A közúti elérhetőség szerepe a kelet-magyarországi gazdasági teljesítményben és gazdaságfejlesztésben

Author(s): Zoltán Egri,Irén Rita Kőszegi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 06/2020

The authors are trying to answer how road network accessibility shapes economic performance and spatial structure in one of the less successfully transformed regions (Eastern Hungary). The study of accessibility is particularly important in this area, since the geographical location of the region do not provide sufficient spatial energy for catching up.The dissertation presents the spatial economic relations of distance and economic development, and summarizes the results published so far regarding the examined region. Subsequently, the main relationships between economic performance and accessibility at the settlement level are presented.The results highlights in a complex way traditional but spatially differentiated relationships between road accessibility and regional economic performance: “tunnel”effects, correlation and spatial efficiency problems, geographic and socio-economic center-periphery relationships, and the importance of arterial and county roads. Road accessibility relationships make the spatial structure of the Eastern Hungarian economy (key indicators of growth, economic performance and efficiency) very unequal.

A latin u-tövű semlegesneműek végződése nominativus-accusativusban

Author(s): Levente László / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1(2)/2001

A LO CUBANO: UTOWAROWIENIE TAŃCA I REPREZENTACJE KUBAŃSKOŚCI W KONTEKŚCIE TURYSTYKI KULTUROWEJ

Author(s): Ruxandra Ana / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

The article looks at the intangible cultural heritage and its importance as a resource that creates economic revenue in the context of rapid transformations currently taking place in Cuba, and integrated in a complex network of tourism imaginaries and representations. Given the increased demand for “experiential tourism” (Salazar 2011), dance practices become central not only to institutions in charge of safeguarding and promoting heritage, but also to emerging small businesses as alternative forms of revenue outside the state sector. Dance schools aimed at foreign tourists, and the increased popularity of Cuban dance genres outside Cuba, indicate how parts of the tourist imaginary are adopted and adapted in Cuban narratives about Cubanness, and how bodies become transactional in more than one way. Economic realities and social inequalities that stem from contact with foreigners result in creative approaches for financial gain, perpetuating expectations about Cuban fantasies. The phenomenon is often racially marked, as many of the darker skinned Cubans, with no access to legal jobs in the tourist industry, seem to be capable of exploiting the appearance of ‘authenticity’ in dance spaces commonly associated with blackness. The article is based on the findings of long term fieldwork conducted in Havana in 2015 and 2016 and from March to May 2018 among professional dancers, instructors and dance school owners.

A Look at a Small Southern Country: Uruguay

Author(s): Adriana Peluffo / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

Praca została poświęcona Urugwajowi, niewielkiemu państwu położonemu w Ameryce Łacińskiej, między dwoma dużymi sąsiadami: Argentyną i Brazylią. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane informacje społeczno-ekonomiczne i historyczne. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono sektorowi rolnemu i specjalizacji eksportowej, które są od dawna ważnymi czynnikami wzrostu gospodarczego kraju. W ostatnim czasie podobną rolę zaczęły odgrywać usługi. Druga część artykułu w całości poświęcona jest obecnej sytuacji, związanej z pandemią COVID-19, która rozpoczęła się w marcu 2019 r. W artykule przedstawiono sposoby radzenia sobie z pandemią w dziedzinie zdrowia i ekonomii. Artykuł kończy się pytaniami o prespektywy zakończenia pandemii i dalszego rozwoju gospodarczego kraju.

A Look Back and a Glance Forward at the Occasion of the First Anniversary of the Special Public Prosecutor Office: The Urgency of the UBK Related Reforms

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

A magyar kistérségek fejlettségi különbségei

Author(s): Albert Faluvégi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2020

Unchanged reproduction of a study published on pages 319–346 of issue 4 in the 40th volume of our journal. The first chapter of the study presents the state of the Hungarian micro-regions at the end of the 1990s, using the following classifications: dynamically developing, developing, converging, stagnating and converging. The second chapter examines the social spatial structure of micro-regions in terms of urbanization, residential population,active earners, unemployed people, educational attainment and income. The third chapter describes the economic spatial structure of micro-regions in terms of entrepreneurial activity,foreign capital and accessibility.

