STEM Robotics in Primary School

Author(s): Gencho Stoitsov,Ivan Dimitrov,Mihov Tsanko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Robotics has a significant role in modern life. Complex programmable devices are used in high-tech manufactures as well as in many households. More and more people encounter the need to control and program robotic devices. For this reason, STEM education aims to develop such digital competencies in modern students. This article represents the results from a questionnaire held for students from the primary school stage who participate in a STEM education in robotics and assess the activities positively. We suggest three variants of tasks with solutions suitable for the students and for the working process with the robot Edison and programming environment of EdBlocks.

Задачи от състезанията по математическа лингвистика в контекста на НВО - Х клас

Author(s): Borislav Lazarov,Veselin Zlatilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The paper examines the extent to which problems from contests in mathematical linguistics meet the Bulgarian educational standards. Compliance indicators are introduced. On the basis of an analysis of the content of individual examples, we conclude that such problems comply highly with the key competencies tested by the National External Assessment after finishing the tenth grade. Some didactic comments are made.

Нагласи, очаквания и интереси сред студенти за образование и кариерно развитие в социалнопедагогическата сфера

Author(s): Aleksandar Ranev,Krasimir Kostov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article reflects the results of a survey among students majoring in Social Pedagogy at Sofia University. The research was conducted through a focus group and a survey and aims to establish the general attitudes for continuing education and career development in the social pedagogy field. The analysis of the results allows to outline guidelines for improving the quality of education and optimizing the curriculum in master's programs in this specialty in order to attract more students and meet the need for qualified and motivated staff working in the social pedagogy sphere.

В НОВИТЕ БРОЕВЕ НА СПИСАНИЯТА НА ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ ЧЕТЕТЕ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Педологията – неосъществената наука за детето

Author(s): Milka Terziyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The purpose of this article is to trace the emergence and development of pedology as a complex science for the child and to clarify the reasons why it is ufulfilled. Both available literary sources and documents from the archival funds in Bulgaria (the State Archives and the Scientific Archives of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) have been studied. A picture of the state of pedological science in the USA, Europe, Russia / USSR and Bulgaria is presented. Based on these studies, it can be seen that while in the West in the 1930s this science was in decline, and in Russia it was banned in 1936, in Bulgaria it continues to be taught at Sofia University and teacher training institutes in the country for which there are also textbooks. Its existence came to an end with the full establishment of the ideological domination of the new communist government.

Една малко позната страница от българското методическо наследство: „Граматиката в прогимназията. Насоки към творческо обучение“ (1937) на Петър Лаков и Павел Гетов

Author(s): Ivan Cholakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The focus of this paper is a hitherto unstudied methodological guide “The Grammar in Junior High School. Guidelines for Creative Thinking” (1937) by Petar Lakov and Pavel Getov, and above all its theoretical perspectives. The authors clearly state their opinion about the weaknesses in mother tongue education and outline ways to overcome them. Their views about native language learning are evaluated in view of the innovative approaches to the teaching of the Bulgarian language, presented in the 1920s and 1930s in the works of Petko Tsonev, Dimitar Grancharov and Lyuben Georgiev. As a result of the analysis, some of the current in terms of the contemporary methodological views are highlighted such as the communicative orientation of the native language learning and the development of skills for active participation in different speech situations in order to create a different types of discourse. The analysis proves that the methodological guide of Lakov and Getov is an important testimony of the dominant trends in native language learning, aimed at the formation of the creative and socially responsible individuals.

