Al-Qaeda in the West as a Youth Movement: The Power of a Narrative

Author(s): Olivier Roy / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Why do we bother, in Europe, about ‘Islamic radicalisation’? The answer seems obvious. There are at least two good reasons: one is terrorism, with its security implications; the other is the issue of integrating second-generation migrants in Europe, apparently the most fertile ground for recruiting terrorists. For most observers, the link between terrorism and integration is a given fact. Al-Qaeda-type terrorist activities carried out either in Europe, or by European residents and citizens abroad, are seen as the extreme form, and hence as a logical consequence, of Islam related radicalisation.

Ideological and Theological Foundations of Muslim Radicalism in France

Author(s): Samir Amghar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The forms of radicalism among the Muslim populations in France are multiple and varied. To overplay the religious variable would prevent us from seeing the great plasticity of the phenomena of radicalisation. Political violence can take its source from religious justifications, or religious references can impede radicalisation, or Islam is absent altogether, even though the radicalism is practised by Muslims. Beyond this, it is necessary to recognise that all these different forms of radicalism are the product of experiences of injustice and exclusion, which can be directly linked to realities on the ground or to the political trauma of young persons having known delinquency and homelessness, personal failure, long-term unemployment and so on. Yet, the link between Muslim populations and radicalism cannot be reduced to an economic equation in which poverty is the common denominator. It seems more likely to be the inadequacies of social and political regulation that is a problem, along with the lack of recognition, contempt and “the great wall” – in the words of Khaled Kelkal22 (one of the perpetrators of the terrorist attacks in 1995) – separating the estates where most of France’s Muslims live and the rest of the towns.

Establishing Feeling of Security for the People Who Suffer from Conflict

Author(s): Süleyman Özmen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Life is an illusion that shaped by our perception. This perception can be influenced by different factors and influence our behavior a human being. For example, social media can be used to create the illusion of fear or security in our modern world. Media could lead social developments and also clash similarly as we have seen in the Arap spring. Is security significant for human beings? According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, security lies at the very basic level. Security is essential for human development. In this article, I will discuss the parameters of risk for security and human perception of security. As a conclusion, many people still suffer and can not fulfill their basic needs in regions of the world. We would constantly on associated with one another and answerable for one another. We need to be concerned and take an action to ensure the security of our world for the dignity of human being. Earth is like a human body. The conflict area is something like a cancerous region of the human body. As cancer spreads to the whole body, conflicts do too. The thing that unites us ought further to bolster a chance to be more excellent over what isolates us.

"The Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process Model in the Process of Conflict Management"

Author(s): Nena Nenovska Gjorgjievska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The incitement and the occurrence of the conflicts, their escalation, ceasefire and de-escalation are processes which are continually appearing, lasting and resolving. Consequently, the conflicts usually pull migratory flows. Migration is an issue which nowadays is very present, and it needs to be resolved. The migration usually starts where conflicts arise. Having that in mind, the main concept in the paper is focused on the conflicts and the emergence of the migration flows. It also gives a suggestion how the conflicts can be resolved in the Middle East countries. The purpose of this research is to find out real reasons for appearance of migrations and most rational solutions for their solving. For doing that the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied. A short overview will be given of the main elements of the AHP method and how it is applied in the conflict resolution. AHP method is enforceable and leads to concrete recommendations for further conflict resolution. The results of the research will show that resolving the conflicts may contribute in suppression of the migration and it can also protect countries for further armed conflicts and unwanted migration flows.

Savaş ve Çocuk

Author(s): Dilara Özel / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Küresel Çatışma Takip Cihazı’na (Global Conflict Tracker) göre günümüzde süregelen 26 tane savaş ve çatışma durumu bulunmaktadır. Bu savaş alanlarında bulunan 12 milyon çocuk tıbbi yetersizlik ve yalnız kalma gibi durumları da içeren çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı hayatını kaybetti (Global Conflict Tracker, 2016). Yaklaşık 12 milyon çocuk evinden ayrılmak zorunda kaldı ve bunların bir çoğu kısıtlayıcı mülteci kamplarında hayatlarına devam etti (Plunkett ve Southall, 1998).

