По въпроса за дефинирането на салафизма и неговите разновидности

Author(s): Simeon Evstatiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2017

The study introduces a definition of Salafism from the perspective of Islamic intellectual history by analyzing specific ideas, cases, processes and entanglements in Muslim theology and jurisprudence. The essay considers the ongoing scholarly debates within Middle Eastern and Islamic studies by simultaneously scrutinizing Arabic-Islamic sources to delineate a set of key relevant Muslim theological and legal debates. The analysis tackles some major issues of the typology and classification of the Salafī movement. Thus, the issue of the enigmatic and ambivalent character of the term Salafism is touched upon insofar as the concept is still applied in a too vague manner to some modernist reformers from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century as well as to the markedly different contemporary Salafī movement encompassing a wide range of individuals and groups, including political formations like the Nūr Party in Egypt or jihadist groups, such as the Islamic State (IS). In so doing, the analysis also re-examines some conceptualizations of Islam, and particularly Salafism, within Western social thought.

ПОЛИТИЧКИ ЖИВОТ У БОСАНСКОМ ЕЈАЛЕТУ (1815–1822) – СРПСКО И АУСТРИЈСКО ТУМАЧЕЊЕ

Author(s): Bratislav Teinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2020

The paper, which largely relies on the reports of Austrian consul in Travnik baron Simbshen, outlines the political life in the Bosnia Eyalet over the seven-year period of viziership of Ali Pasha Darendeli, Hurshid Ahmed Pasha, Suleiman Pasha of Uskoplje, Morali Becir Pasha, Dervish Mustafa Pasha Makranedzi, Mehmed Rushdi Pasha and Ali Dzhelaluddin Pasha. The consulted archival material from the Archive of Serbia in Belgrade helped gain a deeper insight into the political relations between Bosnian viziers with the controversial Serbian prince Miloš.

ПОЛОЖАЈ ХРИШЋАНСКЕ РАЈЕ ПОД ОСМАНСКОМ ВЛАШЋУ

Author(s): Milena Žikić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 35/2021

By studying the position of the Christian people under Ottoman rule, we wanted to give as complete an insight as possible into their position, as well as their role in the Ottoman Empire. It is clear that the expansion of the Ottoman Empire caused a change in the way of life, as well as the status of the population. The Serbs found themselves in such a huge and strong Empire, who, after the extinction of the last hope for a free life, faced numerous troubles and fiscal obligations. It is often pointed out that the Ottomans, skillfully using their maxim to rule the conquered area for as long as possible, managed to extract the maximum tax from the conquered Christian people and cut it as realistically as possible. Four groups of taxes speak about the obligations of the people towards the Ottoman state: ordinary monetary obligation, agricultural-production obligation; free and extraordinary obligation, to which this work is dedicated.

Прелазак на ислам становништва Горе и Опоља, према османским катастарским пописима

Author(s): Tatjana Katić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

The Islamisation of the population of two neighbouring regions south of Prizren, Gora and Opolje, occurred in varying degrees during the centuries-long rule of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. In Gora, inhabited by the Slavic population, it was extremely slow, while in Opolje, inhabited by the Albanians, it was incomparably more intensive. This paper aims to elucidate, based on the analysis of the Ottoman 15th and 16th century cadastral registers, the factors that affected the rate of conversion to Islam among the inhabitants of these two former Serbian medieval counties (župas), later Ottoman nahiyes. Among the most important are the highly developed church organisation in the region of Gora on the one hand, and on the other hand, the proximity of Prizren, the military and administrative centre of the Prizren Sanjak in which high ranking officials of Opolje origin operated.

Принос към изследванията на салафизма

Симеон Евстатиев. Салафизмът в Близкия изток и границите на вярата . София, Изток-Запад, 2018. 638 с.

