Od producenta do konsumenta: determinanty transportu żywności w XXI wieku

Author(s): Aleksandra Górecka,Maria Zych Lewandowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The aim of the paper was to present main factors influencing development of worldwide transporting food. We underlined problems of creating more and more complex food supply chains. Moreover, we pointed out food production regionalization as the reasons for the current trend of increasing the volume and length of food transport. As a summary, we presented possible solution to the problem of environmental effects of food transport which can be implemented by customers, producers and also transport companies.

Extortion racketeering in the hospitality sector

Author(s): Andrea Gimenez-Salinas,Carmen Jorda,Manuel de Juan Espinosa / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2016

Extortion racketeering in the agricultural sector

Author(s): Atanas Rusev / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2016

“Working Class Gone to Heaven””: From Working Class to Middle Class and Back

Author(s): Tea Škokić,Sanja Potkonjak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This paper problematizes the relationship between the working and middle classes in socialism, which was characterized by consumer culture and state of welfare. It also tackles the extinct middle class in the post-socialist context of the economic crisis and economically defined but politically void "new" working class. The economic realization of the Yugoslav socialist model - a hybrid of planned and market economies - combined the capitalist idea of the state of welfare with the communist execution of social rights. The socialist consumer culture, "searching for welfare", established a homogenous middle class as a proof of its own social success, leaving the "working class" to be conveniently invoked only in ideological manifests of the governing nomenclature. The discussion about the capitalist restoration of the post- socialist period gives precedence to the lament over the extinction of the middle class and its high standard of living over the issues of class relations. On the other hand, the majority of the 286,075 unemployed and 15,230 of the employed who did not receive their salaries in the first quarter of 2015 are low-skill or vocational work- ers, i.e., the working class. This new relationship between the working and middle classes problematizes the socialist inheritance of transformation of the working class into the middle class, the recent phenomenon of economically defined working class without a political meaning, the post-socialist class inequality between the employed and the unemployed, and the emancipation of the worker as "the scorned subject" and his mobilization without being necessarily included in the middle-class political activism for the "general good".

Nėščiųjų teisių ir garantijų įgyvendinimas darbo teisiniuose santykiuose: Lietuvos valstybinių institucijų patirtis

Author(s): Ramunė Miežanskienė,Aušra Tartilaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3/2016

The implementation of legally regulated rights and guarantees of pregnant employees to a large extent depends on the activity and functions of institutions of authority. The foreign research reveals the existence of problematics in the field of implementation of rights and guarantees of pregnant women in their labour relationship. Taking into consideration that up till now there was no research carried out in this field in Lithuania, the main aim of this article was to investigate and identify the problematic aspects of implementation of rights and guarantees of pregnant employees in the national context and in the field of the activities of governmental institutions. In order to achieve the objective of the study the key governmental institutions and organizations were included, which are directly involved in the process of defense of pregnant worker’s rights. These were the experts out of Equal Opportunities Ombudsman's Office, Labour Inspectorate and non-governmental sector organizations. The research indicated, that the official statistics of Governmental institutions do not reveal any grounds that could enable to constitute that there is a problematic area in the field of implementation of rights and guarantees for pregnant employees. This is the reason why institutions concentrate their activity to the cases they encounter and not to their prevention. The overall study of data enables to form a reasonable presumption that the above mentioned statistics do not reflect the actual reality and the quantity of pregnant employees’ rights violations. This is conditioned to the fact that only a part of the pregnant employees, whose rights or guarantees have been violated, were revealed this fact to institutions.

«НЕ ХЛЕБОМ ЕДИНЫМ…»: ПРАКТИКИ ТРУДОВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ (СЛУЧАЙ СЕЛА ПАРФЕНЬЕВО)

Author(s): I. N. Kodina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

The article analyzes the basic labor practices of Parfen'evо villagers, identified by the author's through the sociological case study in 2014. Practices of primary and secondary employment, employment practices in the private farms, unemployment practices, seasonal work practices and migration practices are analyzed. The author proves that professionally-labor sphere of Russian village life is considered to be a dominant sphere, defining the villagers mode of life.

КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЮ

Author(s): A. Gurov,A. Tolkachev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

До недавнего времени потребление рассматривалось социальными исследователями как гедонистическая деятельность или погоня за удовольствием ради удовольствия [2, 6]. В России такое значение потребления стало актуальным относительно недавно, в постсоциалистический период. С потребительским гедонизмом связыва- ется первое десятилетие 2000-х годов, называемое «жирными нулевыми», когда новая инфраструк- тура (торговые центры, кредитные карты и т.д.) и выросшие доходы создали условия и возможности для гедонистического потребления. Несмотря на то, что не все группы в российском обществе по- лучили полный доступ к таким возможностям, изменения коснулись заметной его части.

ДУАЛЬНОСТЬ СТРУКТУР ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ДИНАМИКЕ: ОТ СОВЕТСКОГО К ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМУ ОБЩЕСТВУ

Author(s): V. Ilyin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article studies consumption in Soviet and post-Soviet society in the context of its dual structure. The analysis is based on the assumption that consumption always occurs in the context of existing culture and ideology and is a part of social reproduction. Every type of social reproduction features particular type of individuality. Ideally, a person with such a type of individuality is a function of a social system, i.e. an ideal consumer. However, in reality people are reluctant to turn into the ideal consumers who ensure the interests of the existing system and powerful groups who control social reproduction. Activity of these reluctant consumers results in various resistance practices and consumer culture that corresponds to them. As a result, the structures acquire the dual character and serve as a sustainable form of consumer behavior of those citizens who freely materialize their needs within an available amount of resources. This is, however, not an organized protest, but rather an individual form of resistance that the sociologists call “the art of the weak”.

ПРОИЗВОДСТВО, СБЫТ И ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ В САНКТ ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ: ПЛОДОРОДНАЯ ПОЧВА ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ КОРОТКИХ ЦЕПОЧЕК ПОСТАВОК ФЕРМЕРСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ?

Author(s): Olga Gromasheva,G. Brunori / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

Currently in developed countries there is growth of initiatives which are aimed to reconnect farmers and consumers whose relationships in the last century became as distant and detached as they had never been before (due to industrial food production, centralization of the market, etc.). The state-of-art and recent trends in agricultural production, distribution and consumption in Russia, and St. Petersburg in particular, are analyzed in the article (mainly from the prospective of supply and demand for local products). The aim of the paper is to understand whether the current conditions are favorable towards development of such reconnection initiatives, which in the western literature are most frequently referred to as “short food supply chains” (or “alternative food networks”).

НОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ РОССИЯН ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ СПОРТИВНЫХ МЕГА-СОБЫТИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ УНИВЕРСИАДЫ 2013 г., КАЗАНЬ)

Author(s): P. Ermolaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article investigates the main trends in green consumption in Russia that were inspired by sport megaevents. The analysis is based on the case study of Universiade, which took place in the city of Kazan in 2013. The results of this empirical study confirm that the dwellers of Kazan have become more aware of green consumption and the green consumer practices have started to spread after the Universiade had been finished (for instance, waste sorting and ecologization of way of life and leisure). The author of the article links these trends to the increased availability of urban “green” infrastructure; the Year of Eco-culture that was held in Russia and promoted ecofriendly ideas; the local governments’ reorientation towards international environmental standards that have been maintained in other host-cities of international sport events; the popularization of post-materialistic values; globalization and increased population mobility; and growing value that is ascribed to health as symbolic capital.

АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЕ СЕЛЬСКИЕ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ В РОССИИ: СТИХИЙНАЯ ВНУТРЕННЯЯ ЭМИГРАЦИЯ ИЛИ ОСОЗНАННЫЙ ТРАНСФЕР В БУДУЩЕЕ

Author(s): I. Zadorin,D. Maltseva,A. Homyakova,L. Shubina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

This article presents the results of the study "Ecovillages as a form of internal emigration: motivation and prospects of expansion", which was conducted by ZIRCON Research Group in Autumn 2012. This research studies new phenomenon of alternative rural settlements (in particular, ecovillages and kin estates settlements). These settlements are considered as countercultural movement. Yet, they have potential to generate innovative practices related to sustainable development of society and nature. The article aims to answer the question whether the ecovillages and kin estate settlements can be transformed from marginalized to influential social phenomenon. The authors also investigate the peculiarities of these settlements and their meanings for participants: are these settlements a way of internal immigration because of political reasons or a transfer to well-being and quality of life?

