settlements located in the border region of Arad and Békés counties. Based on the accesible social media data, we could not approach the official statistical data convincingly; yet, our analysis suggested that by socially and spatially more focused sampling procedures or in spaces where social media use is more intense, the method could produce data reflecting actual processes precisely.

A közúti elérhetőség szerepe a kelet-magyarországi gazdasági teljesítményben és gazdaságfejlesztésben

Author(s): Zoltán Egri,Irén Rita Kőszegi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2020

The authors are trying to answer how road network accessibility shapes economic performance and spatial structure in one of the less successfully transformed regions (Eastern Hungary). The study of accessibility is particularly important in this area, since the geographical location of the region do not provide sufficient spatial energy for catching up.The dissertation presents the spatial economic relations of distance and economic development, and summarizes the results published so far regarding the examined region. Subsequently, the main relationships between economic performance and accessibility at the settlement level are presented.The results highlights in a complex way traditional but spatially differentiated relationships between road accessibility and regional economic performance: “tunnel”effects, correlation and spatial efficiency problems, geographic and socio-economic center-periphery relationships, and the importance of arterial and county roads. Road accessibility relationships make the spatial structure of the Eastern Hungarian economy (key indicators of growth, economic performance and efficiency) very unequal.

A kreatív városok kulturális-turisztikai-pénzügyi potenciáljának kvantitatív összehasonlító elemzése (Debrecen, Győr és Veszprém példáján)

Author(s): Dávid Fekete,Szabolcs Morvay / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 05/2020

The European Capital of Culture (ECOC) programme series aims to present the diversity of European culture, focusing on the cultural values and dimensions of cities. In 2023, Debrecen, Győr and Veszprém, as Hungarian applicants, entered the second round of the selection procedure. Although most attention is focused on the cultural programs of the project year, the project application phase is also exciting, as applicant cities can present their plans, development ideas and potentials in the field of culture. The study compares the creative aspirations and cultural potential of these 3 cities, exploring the cultural visions, strengths and weaknesses of these culturally outstandingly ambitious cities, mainly using quantifiable indicators. The authors developed and applied a survey model having 14 indicators for a quantitative comparative analysis of the cultural, tourism and financial potential of the three cities. Comparing 2 large and 1 medium-sized cities in Hungary, the authors conclude that not only in Central and Eastern Europe, but also in Hungary, stronger efforts are made to have culturally rich and creative cities.

A kulturális és kreatív ipar társas vállalkozásainak teljesítménye a magyar nagyvárosokban, 2008–2018

Author(s): Petra Kinga Kézai,János Rechnitzer / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2022

The creative economy is increasingly becoming more and more important within national economies. The present study aims to examine the performance of partnerships belonging to the creative industrial branches in Hungary between 2008 and 2018. There search questions: What economical potential does creative economy represent in Hungary and in certain large cities? What tendencies do show its temporal changes? What are the professional branches in cities that defy creative economy, and how has their performance changed in the period examined in this study? This analysis deals with partnerships in creative economy present in Budapest, and the 8 cities of Hungary with a population larger than 100 thousand. The statistical analysis is based on the database of Dun&Bradstreet Hungary Kft. The data of companies operating on the last day of the given year were collected based on the valid Unified Sectoral Classification System (TEÁOR) codes and according to the indicated registered office, thus guaranteeing the full national coverage. In the case of headcount data, only reports for the entire calendar year were included in the study based on the statistical headcount for the given year. Research has shown that in the 11-year scope of the study, there were no significant territorial changes in creative economy, Budapest still dominates the landscape, the other 8 cities play minor roles with 11–12 percent according to all organisations. The cities have all had their own development paths in the period studied.

