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Predchalcedónska soteriologická kristológia pápeža Leva Veľkého v kontexte dobových teologicko-kultúrnych diskurzov

Author(s): Miloš Lichner / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/2018

Pope St. Leo the Great has substantially influenced the text of the Confession of the Faith accepted by the Council of Chalcedon and used by Eastern and Western Christian Churches. In this study, we analyse Leo‘s pre-Chalcedonian Homiletic Christology. As part of our research, we are interested in his thoughts about the two natures of the Incarnation of the Word of God in his homilies. In addition to this, our study offers relevant source translations into the Slovak language. This way, we intend to enrich the previously missing translations of Church Fathers that are necessary for creation of our own Slovak theological dictionary. The homiletic work of this important pope and theologian allows us not only to perceive the versatility of cultural and educational skills of Church Teachers, but it can also provide methodological bases for the research of spirituality of everyday life at any time during the development of Christian culture in the European environment.

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Руськомовный перевод 1563 года чешского Луцидария: структура и состав текста

Author(s): Sergei (Sergejus) Temchin (Temčinas) / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01/2022

The article focuses on textual characteristics of the recently identified Ruthenian translation, made from a printed edition of the Czech Lucidarius in 1563 and present in two Cyrillic manuscript copies written in the late 16th and the first half of the 17th century. Particular attention is paid to establishing the initial structure of this Ruthenian translation, which reflect its non-extant Czech printed source.

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Elaborarea textelor de către studenții străini care studiază limba română. Provocări și strategii

Author(s): Eliana-Alina Coman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The Romanian language as a foreign language has received special interest from specialists in recent years. The emergence of innovative research and learning materials impose a dynamic in this part of the language. The study “Elaboration of texts by foreign students studying the Romanian language. Challenges and Strategies” is the result of experiences observed in teaching Romanian as a foreign language. Writing activities in Romanian represent a challenge both in terms of the written use of assimilated knowledge and in terms of the need to stimulate students' creativity. The situations noted in recent years have revealed the impediments encountered by students in writing texts in Romanian. The first part of the study presents the situation of the elaboration of the texts in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and in the bibliography concerning the teaching of foreign languages. The second part of the study brings a series of strategies to solve the difficulties encountered by the students. These are camouflaged within exercises to stimulate students' interest in writing texts in Romanian. Writing texts based on a plan from images is a strategy used in a multitude of existing materials, and studies aimed at this strategy have proven its use. The exercises proposed in the second part are intended to answer the difficulties of foreign students in the elaboration of texts in Romanian. The end of the study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using the proposed creative strategies.

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"Deidamia Achilli" – średniowieczny dialog z "Heroidami" Owidiusza w przekładzie na język polski

Author(s): Monika Miazek-Męczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article presents the first translation into Polish of an anonymous medieval poem entitled Deidamia Achilli. It belongs to the rich tradition of continuation and imitation of Ovid’s Heroides. The dependencies of the medieval text on Ovid’s elegies (especially Her. III) are shown, as well as its connections with Statius’ Achilleis.

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Ново издањe Маретићевог превода Налопакхјане?

Author(s): Orsat Ligorio / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 52/2023

The paper discusses the extent of interventions that would require a new, improved edition of Maretić's fundamental 1924 translation of the ancient Indian Nalopakhyana, The Song of King Nala.

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TRANSLATION/INTERPRETING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND CANDIDATE COUNTRIES PREPARING FOR MEMBERSHIP: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES

Author(s): Olivera Vušović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The aim of this paper is to establish an overview of the challenges and perspectives that arise from a complex multilingual system of the EU that includes 24 official languages. After a brief history of translation, we consider the current practices in the European institutions. In regard to the preparation for accession, we compare the experiences of today’s members of the Union with the candidate countries of BCMS languages. Furthermore, we analyse the data provided by the Directorate-General for Interpretation concerning the number and linguistic combinations of conference interpreters for Slovenian and Croatian, on the one hand, and Bosnian, Macedonian, Montenegrin and Serbian, on the other hand, which finally leads us to the examination of some educational perspectives.