Author(s): Yordan Peev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Book Review

ПРОБЛЕМА КУЛЬТУРЫ КРЫМСКОГО ХАНСТВА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ГУМАНИТАРНОМ НАУЧНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

Author(s): Meryem Idrisova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The research studies the problem of culture of the Crimean Khanate of XIV-XVI centuries in modern humanitarian scientific discourse. The author reviews literary sources published by various researchers in XVII-XXI centuries. The purpose of the research is to study the sources and to identify different points of view in modern humanitarian discourse, the most appropriate for the analysis of the Crimean culture. The author uses historiographic and comparative methods, which enables to analyze modern cultural methodology of Crimean Khanate study, in particular with the help of interval culture study method, which represents the explication of its culture through intervals. The basis of the research of the interval culture explication of the Crimean Tatar culture in the era of the Crimean Khanate is interdisciplinary correlative integral approach, which combines historical-cultural, general historical, philosophical and art criticism analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author proves the necessity to use postmodern methods in modern cultural dis-course, because it promotes deeper multi aspect and many-sided study of the Crimean Khanate as a separate and specific type of culture. Conclusion. The problem of culture of the Crimean Khanate attracted attention of researchers in the sphere of history, art criticism, art history and linguistics many times. It makes most sense to systematize the existed works, in particular by using postmodern methods of the Crimean culture study with the purpose of its future development and objective acceptance by the world community.

Прослава ислaмских празника у верској пракси Бошњака у Новом Пазару – етно-антрополошки контекст

Author(s): Nina Aksić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2020

The paper presents the celebration of religious holidays in the Bosniak community on the territory of Novi Pazar, by giving an insight into their meanings, as well as by giving a brief presentation of the celebrations primarily from the period of socialism, up to the present days. Research on the celebrations of religious holidays in the region of Novi Pazar is based on utterances of interlocutors from this area, then on archival material and literature dealing with this subject. The aim of this paper is to present the genesis of religious holidays in the Bosniak community in Novi Pazar, viewed in the context of understanding the relationship between secular laws and religious issues, and to analyze changes in the ways they are celebrated over the past decades.

Проф. дин Любомир Миков на 70 години

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

Anniversary

Пътепис

Author(s): Evliya Çelebi / Language(s): Bulgarian

Evliya Celebi was an enlightened man in a variety of ways who believed in equality, freedom of thought and intellectual debate, and found all of these things present in Islamic societies. Over the course of his travels, he wrote ten volumes detailing his adventures. ‘Seyahatname’ – Book of Travels – is a unique and important text, representing one of the few accounts of the 17th century and the Ottoman world from the perspective of a Muslim. These are not just factual accounts, Evliya had a great imagination and just as important as his journal entries were the imaginative storytelling that ran alongside, elaborating, exaggerating, and fantasizing. Through his stories, we are prompted to think more imaginatively about our own travels and journeys to other cities. This 17th-century Muslim traveler can sometimes seem narrow-minded and yet this same man can stand in St Stephens Cathedral in Vienna and be moved by the music he hears. Sometimes these encounters lead to nothing but sometimes they lead to stories which are so deeply felt, and so universally melodic that they leave echoes which can still be heard and felt today. In 2011, the year which would have been his 400th birthday, Evliya is being paid homage as UNESCO’s Man of the Year.

РАЗВИТИЕ ГЕОКАРТОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ИДЕЙ ПТОЛЕМЕЯ В СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ ИСЛАМСКОЙ ГЕОГРАФИИ

Author(s): Irina Genadijevna Konovalova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of perception and the development of scientific ideas in a particular society. This problem is considered on the example of geocartographical ideas of Ptolemy, formed in the late Hellenistic period, in the Middle Ages experienced a rebirth in the context of a completely different cultural traditions, namely in the Islamic society, and then in the early Modern period continued to develop in different historical conditions — in Europe. The article shows that in the Islamic world two directions of the perception of Ptolemaic ideas have been formed. The first one can be called a proper continuity, which provided the development of scientific ideas as such; the results achieved by the scientists of the Caliphate in this direction have become known to the world science and subsequently received further development in the works of European cartographers. At the same time the development of another direction, that adapted the Ptolemaic ideas to the needs of the educated classes of the Islamic society, can be traced; results of these activities, which facilitated the absorption of scientific tradition in terms of the Islamic culture, has not gone beyond the Islamic cultural circle.

