(ЗЛО)УПОТРЕБА НА ПОЕЗИЈАТА: ПОЛИТИЧКИТЕ ПАРТИИ И КОНЕСКИ

Author(s): Loreta Georgievska-Jakovleva / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 72/2018

The starting point of this paper is the impression that Blazhe Koneski’s poetry, in one way or another, has been mentioned often by the members or fans of the political parties in Macedonia. This condition imposes the question: Why is Blazhe Koneski the author that has been constantly (ab)used in political campaigns? Identifying the reasons by looking into his authority, his broad significance and the tendency his poetry to be brought closer to the people, I ask the question: What is so wrong in the use of someone’s poetry so that it becomes abused? By analyzing three separate cases including the requirement of one of the protesters, as reported in the newspaper Republika, the former mayor of the Centre municipality to read Koneski in the campaign-related videos of two parties SDSM and VMRO-DPMNE, we can conclude that the poems “Marko’s Monastery” and “Church” were used for political parties’ reasons on the basis of shallow and incorrect interpretation, while the poems “Teshkoto” and “Prayer require a complex process of transformation where the symbolic meaning has been replaced with communication. All three cases distort the idea and the message by the author and represent examples of the (ab)use of and manipulation with poetry.

The Memory of the Persian Wars through the Eyes of Aeschylus: Commemorating the Victory of the Power of Democracy

Author(s): Eleni Krikona / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The present paper addresses Aeschylus, and the way he wanted to be remembered by his fellow Athenians and the other Greeks. Having lived from 525/524 until 456/455 BCE, Aeschylus experienced the quick transition of his polis from a small city-state to a leading political and military force to be reckoned with throughout the Greek world. The inscription on his gravestone at Gela, Italy, commemorates his military achievements against the Persians, but makes no mention on his enormous theatrical renown. His plays were so respected by the Athenians that after his death, his were the only tragedies allowed to be restaged in subsequent competitions. And yet Aeschylus, when time came to describe himself and the work of his lifetime, mentioned exclusively his contribution in the fight against the Persian Empire as an Athenian. Triggered by the poet’s narrative on his most memorable moment of his life, the present paper seeks to shed some light on the Athenian political identity, emerged during and soon after the Persian Wars, which not only derived from the newly-established democratic constitution of the late sixth century, but also supported it. Aeschylus’ epigram as well as some particular plays of his (the Persians, the Eumenides, and the Suppliants), narrates the confidence, the solidarity and the feeling of equality the Athenian citizens shared in regards to the defence of freedom of their polis as well as of all Greece, which came above anything else in their life, meaning above noble lineage and wealth. The gravestone of the poet stresses, in other words, how it felt like for an Athenian to live during the emergence of the very first Democracy that progressively supported the claim of Athens to become a ruler in the Aegean, by constructing its naval "Empire", ideologically upon the commemoration of the victory of the Athenian Democracy against the tyranny of Persia at Marathon and Salamis.

English and Serbian Nominal Finite and Non-Finite Clauses in Contrast

Author(s): Ljiljana Janković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This paper explores the extent to which Serbian tertiary-level EFL students avoid using English non-finite nominal clauses. It is comprised of a theoretical part, which describes and classifies English and Serbian nominal finite and non-finite clauses with the purpose of contrasting them as regards their syntactic functions of subject and complements, and an empirical part, which presents the results of the empirical research conducted. The method used is contrastive analysis together with description and classification. The contrasting model obtained in this way leads to the conclusion that English and Serbian nominal clauses differ in the number of the specific syntactic functions they perform as well as in the variety of forms. These results were tested in the empirical research conducted with tertiary-level Serbian students of English who translated the Serbian nominal finite clauses from the questionnaire into English, divided in two groups: the experimental and the test group. The analysis of the empirical research is based on the principle of whether students used finite or nonfinite nominal clauses in their translation. The results of the theoretical analysis have been confirmed by the empirical results since the students generally avoided using English nominal non-finite clauses when translating the sentences from the questionnaire.