Separatyzm – środek rozwiązywania czy zawiązywania się konfliktu na tle etniczno-narodowym?

Author(s): Agnieszka Wojciechowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Internal conflicts in different parts of the world often are the result of separatism. The phenomenon of conflict is increasingly noticeable in the world. Media reports about the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, the case of Kurdish and the Scottish independence referendum. Analyzing comprehensively this situation, you will notice that in almost every country any social group defends own interests by improving their own local autonomy, as well as attempts to separation. The article analyzes the motives and perspectives of separatism.

Hard power i soft power w polityce bezpieczeństwa Izraela

Author(s): Sara Piwowarska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The rise of the state of Israel was landmark for the Middle East but also for the entire international community. Since its inception, the State of Israel experienced successes, but also a failure, it was forced to face wars, internal and external problems. This article says, which factors influenced the formation of the Israel’s security system. Through the analysis of political background up to now with special taking the matter of security into consideration the attempt of answering the question was taken: what is the role of hard power and soft power in the policy of the State of Israel?

Doktryna geopolityczna Węgier

Author(s): Roman Andrzej Stańczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main goal of this article is the presentation of Hungarian geopolitical doctrine. Hungary for almost 45 years belonged to the Eastern Block. When Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 Hungary could change foreign Policy. Budapest quickly established relations with the European Communities. Hungarians wanted in this way to refer to the historical traditions of the presence of his country among developed countries. It was extremely important to overcome the historical legacy in relations with their neighbors. The big challenge was the issue of the Hungarian minority living in scattered abroad. It was necessary to sign agreements with neighboring countries, which required a lot of effort on the part of the Hungarian diplomacy. A new concept of geopolitical doctrine by the first democratic government of Prime Minister Jozsef Antall was a revolutionary change. Today Prime Minister of Hungary – Victor Orban refer to him ideas.

Niegroźna prowokacja czy realne zagrożenie? Konsekwencje wydarzeń wokół meczu piłkarskiego Serbia – Albania z 14 października 2014 r.

Author(s): Bartosz Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Sport is currently a space and a tool used in the context of political rivalry by individual entities in international relations. One recent example of this relationship is interrupted at 14 October 2014 football match between Serbia and Albania. The research purpose of this article is to evaluate possible correlations, resulting from the unrests caused by events during the match. These effects should be considered a the levels of: political and social relationships and issue of security. The final result is a task to confirm or deny the hypothesis which hold that the unrest caused by the game can act as a dangerous, not only destabilizing the relations between Serbia and Albania, but also affect of the security in the Balkan region.

Konflikt naddniestrzański jako przykład separatyzmu na obszarze byłego ZSRR

Author(s): Dawid Pudło / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Separatism in the former USSR is today one of the most serious problems in this area at the end of the Cold War and still poses a threat to global security as well. In this work there will be presented determinants of separatism in Transnistria with emphasis on the problem posed by a quasi-state. The intention of this work is to present the events of the conflict in Transnistria and what is happening today in the area, even though it is a frozen and fueled conflict by Moscow. The creation of a de facto two new political entities, raises the question of whether it is a population of separatism or territories who want to unplug have the right to self-determination. On the other hand, separatism in the former USSR shows a reconstruction of the existing policy of the Moscow government neo-imperialism.

