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Education of students with disabilities is a challenge for teachers engaged in various forms of special education. Due to recognizing the limitations and problems connected with education of such a diverse group of students, new solutions are sought.This article compares the higher education systems between China and Ukraine.
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Paper deals with the analysis of situation in the Slovak Republic with an emphasis on education of student s with either medical or social disadvantage in elementary schools. Authors follow amounts of integrated students with special educational needs, as well as the conditions of education of students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. In the second part of the paper, there are presented suggestions for solving the critical situation within the field of educational system for socially and medically disadvantaged students, which shows a tendency of segregation and, in the opinion of the authors, is anti-negligent.
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Human life is the highest value in the hierarchy of goods protected by law, both from the perspective of an individual and the whole society, and at the same time it is a condition for taking advantage of other goods. For his protection, the legal, religious, worldviews and possible cultural differences should not be valid, because the right to life is vested in every human being (even criminals) of the very fact of being a human being. Life is the only, unique and unfeasible good of man. Without life, we can not talk about a human being, and without a human being, everything that has a human character loses meaning on the principle of contradicto in adiecto. Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right should protect the law. Nobody can be arbitrarily deprived of life.
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A review of the pedagogical achievements of Aleksander Yakovlevich Herd (1841 – 1888) is presented. Aleksander Herd is the most talented pedagogue of the second half of the 19th century and one of the brightest figures in the history of school natural sciences. He worked out the system of teaching natural sciences at school, paying attention to its educational importance, and he connected the methods of teaching with the content of subjects. He was the first who criticized the dogmatic method of A. Luben, a German educator, and he was also the first of Russian educators who tried to introduce the idea of historical development of nature into the curricula and textbooks of Russia in the 19th century. Aleksander Herd advocated the use of the evolutionally biological direction in teaching natural sciences. He worked out the methods of teaching the course of inanimate nature for junior pupils.
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The aim of the article is to show the reasons and gather information about the alienation of men in families with a disabled child. Based on research conducted in schools (special and integration education) in the province Opole shows that the causes are different. They are trivial but are often serious and require social, educational and emotional support. The research group consisted of 130 men, but after preliminary verification and analysis, 105 men correctly completed the survey and were happy to give an interview. These are men aged 30–65 who live and do not live with a child with a disability. The research tool was a questionnaire containing 10 open questions and a certificate (father's age, age of the child, place of residence, social origin, material situation, etc.). The survey was supplemented by an interview. The results obtained divide men into several groups. An interesting group is men who do not live with a child and help and support the child's mother. Analysis of research results presents several reasons why a man is alienated from the family life. The most frequent reason is the poor mentality of men who can not bear the burden of their child's disability, can not notice any positive aspects in the disability of their son or daughter, do not have knowledge in this area, can not imagine a “normal” life. They are afraid of what they do not know. An important issue is the over-protection of mothers who relegate fathers from upbringing, as well as the lack of universal education towards disability, etc.
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Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni (Asteraceae) and Salvia hispanica L. (Lamiaceae) (chia) are functional foods used worldwide today. Additionally, aerial parts of both plants contain valuable secondary metabolites. Chemical composition of stevia and chia exhibits wide variations depending on geographic region, climatic conditions, time of plant collection etc. Nowadays there is a renewed interest on plants bioactive compounds concerning two important health problems: contamination of the environment with agrochemicals and inability to treat cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate allelopathic and in vitro anticancer activity of water extracts made from the aerial parts of micropropagated stevia and chia grown in Bulgaria in laboratory conditions. The allelopathic potential was evaluated using germination and root/shoot elongation assays and Allium cepa-test. Water extracts of plants tested had no significant influence on seed germination, but affected seedling growth. Chia was more effective in suppressing growth, as compared to stevia. Effective Concentration causing 50% growth inhibition (EC50) value was determined: 11.12 g/l (stevia) and 6.17 g/l (chia). After exposure to extracts (EC50, for 24 h) mitotic indices in root meristem cells were extremely low. In such a case it is not recommended to score chromosomal aberrations. The results of the study revealed that water extract of chia possess much stronger allelopathic activity than stevia. Cytotoxic effect in vitro was evaluated using cell proliferation/viability of human hepatoma cell line SK-HEP-1. In the present study, stevia and chia water extracts had no influence on cancer cell line tested.