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Osvrt na prijevod Sv. Pisma nadbiskupa Josipa Stadlera (1895)

Author(s): Ljudevit Lauš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 61/2024

Sveto pismo Novoga zavjeta. Knjiga I. Sveto evangjelje po Mateju. Preveo po Vulgati i protumačio Dr. Josip Stadler, metropolita i nadbiskup Vrhbosanski Tiskom „Bosanske pošte“ a troškom Vrhbosanskoga kaptola u Sarajevu o uzkrsu bi dovršena navedena knjiga, koju je „Vrhbosna“ preko dvie godine nazad naviestila i u arcima izdavati počela. Poznato je čitateljima „Vrhbosne“, s kolikim je uzhitom pozdravljena viest o novom prevodu i tumaču sv. pisma sa strane hrvatskih biskupah, svećenikah i drugih Hrvatah koli u Banovini, toli izvan nje, u Dalmaciji, Bosni i Hercegovini, Istri itd. No to se samo po sebi razumi! Davno je već nestalo „Prevoda sa tumačem od Škarića“ tako, da ga je i u bibliotekam riedkost naći, te se i na svećenike moglo naići, koji za Škarića prevod nikad ni čuli nisu; stoga se je viesti o prevodu s tumačem sv. pisma svatko veselio, neki dapače kao prvenčetu hrvatskom u toj struki bogoslovne književnosti.

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JEZIK MARTIĆEVA PRIJEVODA PRIPOVIJETKE BIJEDNI NOVAK

Author(s): Marijana Galić / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 7/2024

The paper studies the language of Martić’s translation of the short story Bijedni Novak (Poor Novak). Namely, Grgo Martić is a Franciscan from Bosna Srebrena who worked tirelessly as a writer, making him the most prolific Franciscan writer of the 19th century. In addition to writing a lot, Martić was also translating. This is no surprise because he was conversant in Latin, Italian, French, Turkish, Hungarian and German. He translated René written by the French romantic writer François-René de Chateaubriand under the title Bijedni Novak. In the ten style verse, it is noted that Martić adapted the translation to the recognizable tone of his literary work, following the Zagreb school of philology, the Central Bosnian idiom, but also the Franciscan writing tradition. The paper therefore analyses the language of Martić’s short story Bijedni Novak through spelling, orthography, phonology, morphology, syntax and lexis. He printed the story in Đakovo in 1886 at the bishop’s printing house.

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Words of Japanese origin in Romanian dictionaries of recent words

Author(s): Anca Focșeneanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In this study, we discuss the status and features of the words of Japanese origin in Romanian, based on Romanian dictionaries of neologisms and recent words. Several studies on different types of dictionaries of European languages show that, in recent decades, most borrowings into Western languages from a language outside the Western cultural space come from Japanese. A careful analysis demonstrates that this tendency can be also identified in the recent lexical dynamics of the Romanian language. First, we outline the context and objectives of the paper and discuss some terminological issues. This is followed by a short historical background and a presentation of the Romanian dictionaries used to collect the corpus. Quantitative information is provided regarding the data from each dictionary. Finally, we proceed to a qualitative analysis of the data.

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An English-Romanian Explanatory Dictionary of Onomastic Phrasemes/Nadia-Nicoleta Morărașu, Floriana Popescu

Author(s): Iulia Veronica Cocu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 29/2024

Book review - An English-Romanian Explanatory Dictionary of OnomasticPhrasemes. By Nadia-Nicoleta Morărașu and Floriana Popescu, ProUniversitaria, București, ISBN 978-606-26-1909-1, 220 pp.

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Explicitation and the translation of English adjectival compounds into Romanian

Author(s): Ruxandra Drăgan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

While English and other Germanic languages make extensive use of compounding as a means of expanding their lexicons, in Romanian and Romance languages, in general, compounding is merely a minor word formation process. For this reason, the translation of English compounds into Romanian is a challenging endeavour that usually involves the spelling out of syntactic and semantic information otherwise implicit in the original derivatives. Building on these ideas, the present paper explores the translation strategies employed to render deverbal -ed adjectival compounds into Romanian. It is shown that the typological differences between the two languages lead translators to adopt strategies which, to a large extent, entail obligatory explicitation (see Klaudy & Károly 2005, Klaudy 2003, 2009, 2017, Molés-Cases 2019, etc.), though cases of implicitation are not excluded.