L’interprétation des unités phraséologiques entre combinatoire interne et emploi co-textuel : le cas des unités adverbiales polylexicales

Author(s): Lassaad Oueslati / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2018

We will study, in this paper, the semantic functioning of phraseological adverbial units. How can they create meaning within their external combinations? What relationship do they have with the units that surround them? Do they impose semantic constraints on the units constituting their co-text? What are the factors of semantic variation of these units? By switching meaning, do these units change their function? We will attempt to answer these questions by describing a corpus of adverbial units according to the methodological approach of the theory of the three primary functions.

THE ABUSE OF NEOLOGISMS IN THE CURRENT ROMANIAN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Ioana-Steliana Tătulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2018

Language is constantly moving. This movement is called the dynamic language. While some words get older, other words take their place. With time, they become archaisms, and the vocabulary needs new words that can express changes in society, economic, social and cultural changes. Therefore, the vocabulary is constantly renewed, and the language becomes richer, more expressive, more precise. Among the methods of enriching a vocabulary an important place is occupied by neologisms. Abuse of neologisms is a deviation from the general quality of the individual style called purity. The present paper aims to talk about the abuse of neologisms, namely about luxury neologisms.

Los juegos de palabras en la publicidad de aerolíneas españolas e hispanoamericanas: una propuesta de clasificación.

Author(s): Aleksandr Dziuba / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 8/2017

The main objective of this paper is to examine the characteristics of the wordplay used in airliners advertising slogans in Spanish speaking countries. The research also provides a formal classification of the whole set of devices that can be called wordplay and a new typology of puns based on the subject of punning.

Una aproximación comparativa: la equivalencia métrica en la traducción de los versos españoles a la lengua serbia

Author(s): Željko Donić / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 9/2018

In this article we examine possible metric equivalences between Spanish and Serbian poetic forms. A comparative approach to the metrical and poetic traditions intends to systematically point out the (dis) advantages encountered by the translator during the process of translating versified Spanish poetry into Serbian. To obtain a wider picture of the general principles of the two versifications, the first part of the work presents a metric comparison of several Serbian and Spanish verses phenomena (prosody, rhythmic vocabularies, rhythm, rhyme, caesura, etc.), summarizing positions of the relevant theorists of the two traditions in question. Based on this comparative reflection, the second part presents a brief summary of the most important Spanish meters, indicating the appropriate and equivalent ways to transfer them into the Serbian language.

Propaganda jako termin naukowy polskiej politolingwistyki

Author(s): Gabriela Dudek-Waligóra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2018

The purpose of the article is to provide definitions of the concept propaganda and to explain the reasons for its controversial status as a scientific term describing contemporary political texts. In lexicographic works and in the literature in the field of political linguistics, propaganda is not understood unambiguously. Polish researchers define propaganda as the spreading of some views, particular political beliefs or attitudes, as well as attempts to influence behaviour by means of persuasive and/or manipulative nature. Propaganda has negative connotations associated with its flourishing in authoritarian regimes, where it was accompanied by censorship and government control of the mass media. In Polish political linguistics, the analyzed phenomenon refers predominantly to the socialist language, but polemical voices are also heard, emphasizing the inherent entanglement of politics and propaganda and the presence of propaganda in democratic regimes, where it serves the purposes of gaining and retaining power. The term propaganda is thus not neutral and as such, according to the author, should not be used as a scientific term.

