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Human life is an endless sequence of problem situations and ways to overcome them. Friedrich Nietzsche proclaims doubt and nihilism as forms of existence in problem situation. They are the foundation of the „reassessment of all values“. This reassessment is oriented to traditional, approved and wide spread principles and norms in society. The skepticism is an initial position and a transitional stage of denial. If someone denies something without thinking of it, he acts emotionally. Friedrich Nietzsche is a nihilist because his attitude is based on doubts, which are rationally motivated. In this paper the arguments are derived from his books “Thus Spoke Zarathustra”, “The Antichrist” and “Twilight of the Idols”.
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This article provides an overview of existing in the scientific space theses, ideas and classifications (from the general didactic, linguistic and methodical point of view) of the types of exercises constructing the technology of the Bulgarian learning process. It is suggested a systematization of the exercises from a functional point of view corresponding to the contemporary sociocultural and educational realities – exercises for realization of cognitive educational goals, exercises for realization of functional educational goals, exercises for realization of axiological educational goals. The system is an effective instrument for achieving the goals of Bulgarian language training organized in the country and abroad.
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The text uses the Functional Grammar of M. A. K. Halliday (Halliday, 1985; Halliday & Mathiessen, 2004) and the definition of Halliday as the topic being this that the speaker decides to make a starting point of his message. Using this definition in a corpus, comprising of only first paragraphs of contemporary Bulgarian fiction, we make conclusions about which sentence parts are most commonly used as a topic. A hierarchy of the most common sentence parts, which function as topic, is defined. The conclusions show that the referentiality and the syntactic features of the sentence elements are the reasons for an element to function as a topic.
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The article examines the concept of the functional semantic-stylistic category (FSSC) the introduction of which is the result of the development of functional direction in linguistics, particularly functional grammar and Bondarko’s theory of functional-semantic categories and fields. The interest through FSSC axiology and evaluation was prompted by the awareness of language as a space in which the structures of knowledge, opinions, beliefs and imagination are associated with evaluation. The place and role of lexical-stylistic means are outlined in the field of evaluation and axiology.
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The ways of integration of children with hearing impairment in mainstream schools are the object of discussion in this article. The main thesis advocated in the content is the importance of adequate needs assessment of hearing-impaired children, the application of an individual approach in education that is oriented not only to children with hearing impairment but also to all children with SEN, as well and to all students in the class. The theory of multiple intelligence offers a solid argument in this direction regarding registering the learning style for each child and his/her inclusion in structured group activities that also stimulate social integration.
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The paper presents some short biographical notes and traces the prehistory (referring to the works of O. Jespersen, I. I. Meshchaninov and other scholars), the emergence, and the development of the theory of functional grammar by the prominent Russian linguist A. V. Bondarko. The most significant achievements of this linguistic approach in Russia and Bulgaria are made reference to. Various topical issues, related to the application of the theory in comparative studies, are concerned.
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The author reflects on the meaning of human life and the possibilities of education regarding the professionalization of a sense of social living. It is assumed that the Soul can be an “instrument” of Life itself, which would make sense only when experimenting with oneself in /with/ through different movements and forms of matter. Accordingly, the rational human being seeks the “feeling” of his soul and, knowing himself in the conditions of the earthly world, self-modernizes in order to offer it the perfect form of matter for him. Probably it is the harmony of their “coexistence” in the chaos of their inner world that is the real goal of pedagogy.
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The medieval prisons are part of the Islamic governing system as in the Near East as in the Magreb. The sources about their organization and working methods are rare and straggling. Whatever, medieval Islamic prisons deserve an attention because they are connected with the general institutional environment in the Islamic lands. This article surveys the Islamic prisons in Sicily in the period 9th-11th century. It begins with a review of the emergence of the first Islamic prisons. This information serves as both forming initial impressions and a basis of the subsequent analysis. An important contribution of the article is the collected information from different by language, type and time historical sources. Their careful readings, coupled with a compare analysis, allow us to draw conclusions about the characteristics and location of the medieval Sicilian prisons. Comparison with the prisons in the other Islamic lands over the same historical period shows us common features. This makes it possible to conclude that the penal institutions on the island follow and work on a well-established model.
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The so-called “negative toys” are studied with regard to the children’s representations of them. The results of this study leads to clarifications of the reasons for the negative children's attitude toward the negative toys. The basic cognitive strategies for overcoming the negative attitudes of toys, that children do not like, are formulated. The paper shows enumerated criteria of psychological-educational expertise and evaluation, as well as choice of toys according to the child’s opinion.