Easy-to-read in Romania: current status and future perspectives in a European context

Author(s): Marcela Fărcaşiu,Daniel Dejica,Simona Şimon,Annamaria Kilyeni / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

As the European Union’s Strategy for people with disabilities has been extended to 2030, emphasising the need for these people’s social inclusion, which also comprises accessibility to different information and documents, Romania has to align its legislation and best practices in order to solve its problems concerning this topic. Therefore, this paper focuses on an important aspect of social inclusion, namely Easy-to-Read (E2R) language, which is paramount for the disabled people’s access to information, culture and education. It starts by presenting the concept of Easy-to-Read across Europe, its perception and implementation by various countries, to finally delve into the current situation of Easy-to-Read in Romania. By looking at the analysis and reports on the previous governmental strategies regarding people with disabilities (and especially reading disabilities, for the purpose of this paper), it can be said that Romania still faces challenges in this respect and needs to work on making documents and information accessible by first creating E2R guidelines and then implementing them in printed documents (e.g. adapted textbooks, healthcare leaflets) as well as in the electronic information (e.g. government websites). The paper also traces some future perspectives concerning Easy-to-Read in Romania, namely the Train2Validate “Professional training for Easy-to-Read facilitators and validators” (T2V) project, an Erasmus+ programme, a collaboration between various European countries, that Romania is part of, which goes one step further into helping people with reading disabilities and creating professional roles for them, i.e. facilitators and validators, in order to integrate them on the employment market. Moreover, this research will hopefully raise awareness of the importance of conducting other studies on creating Easy-to-Read guidelines and on simplifying the text according to the different target groups of people with reading disabilities or difficulties and to different text types.

Речеви стратегии и пандемията от COVID-19

Author(s): Gergana Dacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The interest in monitoring and analyzing the speech messages in the context of the coronavirus pandemic is due to two hypotheses related to the responsible Bulgarian institutions, some medical workers and media. The first is that they do not have enough knowledge and skills to select and direct useful and correct information in crisis situation. The second hypothesis is that they do not present appropriate mechanisms for the formation of socially useful behavior in moments of required mass mobilization in a certain direction. I look for a reason for both hypotheses in the media messages related to the pandemic. That is why in this article I make the comparison between two French and two Bulgarian newspapers, as the excerpted material was taken only within one day, something like a snapshot. The comparison shows that the French have a unified speech strategy for reaching the reader and forming public opinion, while in the Bulgarian ones it is partially or completely absent.

Калки от френски в българската фразеология

Author(s): Yana Sivilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The paper traces the long-term influence of the French language on the formation of Bulgarian phraseology. Distinct periods during which the French influence on Bulgarian is especially strong are analyzed. Hypotheses of individual scholars about the calquing of French phrasemes both in Bulgarian and internationally are commented on. Idioms, conventional metaphors and metonymies, loan translations of verb paraphrases, and other types of collocations are discussed. Since the French influence is both literary and oral in Bulgarian from the National Revival Period to the present day, both slang and colloquial expressions based on the French model are used. Through a comparative study of a translation done during the Revival, an attempt is made to outline the specifics of borrowing in the field of phraseology in the years before the Liberation.

Актуальные темы исследований в сопоставительной филологии в современном Казахстане

Author(s): Moldir Alshaynbaeva,Darina Amanbekova,Merey Balabekova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

The topicality and importance of the problems associated with comparative linguistics constantly draws the attention of linguists to the issues of studying the lexicon and concepts of foreign language origin. This article deals with current topics of doctoral dissertation research in modern Kazakhstan. The impact of this article is determined by the possibility of using the information contained in it for further research on the issues of linguistic convergence, the study of integration and adaptation of foreign words, identifying conceptual fields of “richness” and “poverty” concepts, as well as the study of sacral concepts in comparative linguistics.

Функционален подход при конструиране на система от упражнения по български език в средното училище (с оглед на обучението по български език в страната и в чужбина)

Author(s): Angel Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This article provides an overview of existing in the scientific space theses, ideas and classifications (from the general didactic, linguistic and methodical point of view) of the types of exercises constructing the technology of the Bulgarian learning process. It is suggested a systematization of the exercises from a functional point of view corresponding to the contemporary sociocultural and educational realities – exercises for realization of cognitive educational goals, exercises for realization of functional educational goals, exercises for realization of axiological educational goals. The system is an effective instrument for achieving the goals of Bulgarian language training organized in the country and abroad.