Konflikt indyjsko-pakistański o Kaszmir i jego implikacje dla bezpieczeństwa w Azji

Author(s): Łukasz Robak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Indo-Pakistani conflict creates a big dander for building peace and safety in Asia. The mutual reluctance between these countries, which mainly results from historical factors, is additionally depend by controversial border territory – Kashmir and makes bilateral relationships tensed. On the territory of Kashmir there are same paramilitary groups which make the relationships even worse. This constant tense situation on this area causes the world a lot of worry. The need for extreme caution is connected with the fact that both countries possess nuclear weapon which might be used in wars which break out every, several years. India and Pakistan are situated next to each other so the reaction of the attacked country is just impossible. So, the conflict which seems to be frozen now, may lead to the escalation of large – scale warfare which threatens the world’s security.

Wojna gruzińsko-rosyjska jako przykład tendencji imperialistycznych Federacji Rosyjskiej wobec obszaru postradzieckiego

Author(s): Agnieszka Miarka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article aims to present the various aspects of the Russian-Georgian war. In the first part was presented the historical background necessary to identify the internal situation of Georgia and separatism in the area. Then, the determinants of war were taken into consideration. The author’s intention was to present the widest possible context factors that contributed to the commencement of hostilities. The section also presents the course of the war. The article concludes with an attempt to determine the implications of the war.

The Unknown Aspect of Israeli-Jordanian Relations from 1948 to 1967

Author(s): Dorit Gottesfeld,Ronen Yitzhak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Turkey’s War in Syria: Prevention or Expansion

Author(s): Arzu Yılmaz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The international community have mostly perceived Turkish military interventions in north of Syria as the “legitimate right [of Turkey] to protect its borders”, since the Syrian crisis that later deteriorated into a proxy war has revealed a dramatic decline in Middle Eastern states’ capacities to politically and militarily control their territorial peripheries.

The impact of Turkey’s 2019 invasion on North and East Syria

Author(s): Thomas McClure,Nina Steinhardt / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Throughout the Turkish invasion of North and East Syria, the Rojava Information Center (RIC) collected information from a network of sources across the region as well as RIC field teams, documenting the impact of the invasion on civilian populations and infrastructure. The RIC has found that the Turkish Armed Forces and its proxy militias are responsible for widespread attacks on non-combatants, systematic looting and destruction of private property and public infrastructure, and mass displacement of civilians. The RIC documented a clear trend of Turkish forces targeting health workers, vehicles and infrastructure, as well as destruction of water and electricity facilities, bakeries, roads, grain storage facilities, and so on. A number of high-profile human rights violations, such as the field execution of female Syrian politician Hevrin Khalef and the strike on a civilian convoy which left thirteen civilians dead, take place against a background of a systematic attempt to make life unliveable for civilians in the zones Turkey aims to occupy. The forcible displacement of the civilian population in general and the Kurdish, Yazidi, and Christian populations in particular, to facilitate the installation of Turkmen and Arab militiamen and their families,ought to be seen as a process of demographic engineering for which the Turkish government is ultimately responsible.

The UN and the Turkish Invasion in Syria

Author(s): Christoph Osztovics / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

On 9 October 2019, Turkey’s military launched operation ‘Peace Spring’in an area between Tall Abyad and Ra’s al-Ayn in the Syrian Arab Republic.Over 200,000 civilians fled their homes amid the initial hostilities, reportedly123,000 had returned by November (UN Security Council 2019).1 Syrian Islamist militias aided the Turkish military forces. The so-called ‘anti-terror campaign’ declared a goal of creating a 30 kilometre-deep ‘safe zone’ on the Syrian side of the border. The Turkish government has long wanted to establish such a zone to prevent the creation of a Kurdish political entity.

