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4.50 €

RAT KAO UNUTRAŠNJI DOŽIVLJAJ

Author(s): Ernst Jünger / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Kada sam pošao u rat radovao sam se, verovatno kao i svaki mladi čovek tih dana, onome što je nejasno stajalo pred nama. Slutili smo da će se taj doživljaj duboko i snažno odraziti na naš razvoj i u njemu smo videli kratku, veliku školu iz koje ćemo se vratiti ili kao ljudi, ili se uopšte nećemo vratiti. Mi smo naraštaj kome smo pripadali smatrali starim, i činilo nam se kao čudesan san da možemo sa oružjem u ruci, sa svim što smo mi doprineli, da ratujemo za slavu zemlje. Osećali smo da smo dorasli odgovornosti koja se iznenada svalila na nas, da je istorija u nama oživela i učinila nas delom plodne i jedinstvene snage. Reč otadžbina promenila nas je iz osnova i kao nekakva čarobna formula ona je bila rešenje nesloga i razdora koje je svakog zadovoljavalo. Za oružje sposobna omladina našla se u punom broju u pukovima; ona je delom pokazala da je dorasla zadatku koji je vreme pred nju postavilo i da zemlja na nju može da se osloni.

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EROS, TANATOS, PLATON I RAT

Author(s): Emanuele Severino / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Platon u Državi govori o ratu kao o »temeljnoj veštini«, što znači da je rat posebna forma rada, moguća samo u okvirima organizovane »podele rada«, koja, opet, predstavlja vrhovnu veštinu pólisa. Rat je, dakle, »demijurg«. Upravo delo demijurga dovodi do krajnje granice destruktivno obeležje demijurškog - kao što kasnije kapitalizam do krajnje granice dovodi obeležje konstruktivnosti.

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RAT I SVETO

Author(s): Roger Caillois / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Kao saučesnik mitova, neka uzavrela snaga periodično iz osnova pokreće primitivna društva: ta snaga je praznik. To je pojava čije trajanje, snaga i širina samo iz daleka liče na dane sračunatih prolaznih zadovoljstava koje poznaju složenije civilizacije. Neopravdano pomislimo na odmor koji nam se nbrzo otkriva, ne kao ekvivalent, već kao suprotnost antičkih svetkovina.

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MAT(E)RICA RATA: MAJKE I HEROJI

Author(s): Nancy Huston / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Dok sam poslednjih nekoliko godina istraživala, pokušavajući da spojim delove onog što bi se moglo nazvati »fragmenti ratničkog diskursa« u Zapadnoj kulturi, slučajno sam naišla na sledeću gnostičku zagonetku: »Dokle će muškarci ratovati? - Sve dok žene imaju decu«. Na prvi pogled odgovor podseća na parafraze onih uobičajenih zagonetki iz detinjstva koje bi se mogle nazvati »Zauvek«, (npr. »Dok okean ne presuši«), ili na •Šekspirovog Magbeta (»Dok Birnamska šuma ne počne da se kreće/ Na njega i ne dođe na brdo Dansinejsko«). Međutim, pri bližem ispitivanju - ili bolje reći, posle daljeg čitanja tokom kojeg sam bezbroj puta naišla na analogiju između ratovanja i rađanja dece - učinilo mi se da ova stara zagonetka zahteva uzročno-posledičnu interpretaciju: »Ako bi žene samo prestale da rađaju, muškarci bi prestali da ratuju«. Ovo bi, naravno, moglo da bude truizam, jer ako žene prestanu da rađaju očigledno ne bi bilo muškaraca koji bi mogli da ratuju. U obrnutom smeru, ova bi tvrdnja mogla da podrazumeva - i to je implikacija koja se istražuje u ovom tekstu - da muškarci ratuju zato što žene rađaju. Prvo ću pomenuti nekoliko mitskih i istorijskih arhetipova koji uključuju teme herojstva i neporočnosti, hrabrosti i čednosti, a potom ću analizirati upadljivu ekvivalentnost izmedu materinstva i ratovanja.