МУЗЕИ-ЗАВОДЫ НА СРЕДНЕМ УРАЛЕ: ОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ ПРОШЛОГО И ИНДИКАТОР НАСТОЯЩЕГО В КУЛЬТУРЕ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО УРАЛА

Author(s): Lidia Dobreytsina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article explores the aspects of development and operation of the industrial museums in Middle Ural, i.e. in the towns of Solikamsk, Nizhny Tagil, and Polevskoy. It contains the description of their present conditions, their popularity, plans and projects for further development. Analysis of an image of an industrial museum as it exists in the minds both of local residents and visitors is followed by the attempt to clarify the symbolic function of an industrial museum as a tool for shaping the image of Ural for contemporary age. Also, the article delves into the contradictions between the actual situation of industrial museums and the declarations of their importance and usage made by the local official media (based on the case of Demidov Park project). The main problem here is the failure, both by authorities and by local residents, to comprehend the role and the place of such museums in the future development of local and regional culture; as a result, we can witness underfunding and dismal material conditions of the industrial museums in Solikamsk and Nizhny Tagil, lack of adequate advertising, no interesting projects implemented at these plants and so on.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ГОРОЖАН В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИИ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 1950-х – НАЧАЛЕ 1980-х гг. (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ АНГАРО-ЕНИСЕЙСКОГО РЕГИОНА)

Author(s): N.V. Gonina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The industrialization developed in the late XX century in Angara-Yenisei region promoted not only the territory development and the cities growth but also considerable sociocultural changes. In the cities of the region transition from traditional consciousness to the industrial one goes at an accelerated pace. The important role in this process was played by the large industrial enterprises of the Union value which had defined urban environment development parameters of that period of time. As a result of industrialization and urbanization of the region one can observe the transition from paternalism and collectivism to individualization, understanding of personality worthiness, material needs priority growth. These tendencies are of fragmentary and changeable character. Features of traditional, industrial and post-industrial society in the framework of the Soviet system are interwoven with polychromatic picture of sociocultural identity of a transition period. They gained the greatest expressiveness in the regional centers, the smallest level — in the peripheral not industrial cities.

УРБАНИЗАЦИЯ КАК ХОЗЯЙСТВО: ВЕДОМСТВЕННЫЕ ГОРОДА НЕФТЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ РАЙОНОВ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ (1960 – 1980 гг.)

Author(s): I.N. Stasj / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

In this article the urbanisation process in the oil and gas producing regions of the Western Siberia in the period of oil and gas exploration (1960’s - 1980’s) is analysed. The region urbanisation is treated on three meta-levels – the organisation of towns’ resettlement system, urban environment formation, towns’ identity designing. Interaction and confrontation between main subjects of urbanisation – departmental and towns’ elite and discourses – took place exactly on these meta-levels. The author comes to a conclusion that urbanisation of oil and gas producing regions of the Western Siberia was of departmental origin and matter: resettlement system was adjusted to the town-planning experience of departments; urban environment was formed as the mixture of isolated departmental economies; towns served as “seigneurial oikos”. There was no towns’ identity, and identification of towns’ citizens was principally based upon the industrial characteristic.

ЭКЗОГЕННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫХ ГОРОДОВ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СЕВЕРА РОССИИ (ВТОРАЯ ПОЛОВИНА 1960-Х – ПЕРВАЯ ПОЛОВИНА 1980-Х гг.)

