Пива потопи себе

Author(s): Radojka Cicmil-Remetić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 24/2017

В настоящей работе мы попробовали сохранить память о всех именуемых пунктах, попавших в затопление водохранилища, построенного в 1975 году, когда река Пива в своем верхнем течении запружена плотиной Мратинье – одной из самых высоких в Европе (220 м). В результате возникшее «Пивское озеро», длиной с 45 километров, затопило не только большую часть великолепного каньона Пивы, а и каньоны ей притоков Комарницы, Вербницы, Буковицы и Синьца, вместе с городком Плужине и окрестными деревнями (Магуде, Градац, Крстац, Миоч, Крушево, Сињац). Таким способом уничтожены между прочим многие памятники природы: луга, ручья, источники, в том числе минеральные, на пример Илиджа. Самая главная достопримечательность области, Пивский монастырь, сооруженный в 16 веке, перемещен на новое место вместе со своей стенной росписью. На новом, более возвышеном месте, построен снова и городок Плужине, куда теперь приходят туристы, любуясь рукотворными красотами ГЭС «Пива» и Пивским озером, отличающимся чистотой горной воды синего и зеленого цвета.

Gli Italianismi nell'arbëresh di albune communità albanofone della calbria

Author(s): Emilia Conforti / Language(s): Italian Issue: 35/2017

Italo-albanian dialect is influenced by Italian language because they are in contact; Italian presence in arbëresh is about lexicon, about syntax and about the information structure.It is historical linguistic minority idioma and it has different varieties with many different characteristics.The Italian influence is substantial but it shows an important link with the original language, in fact, the loans have the Albanian grammatical structure.A new linguistic code was formed.

Bashkëveprimi i domenit emëror dhe foljor

Author(s): Teuta Abrashi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

Traditionally, regarding the category of aspect, an event is considered completed or uncompleted by the presence or absence of an affix to the verb, codifying it on the morphological level. Codification however can be done alternatively: through interaction of the nominal and verbal domain. As a consequence, in some languages which already lost their aspectual marking at verbal ending, aspect is accomplished in the syntactic and semantic level, using instead the compositionality principle. This article shows that Albanian, compared to German and other Anglo-Saxon languages, which use only so called compositional aspect, have a hybrid system. That is, on the specific temporal dislocation of an event characterized through the verb, its aspect is coming into effect compositionally or morphologically, an occurrence which is present in Roman languages as well.

Varieteti në zhdukje: rasti i së folmes së Rugovës

Author(s): Haki Hysenaj / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

The purpose of this study is to describe the linguistic variety of Rugova area of Peja. This variety represents the continuum of Northwestern Gegë variety. In the last two decades there has been a great lingering change of this variety due to population migration in the city of Peja and its surroundings as well as changes of social circumstances, and permanent contact with Northeastern Gegë speakers which are main factors that have affected this linguistic change.The change is evidenced by field research surveys which were conducted in the first part of 2016. The analysis of the corpus shows that only the old generation still uses this variety, while medium and young generation speak Northeastern Gegë variety, with pronounced tendencies of greater use of standard Albanian variety.The study shows that Rugova's speech is at a final phase of extinction for its users.

Variacioni gjuhësor si objekt shqyrtimi në shkencat e ligjërimit - Analiza e diskursit si bashkëplotësuese e shqyrtimeve në Sociolinguistikë)

Author(s): Merita Plangarica,Tomorr Plangarica / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

This paper aims at highlighting the contribution of the discourse analysis (as complementary to the studies made in the field of sociolinguistics) in studying certain aspects of the language variations, the written discourse in particular. Considering that generally the main goal of discourse analysis is to study the outcome obtained in the process of conversational exchanges or written texts (while sociolinguistics is focused primarily in studying genuine speaking examples in a certain social context), this paper presents the discourse analysis tendency in the context of Albanian language studies and its discourse patterns, in order to enable functional analysis of different language variations, mainly of written texts, but not limited to them.