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Multiwalled carbon nanotube and Chromium (III) oxide nanocomposite was used as a mediator in glassy carbon electrodes to improve the performance of electrode for the detection of nitric oxide in comparison with unmodified electrodes. The sensor could be operated as a detector in a flow injection analytical setup under physiological conditions (pH 7.5, 0.1 M phosphate buffer) with an operating potential from 800 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), a flow rate of the carrier of 0.4 mL/min and an injection volume of 200 μL. The amperometric response of the sensor showed good linearity up to 200 µM with a sensitivity of about 21.6 nA/µM. The relative standard deviation for the repeatability of measurements for 100 µM NO was 3.9% (n = 10 measurements) and the reproducibility was 12% (n = 5 sensors). The effect of all investigated interferences (nitrite, ascorbic acid, dopamine and L-arginine) was not fatal and at 800 mV the signal ratio of NO/NO2- is around 10. The new sensor was successfully applied to the determination of NO in mice liver homogenisate after addition of L-arginine
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The purpose of the study was to determine the relation to inclusive education involving teachers of both public and special schools. The study was conducted on a sample of 224 teachers. In the study, a diagnostic survey was used with the Scale for Measuring Attitudes towards Inclusive Education. The tool was designed for the purposes of this study and it was analyzed for internal consistency and reliability. A key for the attitudes’ verification was established and it is based on a sten scale. The measured values were treated as the basis for ordering the material in the direction of the attitude. The findings show the neutral attitude in the tested sample and there is no difference observed based on the type of represented school.
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Children with Behavioural, Emotional and Social Difficulties (BESD) are at high risk of experiencing exclusion in both England and Greece. However, this particular category of Special Educational Needs (SEN) has so far received relatively little academic or political attention in comparison to other SEN. This paper attempts to point out the barriers that may prevent the inclusion of children with BESD both in terms of the theoretical conceptualisation of the category itself and in terms of the policies and practices that England and Greece may implement. In order to achieve a further yet coherent picture of the current situation, this paper has identified three different types of factors that may negatively influence inclusion. Therefore, by discussing the possible ideological, structural, and practical challenges, the paper aims to highlight the crucial need for further theoretical insight that would be able to inform and promote the establishment of a more cohesive and efficient legislative framework for pupils with BESD in both countries.
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Legal arrangements about the special education carried out in Turkey during the 1980’s are not sufficient. One of the significant advances in this regard is the law on children with need of special education numbered 2916 which came into effect on 12 October 1983. Also, there are legal regulations about the inclusive educational practices. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse the legal regulations on inclusive education in Turkey in the period of 1983-2020. In the study document analysis which is part of the qualitative research methods is employed. The findings of the research show that there have been different circulars about inclusive education at different time preriods and with different content. The findings of the research also show appropriate integration models for the education of children with special needs will be adopted and implemented at special education schools and institutions. These statements indicate the expanded the rights of children with special needs to education.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most researched topics in the last decades. The research led to a better understanding of the field and raised the number of children properly diagnosed. But also, the ASD became a social topic because it affects both families and society as a whole. In this paper, we propose an innovative ecological approach of ASD, based on a holistic approach of it. We recognize the fact that sectorial approaches, such as intervention in school, or family therapy are not sufficient to overcome the ASD. Instead, we propose an ecological model, in which the assessment and interventions are made at individual, family, school and societal level in order to structure a support network for the child and family.
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The inequality s2>- 2R2 + 8Rr + 3r2 is proved in the paper as a generalization of the Gerretsen’s inequality s2 >-r (16R -5r) for non-obtuse triangles.
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To support English language education we propose to develop an intelligent system SYTE (System for Teaching English). Its architecture includes an intelligent agent which uses a database with questions created by the teacher and a graphical interface for access to the application. Students receive randomly chosen test questions on their mobile devices or personal computers at irregular intervals of time and have a time limit to answer them.
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The investigation in question is recorded in a series of thirty-eight register entries on a case of financial malfeasance in recently-conquered Ottoman Egypt that was investigated by officials from Ottoman Syria. This case appears in the oldest existing mühimme defteri, a register of important affairs of the Ottoman Empire, and provides detailed information about how the Ottomans governed their provinces. It lists many of the taxes and revenues collected by the Ottomans and discusses the most important treasury personnel in the province and the documents they created. It also describes how the Ottoman state worked to control those personnel even at a distance and to induce these officials to adhere to concepts of just imperial rule. The article describes the issues in the case and identifies the provincial officials involved in the investigation, the documents they were supposed to collect or create, and the procedures they were commanded to follow. The conclusion examines the implications of the case for our understanding of the place of Syria and Egypt within the wider Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century. This episode presents an instance of the Ottoman integration of newly conquered lands in a period when records are fairly plentiful (in contrast to the conquest of Rumeli, where most of our evidence comes from chronicles written at a later date). Beyond that, this case illuminates the whole issue of how an empire operates and challenges the stereotype of general Ottoman oppression of the conquered territories.
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Emphasis of research was to examine characteristics of behavior of children with cerebral palsy who have important improvement to succeed in the process of learning. Fundamental goal of a research is to investigate latent structure and level of adaptive behavior of children with cerebral palsy. Research was realized in the Center for education Goljak in Zagreb on the simple off 64 pupils with cerebral palsy. Functioning in activity of daily living was examined with application of AAMD scale part I (Nihira et al ,1975 .) To determine latent space of adaptive behavior, factor analysis was applied. Research and obtained results confirm initial hypotesis and open possibility that the transfer of result will be in function of practical educational and rehabilitative form of treatment. Success of programed educational and rehabilitational work is undoubdtly reflected to adaptive behavior of children of and after all it depends on reached intellectual level, sex, chronological age and treatment.