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TRAKTAT O NOMADOLOGIJI: RATNI STROJ

Author(s): Gilles Deleuze,Félix Guattari / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sukcesivno, nailazimo na tri problema: da li je bitka »predmet« rata? I još: da li je rat »predmet« ratnog stroja? Najzad, u kojoj je meri ratni stroj »predmet« aparata Države? Dvosmislenost prva dva problema zacelo proizlazi iz termina predmet, ali uključuje i njihovu zavisnost od trećeg termina. Zbog toga se i moraju razmatrati jedan za drugim, makar time bili navedeni da umnožavamo slučajeve. Prvo pitanje, pitanje bitke, stvarno zahvata neposredno razlikovanje dva slučaja: prvog, gde se bitka traži, i drugog, gde je ratni stroj suštinski izbegava. Ta dva slučaja uopšte se ne poklapaju sa ofanzivom i defanzivom. Međutim, izgleda da je predmet rata u pravom smislu te reči (prema jednoj zamisli čiji vrhunac nalazimo kod Foha) bitka, dok gerila za sebe izričito pretpostavlja ne-bitku.

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Помирението и посредничеството - новост или връщане към обичайните способи за решаване на спорове

Author(s): Petya Nedeleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The alternative methods of conflicts resolution represent a form of personal, cultural and religious empowerment that denies the authority of the authoritarian power to resolve conflicts. These methods assume the will and activity of the society, as well as its maturity, so that the society be able to resolve its internal issues and conflicts on its own merits. Negotiations and reconciliation are historically known and practiced in different versions in the lands of Bulgaria. Hence, Bulgarian society has traditions in the resolution of its internal conflicts, commensurable to other societies in which such methods are deeply rooted.

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Неостварени совјетски планови преобликовања политичке карте Балкана крајем Другог светског ратa

Author(s): Aleksej J. Timofejev / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The final military operations at the end of the war in the Balkans were important in the context of transformation of WW II into a conflict of the former allies. As Germany’s power waned, the Western Balkans became one of the zones where spheres of interest were to be delimitated. Conflicting Soviet and US/UK interests in the Eastern Balkans, in the hinterland of the Straits, had a larger conflict potential in the context of sudden enlargement of the Soviet zone of interest. This conflict connected with the inner Balkans was especially acute on the Mediterranean coasts. The importance of the Straits for Russia was immense already in early 20th century. During WW II the situation with delimitation of imperial zones of influence in the Balkans partly resembled the one in WW I. The USSR had reserve plans for a counter-offensive in case of the Allied betrayal that were the fruit of the possibility of the first blow being stricken by British and American forces and their potential allies - the Germans, the Italians. On the local Balkan level such documents were no secret. Tense expectation of the Soviet forces on the borders of Greece and Turkey peaked twice in the HQ of the 37th Army Division in connection with global developments – the end of WW II in Europe (spring 1945) and the final end of WW II (late summer, fall 1945). In the first case the plans were exclusively defensive and in the second they comprised (counter) attack. No doubt, these plans were only elements of both the regional policy of the USSR (support for Greek partisans through Yugoslavia and Albania, reliance on Kurdish insurgents in Iran) and the global construction of opposition to the USA and UK - which goes beyond the scope of this article.

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Совјетски ратни заробљеници у Југославији (1943–1944)

Author(s): Milan Koljanin / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Soviet POWs are among the greatest victims of WWII. Their mass destruction by Nazi Germany was racially and ideologically (anti-Bolshevik) motivated. Soviet POWs came to the territory of Yugoslavia and Serbia in various ways. Some were sent to Serbia to complement the Russian Defense Corps, an auxiliary military unit of the German occupational forces. The largest group among the Soviet POWs were the Cossacks who volunteered for the First Cossack Division of the Wehrmacht. The combat career of this division, particularly in Syrmium and Slavonia, was marked by mass crimes. Nevertheless, there was also a wide-spread desertion from this unit. Part of the Soviet POWs found themselves in POW camps in Serbia and Yugoslavia. From among the escapees from these camps, as well as from among deserters from the Cossack Division who joined the partisans, a battalion of the 7th Vojvodina Brigade of the People’s Liberation Army was formed. Members of this battalion returned to the Red Army after its arrival in Serbia in October 1944. They too took part in the Belgrade operation which led to the liberation of the capital of Yugoslavia on October 20, 1944, as part of the 3rd Ukrainian Front.