A magyarországi településrendszer strukturális változásának sajátos vonásai

Author(s): György Kőszegfalvi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2020

Unchanged reproduction of a study published on pages 453–475 of issue 5 in the 32nd volume of our journal. The author characterizes the structural change of the Hungarian settlement system by examining industrial and agricultural production, tertiary sector,infrastructure of intellectual life, concentration of population, infrastructure, settlement structure, land use and administrative structure. Following agglomerations (Budapest metropolitan area, the Sajó Valley, and the Balaton-side settlement corridor receiving the most tourists) and agglomerating areas (Győr, Pest area, Zagyva valley, settlement corridor between Szombathely and Kőszeg), the study presents urbanizing corridors and areas, settlement clusters, city pairs, 'urban triplets' and urban regions.

A magyarországi városok telephelyi tényezőinek vállalati megítélése

Author(s): Csilla Filó,Zoltán Koltai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2021

In the 2004–2017 period, the focus of our research, namely the circle of regions determining the growth of the Hungarian economy went through a significant transition. Before 2007 Budapest and its hinterland were the main source of economic dynamism, in the following decade the counties with strong foreign-based manufacturing industry were much more responsible for the growth. In the background of this trend we find, in addition to the nationally improving employment conditions, the favourable processes in the improvement of the work productivity typical in these counties; meanwhile in the central region the opposite tendencies unfolded. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate, using a layered questionnaire survey (breakdown of Hungarian enterprises by region, company size and sectors) the assessment of location factors by Hungarian enterprises and describe the change of evaluations over time. The research we had conducted with companies in 2004–2005 was repeated in 2016–2017. We focused in our questionnaire among others on the following issues, using three closed, three open and one semi-closed, altogether seven questions: what aspects do Hungarian businesses prefer when choosing their business location, which Hungarian cities are considered successful by company leaders and why? In the first part of the paper the responses by the companies are analysed, considering attributes allowing representativeness, this is followed by the ranking of settlements at national and regional scale and by economic sectors. The two separately analysed issues of the research (evaluation of location factors and assessment of the respective towns and cities in the light of the location factors) were comprehensively scrutinised by looking at the reasons behind the favourable assessment of some cities as business locations and the settlements were evaluated in comparison to each other, too. We believe that the findings may be a meaningful contribution to the foundation ofthe complex regional supply of factors insome settlements, which is an urgent task from development policy point of view because Hungarian large and mid-size cities are not integrated into the global urban system as of yet.

A megújuló forrásból származó villamos energia önellátási és exportlehetőségei a magyarországi településeken

Author(s): Balázs Kulcsár / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2020

The goal of the study is to develop an estimation method with software calculation, based on average exploitage data. With this calculation we will determine what proportion the small-scale household power plants (SSHPP) and a power plant under 0.5 MW capacity contribute to the electricity demand of all Hungarian settlements. These small power plants generate electricity only from local renewable energy sources. Furthermore, this study would like to present the results achieved in the past 10 years since the Electricity Act came into force which allows the installation of small power plants. It would like to show the results obtained in the process of energy sources renewal. Are there any settlements in Hungary which could provide their electricity demand from local renewable energy sources in 100% and could they even overproduce it? If the results prove overproduction this may create an opportunity for energy export to the neighbouring settlements. This study points out that decentralized, local, renewable energy-based power supply systems theoretically may be realised in Hungary. Whit this method, energy policy could be more easily planned, the support system could be revised, the energy mix could be modified and the process of energy renewal may be accelerated. We performed our tests based on energy and settlement geographical viewpoints.

A munkanélküliség és a közfoglalkoztatás területi különbségei, összefüggései Magyarországon

Author(s): Tibor Kóti / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2020

The present study analyses the territorial differences and correlations of unemployment and workfare employment processes that determine the primary and secondary labour market vulnerabilities the most, focusing on disadvantages arising from territorial differences. Using available data, it presents unemployment trends since the turn of the millennium and the impact of workfare employment in the period between 2014 and 2018, highlighting the differentiation resulting from changes over time. Settlement structure patterns that significantly affect unemployment receive special attention from the author. Labour market vulnerability can be well presented with size of settlement and its distance from the central areas. It can be stated that the smaller a settlement or farther from the centre, the higher the unemployment rate. A growing demand for labour raises the question of meeting employer needs, justifying the relevance of the present study. Workfare employment is a potentially labour-emitting tool, a tool that helps the primary labour market integration in a transitive way, therefore the author examines the employment impact of workfare employment from a territorial point of view. The study also analyses the relationship between unemployment and educational attainment in relation to exclusion from the labour market and participation in public work programs.