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ВЕЉКО МИЛИЋЕВИЋ И ГИ ДЕ МОПАСАН: ЈЕДНА МОГУЋА ПАРАЛЕЛА

Author(s): Jelena V. Jovanović,Stanislav R. Stanković,Selena Stanković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Par le biais d’une analyse littéraire et traductologique examinée d’une manière parallèle, nous avons essayé de répondre sous divers aspects à certaines questions provoquées par la relation créative entre Veljko Milićević et Guy de Maupassant. L’impulsion, venue de la traduction du conte français Le Horla faite par Milićević et d’une courte note avant la traduction, s’est avérée très fructueuse, révélant que l’écrivain serbe était un bon connaisseur des langues serbe et française, des circonstances littéraires françaises, mais aussi un destinataire attentif des œuvres de Maupassant. En transférant Le Horla de sa version française à la version serbe, les valeurs du contenu, les qualités stylistiques et expressives de l’original et en évoquant ainsi l’atmosphère originale d’inquiétude et d’inconfort, Milićević a réussi à rapprocher les lecteurs serbes du début du 20e siècle de la poétique de la littérature moderne de l’Europe occidentale à l’époque, en s’inspirant en même temps de cette poétique. Ce n’est pas un hasard si l’attention de l’analyse traductologique est dirigée vers les unités linguistiques qui dans Le Horla désignent des phénomènes inhabituels, miraculeux et magiques, le sentiment de peur, d’horreur et d’appréhension, l’état d’anxiété et d’hallucinations, l’inconscient et l’irrationnel – elles représentent les points nodaux de la stratification esthétique, sémantique et émotionnelle du texte. Le travail de traduction a évidemment incité Milićević à relier plus étroitement sa poétique de Bespuće, créée trois ans après la traduction du Horla, à Maupassant. L’analyse comparative détaillée a montré que le jeune écrivain a tiré de la nouvelle le noyau thématique et idéologique, les procédures de caractérisation psychologique, l’accent mis sur le monde intérieur du héros dont les actions étaient complètement libérées de la motivation réaliste qui prévalait jusque-là ; Milićević suit également la voie du pessimisme maupassantien, un peu celle du naturalisme, jusqu’à certaines fines particularités stylistiques.

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Paratexty v prekladoch Jozefa Hvišča

Author(s): Zuzana Obertová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

This article contributes to the growing interest in the personality and work of translators by exploring paratexts in the translations made by the literary scholar and translator Jozef Hvišč. In all his translations of Polish literature into Slovak, a specific type of peritext appears — an afterword written by him. His erudite peritexts consider translated works in a historical and critical literary context. They demonstrate the reasons why the books were published in translation and enrich the receiving culture.

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Incredulity toward Heroism: Ackroyd as a Gallant Storyteller against the Heroic Tradition

Author(s): Nazan Yıldız / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Heroism as an unremitting subject conquers and even haunts literature as well as history. Historical and fictitious heroes are guiding spirits of human beings regardless of time and geography. Historians and writers have so sternly adhered to the ideals of heroism that this fascination has been transformed into hero worship dating back to antiquity, bringing heroism to the forefront as a metanarrative in history and literature. Particularly contributing to the undying predicament of literature caught between the ideal and the real, causes of heroism have been largely left unquestioned putting heroes in the shoes of a messiah. Peter Ackroyd (1949-), renowned for his historiographic metafictions fashioned within postmodernism, dares to challenge this unimpeached -ism in The Fall of Troy (2006). In the novel, Ackroyd rewrites the history of Troy and introduces an eccentric half-real hero, Heinrich Obermann, against celebrated heroes of history and literature. Accordingly, this paper reads heroism as a metanarrative and delineates how Ackroyd sketches an atypical hero by acting contrary to traditional heroism and heroic literary tradition in his vibrant postmodern parody, The Fall of Troy.