Problemet kryesore dhe llojet e gabimeve në mësimdhënien e shqipes si gjuhë e huaj

Author(s): Merima Krijezi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

The paper is devoted to the study of errors and analysis of problems faced by students of the Albanian language, which are not native speakers of Albanian, in the process of translating from Albanian to Serbian and vice versa. The success of the process, which we call translating, depends on many factors, among which good knowledge of the language system (grammatical and lexical) of both languages, source as well as target language, including the knowledge of the out language reality and the context, take a crucial place.The aim of the paper is to analyze those elements of the language system that are the bearers of the intent in these two languages and to clarify the relationship between the lexical and grammatical categories of the Albanian and Serbian languages, which may be the cause of possible mistakes and problems in translation. In this paper, we are analyzing examples of errors that are characteristic for the beginner levels, as well as higher levels of mastering the Albanian language - errors that arose as a result of the discrepancy between the corresponding language categories (indefinite and definite article of the noun, the inconsistency of the genus of correspondent nouns, the correspondent with the broader meaning range, etc.).

Gjuha standarde dhe dialektet - Rast i shqipes

Author(s): Xhavit Beqiri / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

In any ideology, in every regime, there is a special way of perceiving the writing, the meaning and the value of words. Each time has its own speech (language form/thought), and the first job that a new Government embarks on is to‘overthrow’ the existing order of speech and the function thereof so as to introduce a ‘new speech’, which suits its own interests of course. The current standard Albanian variety is anew speech, because, being arbitrary, as any standard is, it has overturned the previous speech/discourse. Standard language always stands against natural language. Being an external, arbitrary interference with the normal course of language, it overrides the existing diversities of a language, and, despite tendencies to qualify it as the ‘the only true language there is’, it only remains one of the many language varieties. In the Albanian case, at least in terms of communication competency as per applied language, it turns out that the ‘true language’ is not that‘true’! 45 years on from the Albanian Congress of Spelling of 1972, the standard Albanian variety, or the Unified Standard Language (USL), as the linguists of the former communist system use to dub it, remains a ‘new language’, an ‘official language’ (G. Orwell). This variety, therefore, is more a language of practitioners, for ordinary Albanian speakers do not have the communication competency that complies with the norm, with the standard.

Gjuha dhe diskursi akademik

Author(s): Rifat Krasniqi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

This paper is an attempt to describe and assess the language and discourse that takes place in classes of citizenship education in the tenth grade of a high school in Pristina. Basically, the language used in the classroom is always academic as are the contents and the discourse developed during the education process. The paper, however, concludes that the language used in the class differs greatly from the language used in the textbook. The paper describes and assesses the manner in which discourse is produced and controlled by the teacher as well as linguistic tools used to build cohesion and coherence. The use of discourse markers as well as discourse strategies that are used to facilitate understanding are also subject matter of this paper.

Do të punoj dhe do punuar - modaliteti dhe referencat kohore

Author(s): Ardita Berisha,Kadire Binaj / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

Modal verb do (will) can construct two verbal structures: do + verb in subjunctive: do të punoj and do + past participle: do zgjidhur. Although both the verbal structures represent the reference of the future time, being such a structure only the first one is treatedin the Albanian Grammar (ASHASH, 2001). Since they are futuristic, they are well marked for the modal nuances they contain. Hence, sentence Genci do të marrë pjesë në garë., marks an unreal action, which is expected to happen after the moment of speech. In the modal aspect, the modal verb do can be interpreted in several ways: - as epistemic, expressing the basis of authenticity for the validity of this proposition, the speaker expresses a conclusion from the knowledge acquired by the contextual factors: Genci do të marrë pjesë në garë (since he always participates in such competitions) but it can also be interpreted as deontic, as a compulsory action, - when the subject (Genci) is forced/ordered to participate in the race. If the speaker is the one who allows the subject to participate in the contest, then the sentence may be interpreted as a deontic modality that expresses allowance. In the sentence Genci do ta kalojë Agonin në garën e vrapimit (Genci will surpass Agon in the running race) - the verb do expresses dynamic modality, Genc's ability to surpass Agon. However, the verbal structure do të punoj, does not always contain future reference: (Tani) ajo do të jetë në shtëpi ((Now) She will be home) (since the car is in the yard). -The speaker expresses a speculation, based on some of the information known to him. There is a presupposed truth basis, but it is on a supposition level - therefore, a weak epistemic modality is expressed. Being at home refers to the moment of his talking which expresses a time reference for the present. The structure do zgjidhur always expresses the time reference of the future: Kjo çështje do zgjidhur shpejt (This issue will be solved quickly) in which the action will happen in the future. Since the verb do in this sentence emphasizes the necessity of the fact that the matter needs to be solved, it indicates deontic modality, and within deontic it always signifies compulsion.