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The children with special needs should be care of every society and more attention should be paid to them. Such children are separated in many communities and go to special schools. Fortunately these schools are decreasing in number, because there intention to include them into regular schools. However, if the degree of retardation is too high and disables them to follow the standard syllabus, they go to special schools. In previous researches great correlations have been spotted between certain anthropological features and levels of retardation. In this work we have concluded that students with the high level of retardation differentiate largely in morphological characteristics and movement abilities. These differences were huge, students with mental retardation were 18 kg heavier than normal students of the same age. That of course had impact on their movement abilities, especially on coordination which is very important for a complete motorical movement. Students with mental retardation have shown a much lower level of movement abilities in general than the students who came from the normal population because the movement abilities are in important correlation with all psychological manifestation in people. By working on developing of movement abilities we ca definitely affect the improvement of their psycho-physic functions.
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Bulgaria is on the verge of its first 4th graders’ participation in the TIMSS 2015 (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) assessment. That is why the analysis of the Curriculum and the representative textbooks is of extreme significance. It is of utmost importance to identify the areas of coincidence, as well as those, where there is a discrepancy in order to align it with the TIMSS 2015 framework. In an attempt to provide such information, in the current article, a brief content analysis is made, and some problem areas are outlined. This could lead to reconsidering the Bulgarian National Curriculum and the respective textbooks in order to improve children’s performance and to develop their knowledge and practical skills.
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Currently it is important to educate and acquire communication skills in a foreign language as for intact students as well as for students with special educational needs. Aim of the paper is to describe the level of language competencies in students with visual impairments educated in secondary schools based on the analysis of external part of graduation exams results.
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The focus of this research was to investigate mothers ’ time involvement in everyday activities of children with developmental difficulties. The purpose of the research was to determine the involvement of parents, relatives and others in the activities of everyday life. The research proceeds from the hypothesis that more time is demanded for helping a child with multiple disabilities with everyday activities. The goal of the research, therefore, was to determine the time involvement in everyday activities of a mother of a child with developmental disabilities. The original hypothesis was that the time involvement in the activities of everyday life of mothers of children with developmental disabilities is significantly greater than that of mothers of children with typical development. This hypothesis was tested on a sample of 30 subjects (15 mothers of children with multiple disabilities, 15 mothers of children with typical development). The children were divided according to chronological age into three groups (YOUNG: 6-12 months old, MIDDLE: 1—3 years old, OLD: 3-5 years old). A research instrument with which everyday activities were tested was designed for the purpose of this study. The basic statistical parameters were calculated for each of the variables using the Kolmogorov-Smimov test. Factor analysis was applied, and differences between the subjects were investigated using robust discriminant analysis. The research clearly shows the difference in the involvement and the number ofactivities performed by mothers in families with children with developmental disabilities compared to the involvement of mothers in families with children with typical development (without developmental disabilities). In the majority of cases care for the child was assumed by the mother; she performs almost all of the activities connected with the child both in families with children with developmental disabilities and in families with children with typical development. It was confirmed that a mother of a child with developmental disabilities statistically spends more time in everyday activities than a mother of a child with typical development. In families with children with typical development child growth and development occurs spontaneously, without difficulties, and greater parental involvement is unnecessary. The research model and the results obtained confirmed the original hypothesis and enable a further conceptualisation of research in the field of special education and rehabilitation.
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Total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols and anthocyanis content and antioxidant activity were quantitatively determined to the Tussilago fatfara (L.) growing wild in Sharr (South part of Kosova). In the tested extracts of plant species Tussilago fatfara (L.) quantitative composition of total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols and anthocyanins were determined by spectrophotometric method. Total phenols determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their amounts in the range of 56.50 mg/g to 84.70 mg/g (expressed as gallic acid equivalent, mg GAE/g). The amounts of flavonoids in plant extracts are in the range of 2.75 mg/g to 8.76 mg/g (expressed as rutin equivalent, mg RE/g).The amount of total flavonols in Tussilago farfara (L.) extracts ranged from 0.21 mg RE/g to 0.51 mg RE/g. The contents of total anthocyanosides in the Tussilago farfara (L) ranged from 1.44 (ethanol extract) to 1.86 (acetone extract) anthocyanins determined as mg yanidin 3-glucoside/g dry weight. Antioxidative activity was determined in vitro, using the DPPH reagent by spectrophotometric method.The results demonstrated that extract RSC was dependent on the solvent polarity, and the type of free radical used in the reaction. The IC50 values extracts in DPPH• assay was from 0.10 mg/ml (ethanol extract) to 0.20 mg/ml (acetone extract).
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