Cicero on vices

Author(s): Arina Bragova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The article analyses Cicero’s use of vices (avaritia, crudelitas, audacia, luxuria/luxuries, invidia, superbia, licentia, libido), which form the core of Cicero’s ethical, philosophical, political and juridical conceptual apparatus. Avaritia (“lust for money”) is often combined with libido, crudelitas, audacia and luxuria. It is opposed to the Stoic ethical categories (honestas, fortitudo, diligentia, etc.) and the Roman ethical and political categories (amicitia, imperium, lex, etc.). Crudelitas goes together with the words denoting crimes, vices, tyrants/usurpers or unjust war. Cicero contrasts crudelitas with some ethical categories (virtus, honestas, misericordia, etc.) as well as political and juridical ones (auctoritas, dignitas, lex, etc.). Audacia is used in a positive (“courage”) and negative meanings (“impudence”). In the negative sense it goes together with the words designating crime or atrocity (scelus, crimen, facinus, etc.), other vices or negative emotions (improbitas, libido, impudentia, etc.), or with pecunia (in the meaning of “lust for money”). It is opposed to positive ethical, philosophical, political or juridical categories (dignitas, lex, auctorita, etc.). Luxuria as a vice designates “lust for luxury”. It is combined with other vices (avaritia, licentia, superbia, etc.) and opposed to virtues (egestas, parsimonia). In the meaning of “debauch” or “lechery” it is used with libido, voluptas and cupiditas. It is used in the same context with the semantic fields of idleness (desidia, ignavia, inertia) and crime (scelus, crimen, flagitium). For Cicero, invidia is “hatred” or “envy”, the most common and perpetual vice. It is interchangeable with invidentia. Cicero often links invidia with odium, misericordia, iracundia, obtrectatio, periculum and opposes to gloria. There are different types of invidia: to worthy people, tyrants, rich people. Superbia has a negative meaning of “superciliousness”, as well as a positive one (“pride”). As a vice, it is used in a synonymic series with arrogantia and insolentia, can be combined with crudelitas, contumacia and contumelia, or contrasted with sapientia and liberalitas. Licentia can have a positive meaning of “liberty” (every third example). In most cases, it is a vice (“promiscuity”, “self-will”). In the negative sense it is sometimes synonymous to libertas, goes together with the words denoting crime (scelus, injuria, facinus), with pecunia as a source of profit as well as other vices or negative emotions (voluntas, libido, impunitas, etc.). It is opposed to certain positive categories (judicium, libertas, lex, etc.). Cicero’s antithesis of licentia-servitus means permissiveness of an official opposed to slavery of his subordinates. There are some other antitheses: licentia–libertas, licentia–lex, licentia–gloria. Libido is mostly a political category for Cicero: it is abuse of power of bad rulers (Caesar), tyrants (Tarquin the Proud and his family), governors (Verres), senators (Catiline), judges. It is used together with scelus, crudelitas, audacia, etc., and contrasted with auctoritas, religio, lex, etc. In ethical and philosophical discourse libido means “lust”, “excessive bodily passion”, or “passionate desire” and goes together with flagitium, scelus, avaritia, etc. As a vice, libido is opposed to pudicitia, religio, temperantia, etc. In philosophical reasoning about enjoyment, Cicero uses the term in a neutral sense, referring to libido as a bodily passion opposed to spiritual pleasure.

Лексикологични етюди 11

Author(s): Boris Parashkevov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Медийният дискурс между езика и емоцията

Author(s): Mariana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

The media discourse being a modern rhetoric form expresses to a great extent the power of language, since it contributes to the formation of the public language speaking. The responsibility of Linguistics is to monitor the language status quo within the communication network of the media discourse and to be its partner in the name of language and the future of the language as a phenomenon of the nation and the state system. If the media discourse is a neo-rhetoric, then the monitoring is a meta-rhetoric.

Вече говоря като българин

Author(s): Elena Hadzhieva,Reni Manova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

The aim of this article is to represent the results of purposive survey questionnaires for foreign students. The results of the survey show whether the students understand the meaning of the so-called new idioms in Bulgarian. Idioms are an important part of everyday Bulgarian. They come up all the time in both written and spoken language. Idioms don’t always make sense literally and students will need to familiarize themselves with the meaning and usage of each idiom. The most important methodological procedure is to provide idioms in context, so students can fully understand the meaning.

Отрицателните местоимения в контекста на релевантността

Author(s): Alexandra Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

This article aims to critically examine two articles by Lashkova (Лашкова 1977, 1998). The interest in them is inspired by the fact that the negative pronouns are considered contrastively in the context of relevance. The author analyzes the possibilities of skipping the negative pronouns in the sentence with and without changing its meaning. She suggests three degrees of relevance. I am interested in the redundancy usages of the negative pronouns (which is the third degree of relevance).