A munkás-alkalmazotti népesség jövedelmi színvonala az egyes megyékben

Author(s): László Lengyel / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2020

Unchanged reproduction of a study published on pages 53–60 of issue 2 in the twelfth volume of our journal.The study presents the results of the Labour Force Survey of 1959 in Budapest, 42 rural towns and 143 villages, covering a total of 18,577 households, broken down by county: the majority (81.8%) of the total income of working-class households (HUF 26,832 per year per household) came from employment. The combined average annual amount of income from social security and social insurance and the average annual income per household from backyard farms were more than HUF 2000 (7.3% and 6.6%, respectively).The average amount of other incomes was HUF 1404 (4.3%) per year.

A new method of classification of named items of 16th–18th century suburbs of Lviv

Author(s): Maryana Dolynska / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2020

Historians insist that names of places (urbanonyms) are historical sources. A new re-search method of historical urbanonymy may be developed by rethinking different methodologies and the ways of classifying urbanonyms by lin-guists and geographers. The new method can be described on the example of the research of urba-nonyms in early modern Lviv. This West Ukrain-ian city had typical features of a town operating under Magdeburg Law. The dual structure of each urbanonym (proper noun + denotatum), as well as the analysis of six criteria for the classifica-tion of urbanonyms, have allowed us to classify the town’s proper names by their denotata, more precisely by using the concept of items instead of proper noun classification. In the conclusions, it is suggested that the items should be arranged into hierarchic groups which should shed a light on all types of early modern urbanonyms (natural, man-made, and demarcated) and reveal the connections between their levels and their typical features.

A Pécsi Tudományegyetem térségi gazdasági hatásainak vizsgálata a GMR-Magyarország modellel

Author(s): Katalin Erdős,Norbert Szabó,Zsófia Veréb Miskolczi,Attila Varga / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2021

Among the many forms of universities’ contribution to regional development, this research focuses on the expenditure effect. It aims to demonstrate the impact of the University of Pécs (UP) on Baranya county which is part of the Southern Transdanubia region, one of the least developed regions of the EU.Based on an input-output model we compute the county level impacts of the university considering gross output, employment and gross value added. The same method is applied to quantify the multipliers. Furthermore, we simulated the potential impact of the increased number of international students by the GMR model – a methodological approach that has not been used so far in expenditure impact assessment. Our results underpin that the expenditures of the students and employees of higher education institutions, in this case, the UP may represent a considerable absolute and relative factor in the regional economy. It is also demonstrated that the increased number of international students as included in the Modern Cities Programme and in the institutional development strategy of the UP can generate a significant economic impact. Beyond the quantified results it is at least as important that the applied methodological approach enables comparative analysis of Hungarian higher education institutions inthe future.

A PERSPECTIVE ON CO-OPERATION AND INTEROPERABILITY, MILESTONES FOR IMPROVING SECURITY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

Author(s): Mihail-Lucian MANGIUREA / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2015

The Black Sea region has lately emerged as a region of main concern due to its increased geopolitical importance and the wide range of security issues it confronts with. As a result both regional and international actors have focused their attention in finding suitable solutions to secure the area. Finding solutions is not an easy issue as there is not regional identity and the regionalization process is nascent. Using information present in academic and government literature, this paper concludes that the process of NATO integration, regional cooperation and defense transformation has been the main drivers for Romania’s contribution in improving the security environment in the region. The paper also identifies international cooperation and standardization as tools for increasing the confidence and security in the Black Sea region.

A Present Stuck in the Past Innovation and Commercialization Activities in the OECD and the CEEC

Author(s): Željka Šporer / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2008

The trajectory of development defined as top-down model in the CEEC and bottom-up model in the OECD left long lasting effects on the institutional collaboration, innovation output and commercialization activities. Using international statistics data for 19 OECD and 13 Central and Eastern Europe countries the analyses reveals the following differences. The bottom up model in the OECD results in a close positive relationship between sub-systems. The high level of inter-connectiveness between institutions positively influences the efficiency of sub-systems. The level of innovation output is higher and is a function of development indicators and of economic openness. The commercialization activity shows that business-industry R&D expenditure stimulates the patents and publication. The top down model in the CEEC is still present and is keeping the sub-systems relatively separate. That results in a less intensive and positive relationship between education and economy and consequently in less efficiency of sub-systems. The level of innovation output is extremely low and indicates low system effectiveness. The government is the dominant source of R&D expenditures which has a negative impact on commercialization, patents and publications.

A propos des unites ethnographiques regionales de la nationalite albanaise dans les XIII-XIVe siecles

Author(s): Mark Tirta / Language(s): French / Issue: 02/1983

La question du temps et des voies de la formation et de l’évolution de la nationalité albanaise a fait l’objet de recherches à partir de domaines différents de la science albanistique. Les historiens ont dit, depuis longtemps, leur mot, en attribuant la formation de cette nationalité au haut moyen âge.