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Идеја о истовременој офанзиви са „Румунског“ и Солунског фронта 1916. године

Author(s): Nikola B. Popović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses plans of simultaneous offensives on two fronts, drafted by representatives of Serbian and Russian military structures during 1916. This idea is related to the intention to transfer the Serbian volunteer corps to the territory of Serbia and to wage war in the north with simultaneous advance in the south from the positions at the Thessaloniki front.

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Да ли је Аписово писмо поуздан историјски извор?

Author(s): Miroslav Perišić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyses the reliability of the letter of Dragutin Dimitrijević (known as Apis) to Aleksandar Karađorđević and the Supreme Officers’ court which he wrote from prison in 1917. In that letter, Apis claimed that he himself had organized the attempt to assassinate Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. There are many circumstances which raise doubts about reliability of this Apis’s statement, the most important being the following: the letter was written by a prisoner in a special psychological state, while the current foreign policy situation demanded from the Serbian government to find the person responsible for the Sarajevo assassination attempt in order to satisfy Austria–Hungary in case there were negotiations on separate peace.

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Slovenija u predvečerje Drugog svetskog rata

Author(s): Božo Repe / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Ideological and political split in Slovenia escalated during the second half of 1930s. Traditional political formations started falling to pieces. Bourgeois parties, including the Slovenian People’s Party lost political clout in late 1930s. They were not able to find the answers to the crisis and the war in Europe. Most Slovenian politicians believed in preservation of Yugoslavia but they looked in vain for an alternative solution in case of occupation. Eventually, this would lead them either to collaboration or to emigration. As an opposition to the defeatist policy of the bourgeois camp, a new political block under the leadership of the Communist Party emerged.

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1941. у југословенским војним извештајима из Каира

Author(s): Milan Terzić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Having received news about the uprising, the Yugoslav military forces tried to influence the events in Yugoslavia during the second half of 1941. Information about resistance in the country encouraged everyone in exile and caused the wish to obtain as many information as possible, to send a mission to the country and to proffer aid to the resistance movement, despite the unclear situation in Yugoslavia. The news of a movement headed by Mihajlović strengthened the standing of the Yugoslav Royal government with the Allies in 1941. Mihajlović was promoted general (on December 7, 1941) by Prime-Minister Simović. A string of further military (division general, army general and the chief of staff of the Supreme Command) and political (defense minister) promotions for Mihajlović followed in 1942. However, his coming on the stage caused a conflict between soldiers and civilians in exile. Lacking an army, the civilians and younger military officers got the upper hand. In stead of the “heroes of March 27” a new hub was created, but not without distrust of the Serbs within the government. This would show later on when general Simović was replaced as prime minister and defense minister general Bogoljub Ilić and generals, the Mirković brothers, Borivoje-Bora and Dragomir were removed.

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Pravoslavlje, rat i stradanje (sociološki prikaz i nešto razjašnjenja)

Author(s): Zoran Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U Srba se nedopustivo malo raspravljalo o pravoslavnom shvatanju rata (i mira) što najbolje pokazuje odsustvo bogoslovskih i laičkih monografija, studija i članaka. "Rat (i mir) po pravoslavlju" – to je bila i jeste "velika tajna" za većinu nas, pogotovu za strance. Oni i prebacuju pravoslavnoj crkvi da se nikako ne interesuje svetskim ratom (i mirom). A zapravo, istočno hrišćanstvo ima puno toga da saopšti o ratu (i miru) i istinska je šteta da to vekovima čuvano iskustvo nije zastupljenije u svesti i ponašanju savremenika.