Author(s): R.S. Kolokolchikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The author reveals the conflicting processes of the controlled Soviet urbanization in the European North of Russia coming out in increased diseases incidence of the population in the industrial cities – engines of industrial development of the region. The risk factors in the cities of those typological groups for the incidence of the sexually transmitted diseases, dynamics and trends of morbidity are analyzed too.

ГОРОДА И РЕГИОНЫ РОССИИ КАК (ПОСТ)ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫЕ БРЕНДЫ

Author(s): Mikhail Yur'yevich Timofeev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article investigates the role and place of the industrial potential and heritage cities and regions of Russia with their branding and rebranding. The refinement of the concept of "brand" is given. The analysis of (post-) industrial resources in terms of a system approach is made. Industrial component of brand architecture is compared with other symbolic resources.

БРЕНДИНГ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО ГОРОДА: ПОИСК СМЫСЛОВ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ НИЖНЕГО ТАГИЛА)

Author(s): L.E. Dobreitsina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article is written as a reflection on the possibilities of brand development for Nizhny Tagil, a typical Ural industrial town. The author considers the positives and negatives of “industrial town” brand and the opportunities presented in this regard by traditional crafts – namely, Tagil painted trays, and also by natural resources, i.e. malachite. The two brand themes proposed here are already partially being realized in Tagil, but, in author’s opinion, they could benefit from more vigorous development: Tagil as a town of craftsmen (inventors, artists) and Tagil as a domain of Demidov family (the famous industrialists and philanthropists). This text provides justification of these two brands both from the historical point of view, and based on the realities of contemporary life. The conclusion is that, by complementing each other, these two themes will help to realize the main and obvious brand of Tagil as an industrial town, a factory town – by doing this on a substantially better, more positive, “humanized” level.

Introducing Artificial Intelligence in Education: Threats and Challenges (Following the Example of Bulgaria)

Author(s): Maria Kazakova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted the world in the last three years with the emergence of the Cognitive Crisis, altering not only the way we communicate but also how we learn and teach. Its influence extends to every aspect of public life, including education. This article explores the concept of artificial intelligence, the current regulatory framework for AI, its growing integration in education, and the potential threats and challenges linked to its implementation in the education sector. By taking an analytical approach to the normative framework of artificial intelligence and examining strategic documents related to its application, the author aims to address the extent to which AI has penetrated education, as well as the possible risks and obstacles associated with its adoption. This analysis involves a comparison between the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) and the Summary Innovation Index (SII) of Bulgaria and other EU member states, focusing on the correlation with well-prepared human capital. The article concludes by exploring whether artificial intelligence serves as a universal solution and provides insights on how to incorporate it into education effectively.

Рейтинговите системи на университетите в САЩ и в България – прилики и разлики

Author(s): Albena R. Ivanova,Radka Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

Education holds a significant role in every individual‘s life. In today‘s globalized world, there are ample opportunities to choose educational institutions for young people to pursue their studies, regardless of their location. Various systems have been established to evaluate universities and colleges, providing rankings that reflect the level of achievement and prestige of these institutions. While each system has its own set of criteria, they are diverse. This article aims to compare the rating system of higher education institutions in Bulgaria with the evaluation and ranking systems used in the USA. It is worth noting that some American universities and colleges are considered among the most prestigious educational institutions worldwide.

Финансова лексика за финансова грамотност (Интерпретация на „Национална стратегия зa финансова грамотност на Република България“)

Author(s): Rossitsa Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

Financial literacy is a significant variable for the sustainable development of modern economies, which operate on the paradigm of “free market play” and structurally developed on monetary system. In this context, there is an urgent need for financial education that aligns with contemporary economic conditions. This study examines the vocabulary used in the document titled “Financial Literacy Strategy of the Republic of Bulgaria” from the perspective of its specialized financial lexicon. The primary aim of the research is to analyze the terminology framework of the document and its accompanying texts to assess whether they effectively fulfill their primary function of providing a clear and precise narrative. The central thesis is that the proposed definitions deviate from the standards of specialized financial language, thereby undermining their linguistic accuracy, making the vocabulary unsuitable for normative use and significantly limiting the document’s ability to achieve its stated goals.