A quantitative study of poplar plantation situation in four Iran provinces

Author(s): Majid Azizi,Mohammad Mehdi Faezipour,Ali Bayatkashkoli / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Poplars, a fast-growing species, enjoy a high significance in Iran’s industry. So far, information on poplar plantation, such as area, volume, and harvest, has been obtained by nonscientific and poor methods. A few studies have been conducted to recognize capability of poplar plantation about area, volume, harvest, distribution, and species in three high efficient provinces, i.e., Eastern/ Azerbaijan, Zanjan, Kermanshah, and Ardabil. A Cluster sampling a standard sampling method for conducting similar researches was selected, consisting of two phases. In the first phase we collected library information and half-open interview from villagers. In the second phase field measurement in the villages of these four provinces was considered. Obtained information from field measurement was erected poplar volume, cultivated poplar area, prevalent species and estimating volume via volume and weight tables. Results obtained from the present study indicate that average annual utilization volume of four provinces was 172628.84 m3, with an average error of 14.19 percent.

A SHORT HISTORY OF COMPUTER USE AT FACULTY OF PHYSICS – UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST

Author(s): Mircea Victor Rusu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

For physicists computing is a main activity. Starting from devising an experiment to problem solving with computer, from using mathematical tables to other aids to computation, physics has grown its strength by using each step the numerical computation. So, computing for researches as well as education was used and steadily improved by us, starting from first minicomputers to the last generation of computers and algorithms. In this presentation we will follow, in short, the evolution of computing, hard and soft, in physics at our faculty. We selected here the main field of interests that was connected with problems showing: programmed solutions, simulations and modeling, computer application and software during the time. Such a time recollection is interesting and surprises me as how diverse and far such activity was done. Examples will be from computation in tradition physics, to biology, chemistry, astronomy, medicine to data processing and visualization, data management, to create our own educational software and so on. The fields as nonlinear dynamics, complexity, chaos and fractals, as well as fluid dynamics, atomic, molecular or nuclear physics, earth or stellar physics, connected to improvement of the experiments and devices via artificial intelligence are some of our topics which will be exemplified here.

A smart planning szerepe a fenntartható városfejlesztésben

Author(s): Mária Szalmáné Csete,Attila Buzási / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 03/2020

In this paper, we sought to answer the question of whether a smart city concept can contribute to the transition towards sustainability at the city level in the age of digitalization, and if so, how. We propose the use of the developed smart planning method and the development of as corecard-based indicator system that may contribute to the evaluation of the sustainable, climate-conscious and smart nature of local development ideas by guiding local decision makers and other stakeholders. Due to this indicator system, the continuous efficiency improvement of monitoring processes can be realized for the city management and operation,as well as the ex-ante evaluation of market-base durban development projects. A pilot study was conducted at a city of county rank in order to examine the feasibility of the developed indicator system and smart planning method. The described evaluation system may be a useful tool for local governments for identifying the most cost-effective and resource-efficient market solutions considering regional characteristics, to select the most appropriate and optimal solutions according to the development objectives of the municipality fostering the practical implementation of smart and sustainable urban development.

A személygépjármű-forgalom növekedésének környezeti hatása egy Győr környéki szuburbán útszakaszon

Author(s): Tamás Hardi,Orsolya Farkas,Katalin Hegyiné Bolla / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2021

Suburbanisation is one of the most significant urban development trends in Europe and even the world today. It affects not only large cities and metropolises, but also smaller urban areas. Among its many environmental impacts, the most notable is the increase intraffic, which not only leads to more congestion and accidents, but also to a significant increase in emissions of pollutants from transport in peri-urban areas. It is true that the scale of suburbanisation in smaller agglomerations is much smaller than in metropolitan areas, but the population moving out of the cities is making greater use of private transport for commuting. Using COPERT (COmputer Programme to calculate Emissions from Road Transport) software developed in collaboration with the European Environment Agency (EEA), the Joint Research Centre (JRC), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and EMISIA SA, the authors estimated how emissions from a road connecting a group of settlements in the Szigetköz region (the Dunaszeg-Győrújfalu section of road 1401) in the vicinity of Győr changed between 1995 and 2018. The sesettlements are among the fastest growing suburban villages in Hungary, and previous empirical studies have shown that the increase in the number of vehicles can be linked to the increase in the number of people moving out of the city. As a result, the composition and nature of traffic-based air pollution near the city is changing rapidly.