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The Recurring Issue of Aviation English Test Validity: Echoes from Test-takers and Assessors of the English for Aviation Language Testing System in Algeria

Author(s): Tarek Assassi,Tarek Ghodbane / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The English for Aviation Language Testing System (EALTS) is one of the international tests for pilots wishing to operate in international airspace. This test presents a wide range of difficulties for Algerian pilots, but little research has been conducted to estimate its validity. This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) What are test-takers perspectives on the EALTS test construct? and (2) What is the assessors' perception of the testing procedure and test validity? A descriptive study was conducted using qualitative data from a semi-structured questionnaire for ten pilots and a semi-structured interview for three certified assessors and four university researchers. The authors used 'first-hand' data from the targeted sample to cross-check results' validity through triangulation. The results show specific difficulties from an affective dimension, such as stress and anxiety caused by inefficient preparation and unfamiliarity with test tasks. A different interpretation of ICAO descriptions using the rating scale is another issue noted by assessors. Additionally, technical issues with the computer-based listening test and non-compliant features of the test contents with features of the target situation language use are among the main issues noted by both test-takers and assessors.

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Lutter contre le flou : François Villon face à Jozef Felix, son traducteur slovaque

Author(s): Ján Živčák / Language(s): French Issue: Special/2024

This article re-examines the Slovak reception of François Villon against the backdrop of epistemological turns in 19th- and 20th-century medieval studies. The aim is to look at the tensions between positivist and interpretive approaches to Villon and to determine to what extent these epistemes are present in the thinking of Jozef Felix (1913–1977), the translator of Villon’s works into Slovak. Special attention is paid to Felix’s handling of the ambiguity of Villon’s poetry, which stems from the heterogenous profile of its readership as well as from the blurred boundaries between subject and object.

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Les écrits de Maximilian Lamberg à la frontière des genres et des styles

Author(s): Jaroslav Stanovský / Language(s): French Issue: Special/2024

The article deals with the work of Maximilián Lamberg (1729–1792), a Moravian nobleman and scholar of the Age of Enlightenment. Lamberg is the author of about twelve books written in French, which, however, are difficult to classify in terms of genre and style and can therefore be understood as literary “indeterminate” or unclear. In the first part, the article presents Lamberg as a man of his time, a worldly man and a traveler, whose life, however, from today’s point of view is also “indeterminate” due to the lack of sources. In the second part, the article deals with the indeterminacy of Lamberg’s works from several points of view: genre (difficult classification of his books and blurring of boundaries between individual texts), linguistic and stylistic (Lamberg’s French is sometimes unclear, difficult to understand) and narrative and referential (the boundary between Lamberg-narrator and Lamberg-author is sometimes hard to find). In the end, the text states the contribution of Lamberg’s texts as a testimony of the phenomenon of “French Europe” and of the atmosphere of his time, conveniently called the “sociable century”.

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EMERGENCY STUDENT PRACTICUM DURING THE PANDEMIC AT SAUDI UNIVERSITIES

Author(s): Reima Al-Jarf / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

This study investigates how emergency practicum was carried out during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the past two years (Spring 2020 to Sprin 2022) in Saudi Arabia. Results of surveys with a sample of instructors from Languages, Translation, Literature, Linguistics, Education and Computer Science Departments at a sample of universities in Saudi Arabia showed that most universities shifted to online (virtual) practicum such as online micro-teaching, online simulated teaching, remote handson teaching using the Saudi Ministry of Education's Platform "Madrasati" that is used for Grades k-12; reduced hours and days of face-to-face teaching practicum and training; a Teacher Mentoring Program for EFL majors and a Cooperative Training Program for linguistics and translation students. Translation students also had the option to translate 14,000 words remotely (at home), discuss and receive feedback online instead of field training in translation. In computer science, the students could complete their face-to-face practicum in small groups during the summer to maintain social distancing or attend 135 hours of online training courses in a variety of computer fields. Recommendations for further emergency practicum solutions are given such as student-created videos and podcasts, delivering lessons via a variety of live-streaming software such as Elluminate, Periscope and Facebook Watch Party, joining professional teachers and translators' forums and pages on social media, developing Apps, robots, and conducting some learning analytics of students' data in distance learning contexts in Saudi Arabian schools and universities; offering courses that prepare students for remote (online) jobs during the Pandemic and beyond.