Gândirea militară românească în raport cu gândirea clausewitziană

Author(s): Adrian Lesenciuc / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In this chapter, the author draws a comparison between the Romanian military thinking and the Clausewitzian thinking. First, he addresses the Clausewitzian heritage in terms of its reinterpretation according to Engels. Then, he writes about Neoclausewitzian and Postclausewitzianian positioning and the continuous warfare

Biyopolitika, güvenlik ve Frontex'in Türkiye-Yunanistan sınırındaki rolü

Author(s): Burcu Toğral Koca / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Son yıllarda, göç olgusunu şekillendiren söylem ve pratiklerde önemli değişimlermeydana gelmiştir. Daha önce masum bir ekonomik eylem olarak görülen, İkinciDünya Savaşı sonrasında Avrupa’nın ekonomisini yeniden yapılandırmak vecanlandırmak gibi bir görevle kutsanan ve bu nedenlerle liberal politikalarla,ekonomik ve insani söylemlerle teşvik edilen göç, Avrupa toplumuna bir tehditolarak algılanmaya ve yönetilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu algı, göçü, suç, sosyo-ekonomikproblemler, “kültürel çöküş” ve son olarak terör gibi sorunlarla ilişkilendirerek inşaedilmiştir. Bu dönüşüm esasen 1970’lerin ortalarında başlamış, Soğuk Savaşsonrasında güvenlik kavramının yeniden tanımlanmasıyla hız kazanmıştır. İç ve dışgüvenlik arasında sert bir ayrım çizen, ulusal güvenlik kavramını ön plana çıkartan,devlet-merkezci ve askeri tehdit odaklı tanımlamalara indirgenmiş Soğuk Savaşdöneminin geleneksel güvenlik anlayışının yerine, insan-odaklı, çevre, yoksulluk venüfus hareketleri gibi birçok konuyu içine alan “yeni” güvenlik yaklaşımları ortayaçıkmıştır. Güvenlik gündeminin bu şekilde genişlemesinin/derinleşmesinin veaskeri olmayan konular için güvenlik dilinin kullanılmasının göç konusu veçalışmaları üzerinde de önemli etkileri olmuştur. Bu etkilerden en önemlileri, göçüngüvenlikleştirilmesinin siyasi söylem ve pratiklerde yer edinmesi ve bu konudaönemli akademik çalışmaların ortaya konmasıdır1.Bu çalışmaların farklı analitik vemetodolojik çıkış noktaları ve yaklaşımları olsa da, ortak noktaları göç olgusunungüvenlik tehdidine dönüşme sürecini ve değişen göç yönetimini anlamaya veaçıklamaya çalışmasıdır.

Syrian Crisis and Migration

Author(s): Pinar Yazgan,Deniz Eroğlu Utku,Ibrahim Sirkeci / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this issue, we aimed to shed some light on the Syrian refugee crisis which seems to shake European common policy on migration and asylum. However, it seems focus is still on raising walls, strengthening borders, and futile categorisations of movers as ‘refugees’ and ‘economic migrants’. As well put in a recent interview,“ managing international migration is not a matter of controlling borders; it is a question of transnational peace” (Bardakci, 2015). People will continue fleeing the environments where they feel insecure and Europe will continue to face large influxes from neighbouring countries in trouble.

Lica aktivizma

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

UARK-ovoj kronologiji nedostaju imena mnogih osoba koje su inicirale, vodile ili radile na projektima i u organizacijama koje su spomenute. Budući da je aktivistički rad uvijek i borba protiv defetističkog sindroma i pasivnosti, pojedinci i pojedinke su izuzetno bitni. Ni jedan program, aktivnost ili organizacija nisu mogli nastati bez inicijative i upornog rada pojedinaca, aktivista/aktivistica koji se ponekad u literaturi zovu i socijalnim poduzetnicima. Nositelji ratnih kao i proturatnih incijativa su živi ljudi i zbog toga je imenovanje sudionika/ sudionica ključno za potvrđivanje vrijednosti civilnog angažmana i protivljenje zlu. I dobro, baš kao i zlo, ne događa se neovisno o nama, već ga uvijek ponovo proizvode pojedinci/pojedinke. Imenovanje osoba koje su sudjelovale u antiratnim aktivnostima ‘90-tih čini nam se utoliko važnijim što je po našem iskustvu samo mali broj ljudi u tim teškim vremenima imao hrabrosti, ludosti ili oboje, zalagati se za ‘nepopularne’ teme.