Другата руска тройка. Случаят Достоевски

Author(s): Lyudmil Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This text attempts to trace a hidden archetype in nineteenth-century Russian literature and how it works in Dostoevsky. As much as there is a lot of space in the metaliterature of the Russian troika, understood as a horses driving and its symbolic metamorphosis of a bird-trio in Gogol, the emphasis here is on the topic, which I can call the “other Russian troika (trio)”. It is about the presence of an almost sacred three-dimensional character, who at one point is attacked and overturned against his presumption of holiness by a fourth demonological hero and a serious battle for his re-sacralization is imminent. Set by the three Baroque witches in Shakespeare's “Macbeth”, led by Hekate, this model was first tested in nineteenth-century Russian literature by Pushkin in “A Tale of Tsar Saltan”, and then in two stages, feminized and masculinized, developed by Dostoevsky in “The Idiot” and “The Karamazov Brothers”, respectively, and finally finds its triumphant ending in Chekhov's “Three Sisters”, whose character system parodies that of “The Idiot”. Why is Dostoevsky such an important link in the listed paradigm?

Идентичността като пребиваване в Другия

Author(s): Magdalena Kostova-Panayotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article focuses on Michael Ondaatje’s novel The English Patient, which deals with the issues of identity, belonging to the nation, family, community, friends. According to the ideas of the text, the realization through the Other, the care of the person whom you “flowed into”, whose soul has become more important than family and homeland, is the empathy that is necessary to overcome pain, war, loss and boundaries. The time in the novel unfolds in a specific historical period, against the backdrop of one of the most tragic episodes of the twentieth century, yet the culturological context of The English Patient includes the Antiquity and Renaissance art, history and music, fine arts, as well as the European prose of the XIX century. By shaking the idea of national priorities, the narrative, shows that the history of European civilization is irreducible to simply war and destruction.

Медицински конотации в понятието „криза“

Author(s): Iveta Tasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This paper attempts to show how medical terminology and medical connotations mark concepts that later become central to philosophical, cultural, political, and social discourse. In this case, the chosen concept is the notion of crisis, which has been central to medicine since antiquity, has marked with meanings all subsequent epochs, and has become significant for our entire modernity. In short, it shows how medical connotations carry over to unrestricted uses in the broader context of language, and the concept of crisis is open to uses of different orders and in diverse contexts. To arrive at the conviction that its use as a metaphor for states of decline, failure, degeneration, ruin prevails. It is said to be a crisis, but as in medicine, it refers to deterioration.

The Curriculum

Author(s): Phil Budgell / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

It is proposed that respect for agency and choice for the pupils is a priority of education. Three frameworks are presented that can be used to make sense of the curriculum: – the Entitlement Curriculum; – the Aims and Objectives Curriculum; and – the Areas of Learning Curriculum. It is suggested that only the Subject Strands components of the Areas of Learning Curriculum are used by ministries of education in planning their national curricula. It is then proposed that ministries of education should delegate responsibility for the curriculum to Curriculum, Assessment and Qualifications Agencies – a nonministerial departments that report directly to Parliament. Curriculum Notation is then introduced as a technique for: – mapping the introduction of agency and choice in the curriculum as pupils mature; and – constructing Intervening Performance Indicators. Literacy and Numeracy are introduced as compulsory elements in the curriculum of older pupils – independent of the subjects that the pupils are studying. Finally, it is proposed that it is the schools’ responsibility to ensure that: – Cross-curricular Skills; and – Thinking Skills and Personal Capabilities are part of the pupils’ classroom experience.

Социално-педагогическо приложение на STEAM подхода при ученици със специални образователни потребности в професионалното обучение

Author(s): Kaloyan Damyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The use of inclusive and effective STEAM education of students with special educational needs by providing socio-pedagogical support enriches their learning experience and employment opportunities by developing educational materials and guidelines for teachers, educational managers and students in secondary schools and in parallel with this examines the attitudes of pedagogical professionals and their basic skills. It is known that STEAM education is guided and guided by the individual needs of students and therefore the instructions in this model of education are individualized, which can provide access and perspective to students with special educational needs.