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Die Übersetzung einiger soziokultureller Begriffe im Lehrevangelium Konstantins von Preslav

Author(s): Lora Taseva / Language(s): German Issue: 1-2/2024

The article studies the ninth-century collection of orations called Uchitel’noe evangelie [Didactic Gospel] that contains both translated and original pieces by Constantine of Preslav. The medieval translator faced an extremely difficult linguistic and cultural task since, on the one hand, he had to render clearly and exactly the Byzantine text and make it understandable to his audience of neophyte Christians. On the other hand, however, he also needed to preserve the richness of the Byzantine source text which was composed in a language with a millennial tradition (Greek) and transmit it to a target text by means of a language whose written history was only about three decades old (Old Church Slavonic). The study focuses on the translation techniques in relation to several sociocultural concepts related to the Hellenistic world: πολιτεία, ἀριστοκρατέομαι, ὀλιγαρχέομαι, ψῆφος, and ψηφίζομαι. Several strategies in their transmission stand out: a) free (contextual) translation (ψηφίζομαι > вѣщати); b) more general semantic correspondences (ἀριστοκρατέομαι > власти); c) lexical differentiation of the semantic nuances of the same word (πολιτεία > житиѥ and жиꙁнь; d) addition of new meanings to existing words (житиѥ ‘way of life in a socium prescribed by certain rules and norms’, жиꙁнь ‘state system’, иꙁдречениѥ ‘decision, judgement’); e) loan translation (ὀλιγαρχέομαι > оумалѣѥмъ бꙑти). In most cases, the Slavic correlate reflects well the semantics of the Greek lexeme in the specific context. The decisions of the Old Bulgarian man of letters are examined in comparison with dozens of other translations from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries. It is found that, due to their contextual nature, most of these correlates remained isolated only in the Didactic Gospel. However, through them, Constantine of Preslav also enriched the Greek-Old Church Slavonic paradigm in the area of lexis.

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Greek Philosophical and Logical Terms in the 10th c. Preslav Translations

Author(s): Ivan Christov / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2024

The article examines the translation of Byzantine texts with logical content in the Preslav School in the 9th and 10th centuries. The way in which 90 Greek terms are rendered, referring to the ontological foundations of logic and above all those with a specific logical meaning, is studied. Slavonic equivalents related to terms in proposition and their hierarchy, propositions themselves as bearers of truth and falsity, logical operations, syllogism and definition are put to examination. There was no norm at that time and the Preslav translators put immense effort to render these most complex and unusual texts. Completely understandable under these circumstances they were not always consistent in word usage. That is why the Preslav translators used 204 Slavonic words and word combinations thus more than doubling (226%) the terminology of translation. A comparison is made of the practice of translation within the school and sceptical remarks are made about the existence of a unified, preconceived and agreed upon register of terms in it. The grounds for this are that out of 42 logical terms in John the Exarch, only 16 match those in the Miscellany of Tzar Simeon and out of 57 terms in the Constantine of Preslav’s translation of the orations against the arians by Athanasius of Alexandria, also only 16 match those in the Miscellany of Tzar Simeon and in the translations by John the Exarch. The article also studies the question of the persistence of the tradition and compares the first translations of the 9th and 10th centuries with those of the “Dialectic” by John Damascene and the “Areopagitics” in the 14th c. It is concluded that the Serbian translators of the 14th c. were quite independent from their Preslav predecessors using only 59 of their terms (29%) and have introduced 138 new ways of rendering the Greek originals. This testifies to the limited uniformity of Slavonic philosophical tradition through the centuries. Therefore, the applicability of Preslav translation forms today needs a conscious appreciation and balanced approach. In this way it can be recognized and properly appreciated.

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