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Tensions Along the Western Pacific Rim of East Asia: Obstacles or Opportunities?

Author(s): David A. Jones,Hanzhen Liu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tensions have erupted then lingered along the Western Pacific rim, widened across East Asia, expanded into South Asia. They range from the most threatening, the erratic and belligerent behavior of North Korea, to the mystifying posture of China across the East and South China Seas, to the transparent build-up of “flat top” warships by India and Japan, to a myriad of other indicators of conflict. Each of these problems is solvable, some more easily than others. Each requires cooperation among the nations along the Western Pacific, notably China, frequently absent. Each must involve the United States of America. These tensions, each individually and all collectively, may be viewed pessimistically as obstacles; they are better viewed optimistically as one grand opportunity. Emerging is an opportunity for the United States and China to join forces with their allies as partners leading the way toward global peace, a reinvigoration of what was known as the “Peace of 1945” or “Pax Americana” that can become at once a “Pax Serica” [“China Peace”] as well as what could become known as the “Pax Americana Secunda” [“Second American Peace”]. Allies in the region will have to join forces, they have little choice. This paper will address some internal Strengths and Weaknesses alongside some external Opportunities and Threats that befall each of the participants and all of them collectively. It will focus primarily on the opportunities that will burgeon if China and the United States can work together, as they began to do, seriatim, from the middle of 2017 before each country imposed tariffs on the other as a strategy.

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South China Sea – A Multifaceted Conflict

Author(s): Paweł Behrendt / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Forming the maritime heart of SE Asia, the South China Sea has grown in recent years into one of the most important geopolitical areas in the world. The conflict over seemingly insignificant archipelagos has many aspects, and, like a lens, focuses the rivalry of modern powers. The territorial dispute over the Spratly and Paracel Islands is the primary level of conflict, with prestigious and economic meaning. Another aspect is the striving for control over the regional Sea Lanes of Communication. The point here is not only the transport of goods from east Asia to Europe and Africa, but also of oil and natural gas supply from the Persian Gulf. The next aspect is related to Sino-American relations and rivalry. An equally important facet is the internal politics of the PRC, which is one of the causes of an assertive foreign policy. The CPC has become hostage to its own nationalist rhetoric. There is also a broader international level of the dispute. Countries such as Australia, India and Japan have to a greater or lesser extent joined the conflict as an element of their China policy. The South China Sea unexpectedly found its place in Russian-Chinese relations, and interest in the situation in the region is also expressed by France and the United Kingdom. All these aspects form an image of a very complex and dynamic conflict of growing importance.

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Power Shift in Taiwan and Its Implications on Cross-Strait Relations

Author(s): Kamer Kasım / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tsai Ing-wen of the DPP won the presidential elections on 16th January 2016 and was sworn in as Taiwan’s President on 20 May 2016. The discussions about the future of cross-strait relations started with reference to the previous DPP administration’s policy of 2000–2008. The tense cross-strait relations of the DPP era were replaced with more harmonious ones with Ma Ying-jeou of KMT from 2008 to 2016. KMT acted on the basis of the 1992 consensus. The change of power with the election of Tsai Ing-wen raised questions about the basis and continuation of the cross-strait dialogue. Tsai-Ing-wen in her inauguration speech pledged to maintain the existing mechanisms for dialogue and communication across the Taiwan Strait. She also emphasized that Taiwan would conduct cross-strait affairs in accordance with the Republic of China Constitution, the Act Governing Relations between the People of Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area, and other relevant legislation. The important question with regards to cross-strait relations is: how does China evaluate Tsai Ing-wen’s intentions about cross-strait relations and conduct its policies? In this paper the cross-strait policy of the new administration in Taiwan will be analyzed through DPP’s foreign policy. Since cross-strait relations cannot be analyzed just as a relation between Taiwan and China due to Taiwan’s ties with the US, the paper will also evaluate the new US administrations’ Taiwan policy. The cross-strait relations and the US regional role also have international implications due to the South and East China Sea dispute, which creates major security concerns.