A kulturális sokszínűség hatása a bizalomra Västra Götaland svédországi megyében, 2014 és 2018 között

Author(s): Dávid Sümeghy,Ádám Németh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2022

This study investigated the impact of ethnocultural diversity on changes in social cohesion in Västra Götaland County, Sweden, where the number of immigrants increased rapidly between 2014 and 2018. To investigate diversity, the authors used adiversity index weighted by cultural parameters in addition to the proportion of immigrants and the classical fragmentation index, while social cohesion was analysed using generalised and localised trust, respectively, with questionnaire surveys. The multilevel modelling used in the research has shown the role of individual variables and the impact of the diversity of the municipalities and city districts studied. The generalised trust was not affected by diversity in the multilevel models and correlation results, regardless of the measurement method (minority proportion, unweighted and weighted fragmentation index), but the individual variables provided a good indication of the level of trust of the individual. However,localised trust is already negatively affected by ethnic diversity, as residents in ethnically mixed municipalities or districts have lower localised trust, which confirms the constrict theory, that living in ethnically mixed areas leads to lower trust in general. There is no difference in model fit between the use of diversity indices and immigrant shares.

A latin u-tövű semlegesneműek végződése nominativus-accusativusban

Author(s): Levente László / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1(2)/2001

A LO CUBANO: UTOWAROWIENIE TAŃCA I REPREZENTACJE KUBAŃSKOŚCI W KONTEKŚCIE TURYSTYKI KULTUROWEJ

Author(s): Ruxandra Ana / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The article looks at the intangible cultural heritage and its importance as a resource that creates economic revenue in the context of rapid transformations currently taking place in Cuba, and integrated in a complex network of tourism imaginaries and representations. Given the increased demand for “experiential tourism” (Salazar 2011), dance practices become central not only to institutions in charge of safeguarding and promoting heritage, but also to emerging small businesses as alternative forms of revenue outside the state sector. Dance schools aimed at foreign tourists, and the increased popularity of Cuban dance genres outside Cuba, indicate how parts of the tourist imaginary are adopted and adapted in Cuban narratives about Cubanness, and how bodies become transactional in more than one way. Economic realities and social inequalities that stem from contact with foreigners result in creative approaches for financial gain, perpetuating expectations about Cuban fantasies. The phenomenon is often racially marked, as many of the darker skinned Cubans, with no access to legal jobs in the tourist industry, seem to be capable of exploiting the appearance of ‘authenticity’ in dance spaces commonly associated with blackness. The article is based on the findings of long term fieldwork conducted in Havana in 2015 and 2016 and from March to May 2018 among professional dancers, instructors and dance school owners.

A Look at a Small Southern Country: Uruguay

Author(s): Adriana Peluffo / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Praca została poświęcona Urugwajowi, niewielkiemu państwu położonemu w Ameryce Łacińskiej, między dwoma dużymi sąsiadami: Argentyną i Brazylią. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane informacje społeczno-ekonomiczne i historyczne. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono sektorowi rolnemu i specjalizacji eksportowej, które są od dawna ważnymi czynnikami wzrostu gospodarczego kraju. W ostatnim czasie podobną rolę zaczęły odgrywać usługi. Druga część artykułu w całości poświęcona jest obecnej sytuacji, związanej z pandemią COVID-19, która rozpoczęła się w marcu 2019 r. W artykule przedstawiono sposoby radzenia sobie z pandemią w dziedzinie zdrowia i ekonomii. Artykuł kończy się pytaniami o prespektywy zakończenia pandemii i dalszego rozwoju gospodarczego kraju.

A look at the city of Fortaleza from the perspective of NBR ISO 37120:2017

Author(s): Francisco DE ASSIS SOUZA ALEXANDRE,Maria Elisa MARCIANO MARTINEZ,Marcello CARVALHO DOS REIS,Patrícia CARVALHO DOS REIS,Auzuir RIPARDO DE ALEXANDRIA / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

This article presents, for the city of Fortaleza, the result of the indicators of five of the seventeen sections of the standard NBR ISO 37120:2017 - “Sustainable Development of Communities - Indicators for urban services and quality of life" which establishes an international standard of key indicators and encourages communities to become more proactive, ensuring that stakeholders develop and implement a management system suited to the needs of each region. This standard, launched in 2014, defines the methodology for a set of 100 indicators, divided into 17 sections, which address social, environmental and economic aspects of cities. The five sections chosen for this work were: education, health, security, shelter and transport, since they are key areas for the development of any city. Fortaleza's results, in each of these sections, are discussed and compared with those of 58 other cities available through the World Council on City Data (WCCD) database. It is, therefore, an unprecedented study, since there is no related work in the literature for the chosen city. As a result, it can be seen that, of the 31 indicators evaluated in this work, Fortaleza was below the average of the cities certified by the WCCD in 19 indicators, above the average in 7 indicators and it was not possible to calculate another 5 indicators. It is also evident that in all the sections studied there are critical points that must be evaluated by the public power for the treatment and consequent improvement of urban services and quality of life of the population of Fortaleza.