Ритуал «захоронения аромата» 埋香мэхян на юге корейского полуострова: проблемы реконструкции

Author(s): Anna Sergeevna Shmakova,Bae Kidong,Elena Edmundovna Voytishek / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

Among various types of rituals that emerged in the mainstream culture of East Asia, the “incense burial” ritual 埋香 (Chin. maixiang, Kor. maehyang) holds a prominent place. It is connected with agar wood (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), which has long been well known in Eastern countries. Originating from South China in ancient times as a funeral ceremony when a dead body was surrounded by aromatic timber chips, the “incense burial” ritual failed to de-velop in China. Since the 7th century in Chinese literary tradition, the term “incense burial” was mentioned as “to bury a beauty”, or “to bury a beautiful young woman”. As said above, the tradition of “incense burial” hasn’t been well developed in China or on Japanese islands, but it was broadly spread on the Korean Peninsula, especially from the 8th to the 14th centuries; the period considered as the medieval times of Korean history. The article declares that the “incense burial” ritual involves two stages: the ritual burial of aromatic wood in the ground with the aim of “wearing out” and possibly accompanied by kindling, as well as the installation of a stone stele 埋 香 碑 maehyangbi in honor of this event. Both stages could be separated in time by tens and hundreds of years. The authors of the article define the typology of the maehyangbi steles found so far in the south of the Korean Peninsula, which reveal their value as important historical, archaeological and epigraphic monuments, consider a close relationship between the maehyang ritual and Buddhism (in particular, with the cult of the Buddha Maitreya), and designate a similarity of cultural and historical processes in the culture of Eastern Asia.

Саркофагообразный надмогильный памятник с куфической надписью мусульманского некрополя Дербента XI—XII вв.

Author(s): Murtazali Gadjiev,M.A. Gasanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 13/2021

In 2020 during secure and rescue archaeological observations in Derbent, the Muslim burial ground, representing once vast separate section of medieval urban necropolis of Derbent outside the architecturally allocated shahristan, was identified. This site has more than 80 sarcophagus-shaped tombstones, which are conventionally referred to by their shape as “sarcophaguses” and dated to the last third of the 11th — 12th centuries. Among them there is a single sarcophagus, on the southern longitudinal side of which there is an inset inscription — epitaph, written in Arabic in Kufi handwriting. Its text reads: “This is the grave of Muhammad, the tinsmith. May Allah have mercy on him!”.The monument is a rare example of sarcophagus-shaped tombstones with inscription. According to the epitaph, the buried man was a tinker and this information expands the range of craft specialties that existed in Derbent in the 11th — 12th centuries, and indicates the specialization of handicraft work in the processing of non-ferrous metals, taking into account the existence of manufacturers of copper objects, coppersmiths in Derbent. At the same time, the text of the epitaph shows not only the profession, but also the nickname of the buried man — Muhammad Lahim “Muhammad Tinsmith”. It’s possible that this sarcophagus was installed over the burial of one of the respected representative of the Sufi community in Derbent of the last third of the 11th — 12th centuries.

Свети Йоан Дамаскин, Теодор Абу Кура и ранният ислям

Author(s): Yuliyan Velikov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

With the formation of Islam as a religion in the 7th century, initially spread over the Arabian Peninsula, Christianitu faces a new challenge, which the Christian theologians are not entirely prepared to meet since this "doctrine" can not be "seen" through the eyes of the Antiquity. Saint John of Damascus and Theodore Abu Qurrah represent the early polemics with Islam. Their answer to the call of the minaret reveals two important aspects of the Christian polemics with Islam: through knowledge of the Qur'an as a text and highly competent polemical presence. These two features, in one way or another, were later recognized, assembled and followed by all Christian polemicists in the East and West.

Спомени за погребалните обичаи на мюсюлманите по време на комунизма

Author(s): Sevim Kurtchu / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

The article presents funeral rites of Muslims in Bulgaria during the period of socialism. The author held fieldwork in the region of Kubrat (Northern Bulgaria). Memories about official communist policies are explored in terms of atheistic assimilatory communist policies.