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This article reviews the aspects of harmonization, development and normative requirements for the organization of accounting in the Republic of Bulgaria, the applicable European directives, national and international accounting standards and normative regulations, organization of practical training in accounting and build of capable accounting professionals.
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During the period of 1797 to 1799 Herbart is a private teacher in Switzerland. Through his friends and classmates he visited Pestalozzi at Burgdorf. After this meeting follows a two-year research on the scientific basis and practical value of Pestalozzi’s “method”, this also finds expression in Herbart’s first pedagogical works.
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The material presents the application of the holistic approach in the preparation of students from pedagogical specialties for work in an inclusive environment. Students' personal experience builds not only on knowledge. The resource of exercises in several learning subjects is used to explore the difficulties children and the elderly with disabilities experience in their attempts to live a full life. The conclusion is that the training of pedagogical specialists, and why not other professionals, is completed and adequately applied in practice if it is done in the light of the needs of those who use their services and products.
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Nutrition is a basic component of sports preparation that should be specifically addressed and is fundamental for every athlete even at the earliest age. Nutrition aims to optimally supply the organism with nutrients and is connected with keeping in line with few basic nutrition principles. These principles are mainly borrowed from the rational and healthy eating and aim to maintain excellent sports form and good health. Proper nutrition has a direct correlation with increasing the body's capacity and capabilities and sporting achievement. In the article we take a look at the basic principles of dietology that help developing the athlete for him to be capable to achieve high results.
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The object of the research is one of the first two modern Bulgarian textbooks on letter writing – „Pismennik obshtepolezen“ („A Letter Writing Handbook of General Use“), 1835, by the prominent Revival pedagogue Hristaki Pavlovich. The book on letters is presented in the context of the cultural and historical situation in the second quarter of the 19th century, and from the point of view of the changes in the Bulgarian school, where new teaching methods and “modern sciences” were introduced. The article analyzes the theoretical part of „Pismennik obshtepolezen“, which contains instructions and rules for writing letters, and groups the types of letters and their components. Based on some statements by the author, conclusions are drawn about his views on ethical, social and pedagogical issues.
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The actuality of the topic is related to changes in literature education in Bulgaria after 1989, which some defi ne as a reform, but they do not make difference between today’s type of education and the one that emerged at the end of the totalitarian era. The reason is that a there was not a detailed analysis of the historical characteristics of literature education in the country before 1944. It is therefore important to make a research of the proletarian topics in the works of Hristo Smirnenski and the image of the proletarian leader. The analysis of “Johann” can enrich the topic of the German Revolution in 1918-19.
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The perception of the works of art displayed in art galleries is very important for the development of children’s artistic talents. Field trips leave deep and lasting impressions in the memory of most of them and are remembered for a long time. This intensifies their watchfulness, boosts their thinking and imagination, improves their memory and develops their artistic imagination.The ability to perceive artwork is built gradually, carefully, patiently, with the help of adults. Children could stay indifferent to works of art for a long time, if a teacher or parent does not focus their attention on them. They are supposed to take children to museums and galleries, make them familiar with the variety of artwork by attending exhibitions in art galleries, get children feel love, lasting interest and need of contact with artwork.
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Article a question of present interest literary communication of today children’s world. Present deficits and factors literary erudition in primary education.
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The study is a socio-pedagogical reading of Ruben Gallego’s novel ‘White on Black’, an autobiographical narrative about homes for disabled children in Soviet Russia in the 1980s. Gallego is a Spanish boy, born with cerebral paralysis whose childhood is spent in institutions for disabled children in Russia. Regardless of his disability, Gallego manages to preserve his will for life and creative potential. The novel White on Black is a Booker Prize laureate in 2003 and is a discovery in Russian literature. The conceptual argumentation of the novel is in the context of postmodernism and authors such as Pierre Nora, Maurice Halbwachs, Michel Foucault. It mainly analyses the social institutions as spaces of authority. Basic ideas and concepts include P. Nora’s ‘realms of memory’, Maurice Halbwachs 'collective memory' and M. Foucault’s 'heterotopia', which allows the highlighting of new dimensions in postmodern institutions and their relation to the uses of authority. The article also offers an empirical study with students from ‘Special Pedagogy’ majors at the pedagogical departments of some Bulgarian universities. The aim is to discover the personal expression and professional reflection of students in the artistic projections of the socio-pedagogical knowledge.
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The research presents the creative world in the stories of Elin Pelin. The period of his development as a writer is tracked. The characters are presented with their positive and negative features. Described are the dialogue, which is a distinctive feature of the author’s stories, the role of the landscapes without which the development of the action is unthinkable, and the atmosphere in the Bulgarian village.
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