Prirje zhvillimore të gjuhës përmes varieteteve

Author(s): Helena Grillo,Kledi Shegani / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

The reciprocal relations with the non standard variations of the language have been and are still the main ways to enrich the language development. In the circles of the linguists very often are treated various issues on the relations of the dialect with the language, mainly in the lexical direction. The contact of the standard language with the patois variants raises the discussion of two philosophies which are incompatible with each other: on one hand is the philosophy of including all the national linguistic values in the standard language, and on the other hand the theory of non mixing both systems. This study aims to give its contribution into the deep research of the varieties of the spoken language, by researching the spoken language directly, by studying the directions of the movement mainly those lexical and the linguistic reality that present these movement, based on Comsky’s view, who states that languages are internal and individual. According to Comsky, the language does not have a scientific reality, but is an entity with a general meaning, and there are no criteria to identify both variants of language, identical or different, as there does not exist “one language”, “one linguistic standard” external for the individuals, as all languages are internal and individual. At the end of the study, the analyses of the dialect trends help us to directurw the movement direction related to the active lexicon and the trends of development of the standard language.

Leksiku i shqipes letrare të shekujve XV - XVII

Author(s): Vaide Kqiku - Hoxha / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

This study focuses on the research of the lexis of the official Albanian language of the centuries XVI-XVIII. One of the main goals of this paper is to compare today's Albanian vocabulary with that of the XVI-XVIII centuries, in order to create a dictionary as product deriving from the documented material. This contribution would be linked to the creation of a dictionary which enlist the initial use of words. It is of crucial importance to study the lexis of the official Albanian language of the XVI-XVIII centuries because it shed light on the state of Albanian language in the XVI-XVIII centuries and makes it possible to deal with the language from a diachronic point of view, serves as a link between the past and the present and documents the historical lexis of the Albanian language. The lexis of the old authors is, among other things, a document of the official Albanian language in different periods of time in history, which provides documented material that would create a historical dictionary of the Albanian language. Besides the importance of studying the linguistic language of the Albanian language of the centuries XVI-XVIII, the research of the official Albanian lexis of c. XVI-XVIII also serves as a corpus for the first lexical documentation of the Albanian language, thus marking the source of the first use of lexical units in today's dictionaries. Nevertheless, taking into consideration the lexical and phonetical changes that may have occur in a period of more than 450 years.

E drejta e autorit dhe interneti: prona intelektuale, rasti Kosova

Author(s): Ibrahim Berisha / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

This article focuses on the topic of intellectual property and author’s rights in the epoch of the internet. Internet services have become easily accessible after 2000 in Kosovo as well, and this had led to problems of managing intellectual property and the copyrights of the author including the relationship between the work (as property), the market and the public. Technological advancement transformed editing, transmitting and communication techniques, thus challenging the classic standards of protecting the rights of the author. Opportunities at copying, plagiarizing, fraudulence, falsification, etc. of both material and immaterial culture were widely spread: books or sections of books, audiovisual sources, architecture, etc. Works or sections of works can easily be found in electronic pages, in online communication, regardless of the approval of the editor or the author. This paper will treat both the regulatory and self-regulatory norm and the effect of their application in protecting the rights of the editor and the rights of the author in Kosovo. Challenges on a fundamental reform of the existing system will also be addressed with the purpose of adaption with the dynamic developments of digital technology.

Международните конгреси на филолозите слависти (V част)

Author(s): Ivan Kucarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The organization and the holding of the XVІth International Congress of Slavists in Beograd (Serbia) is described in the article. The topics discussed in the forum have been covered in full and all speakers have been mentioned (in most cases with the topic of the speech); special attention is paid to the Bulgarian participation in the sessions.

За термина структуралист в българския, руския и френския език

Author(s): Dimitar Vesselinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

Хилмар Валтер на 85 години

Author(s): Tsvetomira Venkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

Библиография на трудовете на Милена Попова

Author(s): Ludmila Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

Юбилейна конференция "Българският език – история, настояще, бъдеще", 27–29 септември 2018 г., Шумен

Author(s): Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

Международна конференция „Новаторски подходи към чуждоезиковото обучение“, Комотини 2018 г.

Author(s): Valentin Geshev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

Конференция "Балканские языки и диалекты: корпусные и квантитативные исследования"

Author(s): Maria Morozova,Aleksandr Yu. Rusakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2018

Съдържание на годишнина XLIII (2018) на списание Съпоставително езикознание

Author(s): Ina Mihaylova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018