Сравнительный анализ религиозно-философских доктрин хуруфизма и единства бытия (вахдат ал-вуджуд)

Author(s): Zaur Rashidov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

Hurufism is an historical mystical-philosophical worldview, part of the Islamic spiritual culture. The founder of this teaching is Fazlullah Naimi (Astarabadi) (1339–1401). In his teaching, Fazlullah attached divine meaning to 28 Arabic and 32 Persian letters. According to Naimi, the letters, numbers, and also traits and features of human face have a hidden secret meaning. Divine signs (letters and numbers) are revealed in the human face (traits and features). Thus, through divine signs, he transferred divine qualities from God to man. Accused of spreading anthropomorphic and anthropocentric ideas that are unacceptable in Islam, Hurufism has been criticized and persecuted since its founding. Its founder, Fazlullah Naimi, and one of his most famous followers, Seyyed Imadeddin Nasimi (1369–1417), were brutally executed. The views of the Hurufites were declared heretical throughout the Islamic world. For this reason, in the following centuries, the Hurufites were forced to hide and their original ideas dnf teachings began to transform rapidly. During that process, Hurufism gradually dissolved in such mystical and philosophical teachings and trends as Bektashism, Alavism, Calendaring, the ideology of Kyzylbash. The ideas of Hurufism enriched the theoretical foundations of these Islamic teachings.

Стела XVI в. из с. Кумух — высокохудожественное произведение исламского искусства

Author(s): M.M. Mammaev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 13/2021

The article examines the features of decorative decoration of the tombstone of the beginning of the 16th century from the village of Kumukh (Lak district, Republic of Dagestan). Earlier this stele drew attention of art critics, historians, epigraphists, but as the monument of stone-cutting art and highly artistic work of Islamic art not studied in detail. Proceeding from a skillful carving of the stele, the accurate, clear, well thought decor composition, calligraphic Arab inscriptions in a harmonious combination with a vegetable ornament, the author considers it as highly artistic work of medieval stone-cutting art of Dagestan. The author admits the possibility of dating the stele a little earlier than previous researchers, namely the beginning of the 16th c. taking into account the features of its artistic. Judging by the size, decoration of the stele and epitaph, it can be believed that the buried man had a high lifetime social status and died as a martyr (Arab. shahid al-sa'id) in the battle during the military confrontation between the Ghazi-Kumukh shamkhals and Kabarda princes.

ТЕМАТ: ИСЛАМ, ПОЈЕДИНАЦ И ДЕЛАТНЕ ЗАЈЕДНИЦЕ У БЕОГРАДУ НЕКАД И САД

Author(s): Marija Mandić,Jadranka Đorđević-Crnobrnja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2019

ТРАКТОВКИ ХАДИСА О РАСКОЛЕ УММЫ В ТРУДАХ ТАТАРСКИХ РЕФОРМАТОРОВ ИСЛАМА

Author(s): Damir Adgamovich Shagaviev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

The article deals with the opinions of Tatar theologists who were the representatives of the so-called Jadidism – a reformatory movement of Tatar Muslims that took place in the 19th and early 20th centuries – in relation to the Prophet Muhammad’s saying about the schism in his community and the afterlife salvation of only one of its groups. The analysis is based on the theological works of four prominent Tatar scholars of Islam: A. Kursavi, Sh. Marjani, R. Fakhretdinov, and M. Bigiev. These works are studied in chronological order to reveal the evolution of the views concerning the entire Muslim reformatory movement among the Tatars in general. In addition, the question as to whether the Tatar theological heritage can foster tolerance among modern Muslims is considered.

Хамзевийская и хуруфитская ересь в Босни как реакция на политический кризис Оттоманской империи во второй половине XVI столетия

Author(s): Slobodan Ilić / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2000

Характеристики на средновековните ислямски затвори на остров Сицилия (IX – XI век)

Author(s): Desislava Vladimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The medieval prisons are part of the Islamic governing system as in the Near East as in the Magreb. The sources about their organization and working methods are rare and straggling. Whatever, medieval Islamic prisons deserve an attention because they are connected with the general institutional environment in the Islamic lands. This article surveys the Islamic prisons in Sicily in the period 9th-11th century. It begins with a review of the emergence of the first Islamic prisons. This information serves as both forming initial impressions and a basis of the subsequent analysis. An important contribution of the article is the collected information from different by language, type and time historical sources. Their careful readings, coupled with a compare analysis, allow us to draw conclusions about the characteristics and location of the medieval Sicilian prisons. Comparison with the prisons in the other Islamic lands over the same historical period shows us common features. This makes it possible to conclude that the penal institutions on the island follow and work on a well-established model.