A LOOK AT THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE REGULATION SERVICES OF NATURAL WETLANDS

Author(s): Christian Alejandra Vidal Sierra,Ciro Alfonso Serna Mendoza,Coral Jazvel Pacheco Figueroa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Wetland regulatory services provide a variety of benefits to humans. This work aims to highlight the importance of economic valuation of regulatory services in wetlands, based on the main aspects of the ecological functions that they perform and their impact on sustainability, and through the exploration of research and case studies of economic valuation of these services worldwide. The qualitative methods of bibliographic review from documents (reports and fact sheets) published by the Ramsar Convention and bibliometrics in the specialized database Scopus® were used. The main results show that regulatory services are paramount to maintain productivity and sustainability of communities and the economic value of the services of flood regulation; water purification, carbon storage, sequestration and fixation have been most frequently studied. Coastal wetlands are the most thoroughly explored from this approach. Based on the criteria and research strategy used, it was not possible to obtain results that would visualize studies assessing ecosystem services of pollination in wetlands and so generally no studies were found for Latin America.

A Look Back and a Glance Forward at the Occasion of the First Anniversary of the Special Public Prosecutor Office: The Urgency of the UBK Related Reforms

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

A magyar kistérségek fejlettségi különbségei

Author(s): Albert Faluvégi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2020

Unchanged reproduction of a study published on pages 319–346 of issue 4 in the 40th volume of our journal. The first chapter of the study presents the state of the Hungarian micro-regions at the end of the 1990s, using the following classifications: dynamically developing, developing, converging, stagnating and converging. The second chapter examines the social spatial structure of micro-regions in terms of urbanization, residential population,active earners, unemployed people, educational attainment and income. The third chapter describes the economic spatial structure of micro-regions in terms of entrepreneurial activity,foreign capital and accessibility.

A magyar települések innovációs potenciáljának dimenziói

Author(s): Levente Alpek,Dániel Oláh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2021

A tipical issue today is the conditions underwhich regional economic development programmes can achieve their objectives and benefit the local economy by increasing there silience of each region to crisis. In order to answer this question, it is necessary to know the absorptive capacity of the local economy, which can be strong when the innovation potential of a region is high. This is when the socio-economic network of a given settlement or region is able to generate knowledge, innovation and added value from the resources available. The research aims to make innovation potential spatially indexable. By defining innovation, the study establishes the underlying conceptual framework for the analysis, defines its spatial meaning and its conceptual, verbal ITS (innovation,space, stakeholder model) model,and then uses it to measure the phenomenon.The dimensions of the model framework will be mapped to empirically analysable variables, the range of which willbe refined through factor analysis. In their research, the authors distinguish seven dimensions of innovation potential, including accessibility, labour market, social, knowledge creation, networking, enterprise and industry potential. The study validates the theoretical model by showing that the dimensions of the empirically emerging model framework cover the theoretical model's thematic areas of innovation barriers, can be considered as interdependent and reflect the innovation theory schools of the past decades of innovation geography as well as their main concepts.

A magyarországi gasztronómiai fesztiválok földrajzi jellemzői, 2019

Author(s): Bettina Tóth,Sándor Papp,Gábor Hegedűs,Gyula Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2022

Due to the appreciation of gastronomy and the possibility of arising various differen tbenefits from organising festivals, it was popular to arrange food festivals in Hungary before the restriction in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. All of these resulted in a diverse food festival offer from the aspect of the theme, the volume and the focus. Despite the popularity, there was no constantly updated extensive database that would generally have defined Hungarian food festivals and contained their main features. The authors have compiled a collection of Hungarian food festivals that were organised in 2019. With the method elaborated by them, the authors categorised festivals based on the theme, the importance of gastronomy and the target groups. This study searched for correlations between the aspects listed as well as settlement hierarchy and temporality,revealing regional differences that might contribute to a comprehensive description of the Hungarian food festival offer.