Спортната лексика в отразяването на политически новини

Author(s): Katerina Voynova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Desiring to attract a larger audience, online media resort to various strategies. One of the techniques to influence the readers is to employ sports vocabulary when covering political news. Sports terms and connotations are easy to understand and widely used by the general public. So journalists use sports metaphors in order to talk about the conflicts and achievements of politicians.

Художественият и специализиран превод в новото помагало за чуждестранни българисти. (Elena Krejčová, Nadezhda Stalyanova. Kouzlo a umění překladu. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2018. 80 стр.)

Author(s): Radost Zhelezarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Румяна Лютакова. Нова българска и румънска лексика след 1989 г. София: Унив. изд. „Св. Климент Охридски“, 2018. 591 стр.

Author(s): Vasilka Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Единадесета международна научна конференция „Проблеми на устната комуникация“

Author(s): Velin Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Manuscrisul Miniat Penticostar al Mitropolitului Anastasie Crimca

Author(s): George V. Palade / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05+08/2017

This study continues the series of descriptions of XVIIth century slavo-romanian manuscripts belonging to Metropolitan Anastasie Crimca of Moldavia already published. The presentation of this particular manuscript – to be found nowadays in the State Library Museum of History in Moscow – helps us to understand better the richness scholarly activity of this bishop, and the activity of the Moldavian Scriptorium in those times. Created for the monastery of Dragomirna near Suceava, this unique book, which contains several miniatures, is described and analysed in all his details.

ОБЩИЕ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ЭТНОНИМЫ ЭВЕНОВ: ИСТОРИКО-ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ

Author(s): Mikhail Spartakovich Teikin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1 (178)/2019

The study of Northern indigenous small-numbered peoples, their languages’ peculiarities and tribal relations, names and self-names as a scientific phenomenon commenced in the first half of the 17th century, from the moment of the earliest contacts of Russian pioneers with the natives. Previous ages researchers have differentiated various Northern peoples; unfortunately, it has not been done thoroughly all the times. Thus, until the 20th century, the contemporary Evens and Evenks were often intermixed and commonly referred to as the Tunguses, which did not reflect Russian North-Eastern ethnic diversity properly. This article deals with archaic and modern Evens’ ethnonyms, both spread among all representatives of this ethnic group and regional ones, circulating on limited territories.Herein is set forth the research of the Evens’ names origins and the analysis of their former titles with reasons inspired in the20th century to change the name of one of the Northern indigenous small-numbered peoples. The article also considers the problem of the Evens’ self-names, which up to the middle of the previous century competed for being the only general ethnonym in Russian.In conclusion, the author gives a presumption why the self-name Even was eventually chosen as general one.

Hadim Hajdar-paša: zaboravljeni vezir sultana Sulejmana Zakonodavca

Author(s): Muamer Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 67/2018

In the literature dealing with the history of the Ottoman Empire, there are many important personalities, whose life and work is very little known or completely unknown. This paper aims, based on available data from different sources, to present the details of the life of Hadim Haydar Pasha, who belongs to the aforementioned group of Ottoman dignitaries. It should be emphasized that he belonged to a narrow group of people who officially represented the very top in the power structure at the time of Sultan Suleyman's rule. In the opinion of most historians, this is the time when the Ottoman state was at the peak of power. Hadim Haydar Pasha was brought to the Ottoman court as a young man, and after having been educated for many years, he was appointed to a significant court office, and later to the high position of the third vizier. He was dismissed for charges of supporting prince Mustapha. After a while, he was recruited as a commander of a sanjak. He was first named as a commander of a sanjak of Smederevo and later was moved to the same position in the sanjak of Herzegovina. Actually, this duty was his last career assignment. Since Haydar Pasha's relationship with the grand vizier, Rustem Pasha has a decisive impact on his career in this paper this issue is also analyzed.