Новата парадигма в медицината

Author(s): Julia Vasseva-Dikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

From the antiquity to nowadays the connection between philosophy and medicine is of substantive importance. One of the outstanding figures for medicine as Hippocrates of Kos, named “the father of medicine”, built the fundamental principals of medicine as rational endeavour. The other important figure in late antiquity – Claudius Galenus or Galen of Pergamon –made an important thesis that a good doctor is a philosopher too (work That the Best Physician is also a Philosopher). This work analyses the questions concerning contemporary relationships between philosophy and medicine today. One of the central topics is focused on contemporary criteria for medical theory, research and practice. In the beginning of the 90s, the so-called Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) formulated specific methodological features that medicine has to aspire to. Today, every field of medicine is based on the principles formulated by EBM. This gives grounds for a number of authors to talk about a "new paradigm" in medical science and practice and to base this idea on the EBM movement. The present paper will analyse the discussion of whether EBM is a paradigm according to Kuhn’s idea of a “paradigm shift”, and will critically analyse scientific change situation in the context of modern medicine (scientific and social aspects).

Печеливши и непечеливши избори в началото на балканската електрификация: случаите България и Сърбия

Author(s): Hristo Berov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

For a long timе, electrification has remained one of the main criteria for the modernization of life and living environment of large groups of the population in almost every part of the world. The Balkan countries are among the first to join this process and their experience is important for understanding it as a whole. This text is an attempt to compare the first private initiatives for the construction of powerplants in Bulgaria and Serbia at the end of XIX and the beginning of XX century. An emphasis is placed on the the entrepreneurs engaged in the implementation of the respective endeavors. The main goal is to shed some light on the “personality” factor as an important element of the modernization process. Apart from this, the research emphasizes the importance of concrete solutions for the successful realization of such complex industrial endeavors.

Ученето чрез дизайн като прагматичен подход за подобряване на професионалното педагогическо образование

Author(s): Nina Gerdjikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

Pedagogical education is an important part of the higher education system in Bulgaria. Despite efforts to modernize this system over the past twenty years, there have been changes in the macro-frame of the system, only. On a micro level, such as curricula, curriculum content, teaching methods, stereotypical solutions are supported. There is therefore a need to reform traditional pedagogical education. One way is to change epistemology and teaching methods in undergraduate teacher programs. In the article, a specific example of student learning through an environmental education scenario is described. This will be done in the following steps: – a brief theoretical description of learning by design; – a description of the teaching and learning process through design in the specific example; – a description of ways and means of communication in the learning process. The report is one of the first steps towards conceptualizing research within an interdisciplinary project of the University in Plovdiv, related to the use of "green technologies" in people's daily lives. The article should therefore be regarded as a plan for carrying out the next activities in the project.

Луи Пастьор (1822 – 1895) – химикът. По повод 200 години от рождението му

Author(s): Nano Stepanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article is dedicated to the 200-year anniversary of the great Louis Pasteur and aims to represent his work focusing on his less famous contributions as a chemist. By examining his accomplishments in the historical context of chemistry’s development – isomerism (between Berzelius and Van’t Hoff) and theory of fermentation (between Liebig and Berthelot). Based on his research on optically active substances (mainly tartaric acid and its salts) he distinguishes optical activity caused by crystal structure and molecular asymmetry, hypothesizes that the way atoms are positioned in a molecule is the cause for optical activity, defining a new form of isomerism thus paving the way for stereochemistry. The later scientific achievements of Pasteur are related to him entering the world of microorganisms – fermentation, disproving the theory of spontaneous generation, clarifying the origin and prevention of infectious diseases. It is emphasized that he is a scientist who takes his work out of the laboratory and ‘into the world’: examining the diseases of the silk worm, difficulties in brewing, wine and vinegar production. He communicates with people affected by the problem, exchanges knowledge and experience with them, offers advice, includes them in his search for solutions. Generally describing his work as a physicochemist, biochemist, microbiologist, immunologist and his personality with emphasis on his morality as a scientist. He is a patriot, citizen, humanist and a true benefactor of humanity.