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“Enemies of the People” in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: The Political Meaning of Human Rights Violations Against Them

Author(s): Eunwon Yi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Over the last several decades, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)’s government has repeatedly produced a number of “enemies of the people.” This article contends that the “enemies” in the DPRK have been produced by political decisions in the name of popular sovereignty, based on post-colonialism and socialism. The principal goal of this article is to identify the political meaning of violations against the “enemies of the people” and to shed light on the problems of “politicized human rights.”

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Sigurnosna politika Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Mirza Smajić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Započeti procesi demokratske tranzicije Bosne i Hercegovine od postkonfliktne do savremene državne zajednice zahtijevaju značajne unutrašnje i vanjskopolitičke preokrete. S tim u vezi tekst analizira sigurnosnu politiku Bosne i Hercegovine u postdejtonskom periodu, praveći kratku povijesnu retrospektivu njegovog razvoja od 1995. godine. Poseban fokus usmjeren je na kompleksnost organizacije i funkcioniranja komponenti unutrašnjeg i vanjskog sistema sigurnosti. osim toga analizirani su savremeni sigurnosni izazovi s kojima se Bosna i Hercegovina eventualno može susresti ili se već susreće. Također je posebna pažnja posvećena reformi sistema sigurnosti na putu u evroatlantske organizacije te analizi sposobnosti Bosne i Hercegovine za borbu protiv terorizma, te drugih aktuelnih sigurnosnih izazova.

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Međunarodne organizacije

Author(s): Nedžad Smailagić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

općenito govoreći, međunarodne organizacije su tekovina dvadesetog stoljeća koje se osnivaju s ciljem ostvarivanja određenih interesa. Članice tih organizacija su najčešće države kao osnovni subjekti međunarodnog prava. Bosna i Hercegovina, kao i sve druge moderne zemlje, je prisutna u članstvu i aktivnostima međunarodnih organizacija kojima se uređuju savremeni međunarodni odnosi na regionalnom i univerzalnom planu. Cilj ovog rada je da predstavi, u kratkim crtama, međunarodne organizacije u sistemu savremenih međunarodnih odnosa, i to kroz prizmu Bosne i Hercegovine. ova tema dobija na značaju kada se uvidi da je Bosna i Hercegovina zemlja u tranziciji sa izraženim euroatlantskim aspiracijama, a u kojoj istovremeno različite međunarodne organizacije imaju značajan pravni, društveni i politički uticaj. nakon kratkog teorijskog uvoda u međunarodne organizacije, rad prisustvo i aktivnosti međunarodnih organizacija u Bosni i Hercegovini, posebno se analiziraju pojedine međunarodne organizacije od značaja za Bosnu i Hercegovinu. kancelarija visokog predstavnika analizira se u posebnom odjeljku, kao i organizacije koje su prisutne u Bosni i Hercegovini kao što su organizacija ujedinjenih nacija i njene specijalizirane agencije, te organizacija za sigurnost i saradnju u Evropi i Vijeće Evrope.

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Muslims in the Netherlands: Tensions and Violent Conflict

Author(s): Tinka Veldhuis,Edwin Bakker / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The release of the anti-Islam movie “Fitna” by the Dutch Member of Parliament Geert Wilders, early 2008, aroused anxious fears of angry responses by Muslims communities. As happened in the Danish cartoon crisis, people expected the movie to trigger violent demonstrations, boycotts, the burning of flags and other aggressive responses by Muslim communities, both in the Netherlands and around the world. Months prior to the actual release of the movie, the Dutch prime minister already spoke of a crisis, predicting violent confrontations between Muslims and non-Muslims, and devastating consequences for Muslim integration in Dutch society.

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